Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Vitamin requirements of growing Japaneses quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

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  • Ten experiments were conducted to determine the vitamin requirements of coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to 2 weeks of age using a glucose monohydrate-isolated soybean protein diet. A preliminary study consisting of 2 separate experiments was conducted to determine those vitamins essential to the growing coturnix. This study revealed that young coturnix suffered 100 percent mortality when thiamine, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine were not added to the basal diet. Mortality rates of 46, 80 and 67 percent were observed when diets were deficient in vitamins A and D₃ and riboflavin, respectively. Mortality rates from lack of the remaining vitamins were not considered excessive or abnormal. Feathering was adversely affected and growth was depressed from a deficiency of vitamin A, vitamin D₃, riboflavin, niacin and choline. Omission of supplemental vitamin E, vitamin K, para-aminobenzoic acid, folacin, biotin, inositol or vitamin B₁₂ from the diet appeared without effect under the conditions of this study. Using growth, mortality and feathering as the primary criteria, minimum requirements were established for vitamin A, vitamin D₃, thiamine, riboflavin and pantothenic acid. The requirements per kg. of diet were as follows: vitamin A (I. U.) > 550 but < 825, vitamin D₃ (I. C. U.) > 499 but < 998, thiamine (mg.) > 1.1 but < 2.1, riboflavin (mg.) > 2.37 but < 4.37 and pantothenic acid (mg.) > 13.3 but < 16.3. Vitamin A and D₃ deficient young quail developed deficiency symptoms similar to those reported for chicks and poults. The vitamin A deficient quail showed decreased growth, incoordination of movement, poor feathering and high mortality. The vitamin D₃ deficient quail were rachitic. The thiamine deficient quail suffered poor growth and high mortality, but no polyneuritis was observed. While there was no curled-toe paralysis observed in the riboflavin deficient quail, they failed to grow juvenile feathers. Pantothenic acid deficient quail suffered high mortality and developed rough and ragged feathers, however no signs of dermatitis or perosis were observed.
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