Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Fertility in the domestic hen as related to the events of the reproductive cycle

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  • To observe the effects of oviposition as related to time of insemination on fertility, four trials were conducted in which individually caged White Leghorn hens were artificially inseminated with 0.05 cc of undiluted mixed semen obtained from 4 to 5 cockerels. These inseminations were made at 9:45 a.m. , 10:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. Beginning three hours prior to insemination and continuing to 29 hours after insemination, the time of oviposition of each hen was recorded. Eggs were saved and incubated for two periods, 2 to 9 days and 10 to 17 days following insemination. When the hens were inseminated within three hours before oviposition or two hours after oviposition fertility decreased; and the magnitude of this decrease was inversely related to the time interval between insemination and oviposition. Hens laying 25 to 27 hours after insemination also showed a tendency toward low fertility; and the fact that a high percentage of these hens also laid within two hours prior to insemination may have contributed to this low fertility. A hard-shelled egg in the oviduct at the time of insemination did not affect the resulting fertility unless that egg was laid within three hours after insemination. Ovulation or an egg in the anterior oviduct as far back as the magnum at the time of insemination apparently had little or no influence on the resulting fertility. There was a high correlation between duration of fertility and percentage of fertility. To observe the effects of oxytocin on fertility, hens with hard-shelled eggs in the uteri were either given an intravenous injection of 5 I.U. of oxytocin and inseminated after they laid, or inseminated and then forced to lay by an intravenous injection of 5 I.U. of oxytocin. Hens without a hard-shelled egg in the uterus were either given an intravenous injection of oxytocin and then inseminated, or inseminated with semen diluted with 0.1 cc (2 I.U.) of oxytocin per cc of semen. Hens which had laid several hours previously and did not receive oxytocin served as controls. Hens injected with oxytocin or inseminated with semen containing oxytocin had lower fertility than the controls. Addition of 0.5 I.U. or 1.0 I.U. of oxytocin per cc of saline solution used as a diluent for observing spermatozoa motility greatly reduced spermatozoa motility. Addition of 2 I.U. or 4 I.U. of oxytocin per cc of semen stored at 5°C caused temporary immobilization of the spermatozoa; and when 12 I.U. of oxytocin were added the spermatozoa did not regain their motility.
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Déclaration de droits
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