Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Influence of protein supplementation frequency on cows consuming low-quality forage : performance, grazing behavior, and variation in supplement intake

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  • Our objective was to determine the influence of CP supplementation frequency (SF) on cow performance, grazing time, distance traveled, maximum distance from water, cow distribution, DMI, DM digestibility, harvest efficiency (HE), percentage of supplementation events frequented, and CV for supplement intake for cows grazing low-quality forage. One hundred-twenty pregnant (approx. 60 d) cows (467 ± 4 kg BW) were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square for one 84-d period in each of 3 yr. Cows were stratified by age, body condition score (BCS), and weight and assigned randomly to one of three 810-ha pastures. Treatments (TRT) included an unsupplemented control (CON) and supplementation every day (D; 0.91 kg; DM basis) or once every 6 d (6D; 5.46 kg; DM basis) with cottonseed meal (43% CP; DM basis). Four cows from each treatment (each year) were fitted with global positioning system collars to estimate grazing time (hid), distance traveled (mId), maximum distance from water (mid), cow distribution (percentage of ha occupied⋅pasture⁻¹⋅yr⁻¹), and percentage of supplementation events frequented. Collared cows were dosed with intraruminal nalkane controlled-release devices on d 28 for estimation of DMI (g⋅kg BW⁻¹⋅d⁻¹), DM digestibility (%), and HE (g DMI⋅kg BW⁻¹⋅min grazing⁻¹). Additionally, Cr₂O₃ was incorporated into CSM on d 36 at 3% of DM for use as a digesta flow marker to estimate the CV for supplement intake (%). Cow weight and BCS change were more positive (P ≤ 0.03) for supplemented TRT compared with CON. No weight or BCS differences (P ≥ 0.14) occurred between D and 6D. Grazing time was greater (P = 0.04) for CON compared with supplemented TRT with no difference (P = 0.26) because of SF. Distance traveled, maximum distance from water, cow distribution, DM1, DM digestibility, and HE were not affected (P ≥ 0.16) by CP supplementation or SF. The percentage of supplementation events frequented and the CV for supplement intake were not affected (P ≥ 0.22) by SF. Results suggest that providing CP daily or once every 6 d to cows grazing low-quality forage increases weight and BCS gain while decreasing grazing time. Additionally, cow distribution, DMI, and HE may not be affected by CP supplementation or SF.
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