Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The evaluation of cold hardiness in Corylus

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  • Anthesis of both staminate and pistillate flowers of Corylus occurs in midwinter. To insure adequate pollination and nut set, these flowers must attain a sufficient hardiness level to withstand low temperatures. This study estimated cold hardiness of Corylus cultivars and species using laboratory freezing of shoots without artificial hardening. In December, January and February of 1991-92 and 1992-93, one-year stems were collected and frozen at regular intervals from -10°C to -38°C, and visual browning assessed survival approximately 10 days after freezing. Elongated catkins were clipped prior to freezing. Percent flower bud survival was calculated and plotted against temperature. Linear regression generated an equation relating percent bud survival to temperature. From this equation, estimates of the LT₅₀ (lethal temperature for 50% of the buds) was calculated for catkins, female inflorescences, and vegetative buds. C. avellana L. catkins, on average, were less hardy in both December and January than female inflorescences and vegetative buds. Maximum hardiness was reached in December and nearly all had elongated prior to the February freeze. Cultivars with the most hardy catkins were 'Morell', 'Brixnut', 'Creswell', 'Gem', 'Giresun OSU 54.080', 'Hall's Giant', 'Riccia di Talanico', 'Montebello' and 'Rode Zeller'. Maximum hardiness was observed for both vegetative and pistillate buds in January and was followed by a marked loss of hardiness in February. Vegetative buds were at least 4°C hardier than pistillate buds in all six freezes. 'Cosford', 'Hall's Giant', 'Negret', 'Gem' and 'Cutleaf had the lowest winter LT₅₀ for pistillate buds, ranging from -30.0°C to -38°C. Visual browning was shown to be an effective method of cold hardiness evaluation for hazelnut flower buds. Electrical conductivity tests are not recommended for assessing cold hardiness of wood tissue in hazelnut.
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file details CHOZINSKIANNIEM1995.pdf 2017-08-02 公开 下载