Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of Douglas-fir nursery stock with commercially produced inoculum

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  • Nine species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were grown in liquid media over a pH range of 2-7. Species fell into five major groups: (1) growth significantly best only at the optimal pH, (2) growth increased with increase of pH, (3) significantly best growth spans three pH units, (4) spans four pH units, and (5) spans five pH units. A comparison of four isolates each of Cenococcum geophilum and Laccaria laccata revealed striking infraspecific differences in response to pH. Species also differed in their effect on pH of the medium over the duration of the experiment. Isolates that grow well over a broad pH range would be preferred for inoculation in tree nurseries. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of Douglas-fir container-grown seedlings succeeded with coninercially produced Laccaria laccata and Hebeloma crustuliniforme in an research greenhouse and/or commercial nurseries. However, Pisolithus tinctorius inoculum was less effective and the most sensitive to inoculum storage. Inoculated seedlings with abundant mycorrhizae generally had significantly more feeder roots than those with poor or no mycorrhizae. Fresh inoculum was the most effective, and this effectiveness declined as storage period increased. In the case of L. laccata, mycorrhiza formation increased with increased inoculation rate; the lower the inoculation rate, the sooner the effectiveness declined. The best inoculation rate for seedling growth and mycorrhiza formation differed between nurseries. Storage of inoculum at 2°C prolonged inoculum viability for at least two months over that of room-temperature storage. Inoculum from different species or isolates within species responded to storage temperature differently. Results from ectomycorrhizal inoculation of plug+l seedlings indicated that inoculated seedlings had significantly higher foliage Zn concentration, and all but L. laccata-inoculated seedlings had significantly lower foliage Mn levels as compared to noninoculated controls. After being transplanted from containers to nursery beds and grown there for 17 months, all seedlings had 80% mycorrhizal. H. crustuliniforme persisted as a mycorrhizal dominant on seedlings previously inoculated with this fungus. L. laccata-inoculated seedlings had 40% of their feeder roots colonized by Laccaria and other 40% by native fungi (Rhizopogon and Thelephora spp.). All newly formed mycorrhizae of P. tinctorius-inoculated and noninoculated seedlings were with fungi native to the nursery bed, not by P. tinctorius.
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