Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation

 

Effects of Biochar-Based Seed Coatings on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigor of California Brome (Bromus carinatus L.) and Blue Wildrye (Elymus glaucus L.) Pubblico Deposited

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  • California brome and blue wildrye are important native grass species in the Pacific Northwest. However, both species have been reported to have low emergence under less than favorable field conditions. Seed coating is used to improve emergence and stand establishment of various crops. Three studies were carried out to determine the effects of biochar-based seed coatings on seed and seedling performance of two lots each of California brome and blue wildrye. Seeds of each lot were divided into seven sub-lots and were coated with coating treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, plus one un-coated control. The first study was conducted in the growth chamber to evaluate viability and vigor of the seeds coated with the above treatments. Standard germination (SG), tetrazolium (TZ), accelerated aging (AAT), and cold soil (CST) tests were used for evaluating seed quality of uncoated seeds. The CST was used to evaluate seed performance of coated seeds in both species. The second study was conducted in the greenhouse to compare the effect of seed treatments on seed and seedling performance under two irrigation regimes: water stress, plants watered every 10-days, and normal watering, every 3-days. The third study was conducted in the field to evaluate seed treatments under field conditions. When coated with combinations of biochar, lime, hydrophilic polymers and macronutrients, seed from both lots of both species showed equal or slightly higher germination over the untreated control. No consistent pattern was observed for increasing or decreasing final germination, speed of germination, length of seedlings or dry matter contents of any of the treatments over the untreated controls in both crops under 3- or 10-day watering regime. Although under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, seed coated with either lime or a combination of lime, biochar, hydrophilic polymers, and macronutrients improved seed performance over untreated control in some cases, under field conditions no improvement was observed for any of the seed coating treatments over the untreated controls. Changes in seed and seedling performance in this study were species specific, and depended mainly on the initial seed quality, and to a less extent on the irrigation regimes used and the seed coating formulation. Abbreviations: Treatments 1: CaCO₃; 2: ½ CaCO₃, ½ biochar; 3: 100% biochar; 4: ½ biochar, ¼ CaCO₃, ¼ hydrophilic polymers; 5: ½ biochar, ¼ CaCO₃, ¼ hydrophilic polymers & NPK supplement; 6: ½ biochar, ¼ CaCO₃, ¼ hydrophilic polymer & GA₃ 500ppm.
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