Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Group achievement tests developed for two basic processes of AAAS Science--a process approach

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  • The major purpose of the study was to determine whether science process achievement tests could be developed for administration to groups of primary grade students. Six Basic Science Process Tests (BSPT) were constructed as samples of the format proposed. Each BSPT was designed to assess one of the basic science processes taught in the first three parts of the 1967 edition of Science--A Process Approach (Sci-APA). The test items were projected 35 mm color slides with a tape recording which asked questions and controlled slide advancement. Pilot studies in kindergarten, and first and second grades with 320 students in Corvallis and Portland, Oregon during the spring of 1968 contributed to the development of general testing procedures and directions for training students to use BSPTs. Preliminary indications of item performance and time requirements were determined from administrations of groups of validated items to students just completing a year of Sci-APA study at the minimum expected grade levels. The sample BSPTs were assembled and synchronized for automatic administrations to students who had studied the 1967 edition of Sci-APA. Measuring and Classifying BSPTs were administered twice to classes of first, second and third graders in Park Falls, Phillips and Rhinelander, Wisconsin during September, 1968. The 850 students yielded more than 100 students who took each BSPT at the minimum expected grade level who had Sci-APA the previous year, and more than 100 students in the same grades who had no Sci-APA experience. Test-retest score pairs were correlated for each experience group to give reliability estimates for each BSPT. The major question was whether groups of primary grade students could be assessed with the tests developed concerning their science process achievements. The administrations of the standardized, synchronized BSPTs seemed acceptable with student groups. Two of the six BSPTs were accepted as reliable on the basis of test-retest correlations. Thus, it was concluded that successful educational measurement instruments can be constructed to assess science process achievement using this format. A second question considered whether there was a difference in BSPT results between students who had studied Sci.-APA for a year and those who had not. Three of the six BSPTs yielded significantly higher means for the Sci-APA trained groups. Both of the reliable BSPTs which assessed process achievements taught in Part A of Sci-APA produced significantly higher means for Sci-APA students.
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