Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

An analysis of visual discriminatory skill of baseball players during the first 200 milliseconds of a pitch

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  • The primary goal of the study was to determine if and how baseball players discriminate the rotational direction of an approaching pitch during the first 200 milliseconds of the flight of the ball. In addition, college-level baseball coaches were surveyed to assess the level of agreement between coaches relative to what are the most useful cues in batting. Pitches thrown in six professional baseball games were also analyzed to determine the frequency of different types of pitches, and to measure how successful professional batters are in hitting the ball. Sixty subjects viewed film of pitches and recorded whether the pitch was thrown with overspin or underspin. The independent variables were direction of rotation, viewing time, seam type, and pitching agent. Thirty college-level baseball coaches were surveyed to establish their opinion's on the importance of the different perceptual cues available to a batter in making a swing decision. First, the coaches rated the usefulness of cues in pitch identification during the early flight of the ball. Second, they rated which cues are most useful in making a swing decision. Finally, they rated the relative importance of perceptual versus conceptual cues in batting. The following results were noted: (1) the baseball group could discriminate the rotational direction of a pitch within the first 200 milliseconds of the flight of the ball; (2) the baseball group used information detected from the seams of the ball to discriminate between pitches; (3) the baseball coaches were divided on which cues are most useful for discriminating between pitches during the early flight of the ball; (4) the coaches agreed that the single most important factor in making a swing decision is location; and (5) the coaches were divided on whether perceptual or conceptual information is most important in batting. It was recommended that coaches, teachers, and instructors should teach their players to use rotational information to help them discriminate between pitches. Additionally, baseball players should understand the basis of ball dynamics in order to understand how rotation affects the flight of the ball.
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