Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The effect of temperature on biochemical activities of embryo and seedling of germinating rice (Oryza Sativa L.) seed

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  • Some biochemical activities in embryo or seedling of germinating rice (Oryza Sativa L.) seed were studied to explain the effects of suboptimum (20 C), optimum (30 C), and supraoptimum (40 C) temperatures on seed germination and seedling growth. It was observed that 40 C slightly speeded up seed germination but severely inhibited the growth of young seedlings, 30 C delayed germination compared to 40 C, but resulted in the highest seedling growth rate, and 20 C delayed seed germination the most and reduced seedling growth rate to the lowest. Biochemical activities, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis were traced by the incorporation of H-thymidine, H-uridine and S-methionine, respectively, and metabolic activities as quantified by enzymatic activities were determined at 16, 40, and 64 hours of germination. DNA synthesis was low in imbibed seeds but inversely proportional to temperature; then increased two-fold in growing seedling at the optimal temperature, slightly increased at 40 and declined at 20 C at later stages. The synthesis of RNA was 2- to declined at 20 C at later stages. The synthesis of RNA was 2- to 3-fold higher at 30 C than 40 and 20 C, at the three sampling times. Protein synthesis increased with germination time, but highest rate was observed in growing seedlings at 30 C reaching 5-fold of that at 40 and 20 C at 64 hours of germination. Acid phosphatase activity was higher in embryos grown at 30 and 40 C in imbibed seed, then a highest activity was found in growing seedlings at 30 C. The activity of sucrose synthetase increased with germination time, the highest at 30 C, lowest at 20 C, and intermediate at 40 C. The activity of glutamine synthetase was proportional to the temperature in imbibed embryos, then the seedling grown at 40 C exhibited lowest activity, highest at 30 C and intermediate at 20 C. The known optimal temperature resulted in a timely germination of the rice seeds and a highest growth rate of the germinated seedlings. This normal pattern of germination and growth may be attributed to a coordinated synthetic ability of a suitable amount of DNA and adequate genetically specified kinds and quantity of RNA and proteins through a long term's adaptation of rice seeds at the tropical or subtropical environment.
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