Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Fouling characteristics of organic fluids

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  • A systematic study of the fouling characteristics of organic fluids was conducted in an annular test section. The study consisted of four main parts. First, the effect of key factors such as surface temperature, velocity, concentration, and oxygen on fouling from the system styrene-heptane-polystyrene was investigated. While surface temperature increased fouling considerably, higher velocities limited it. At high temperature and low velocity, higher concentrations of precursor increased the fouling rates while at low temperature and high velocity, concentration had no effect. Fouling rates and delay times were lower with oxygen present. Second, the effect of a variety of organic sulfur compounds on fouling from the styrene-heptane-polystyrene system was studied. With 100 ppm sulfur, sulfides in general, lowered the extent of fouling while thiols completely inhibited it. A disulfide showed an intermediate action. With only 10 ppm sulfur from n-dodecanethiol added, the fouling rate approached that of the sulfur-free system. Third, chemical reaction fouling under subcooled boiling conditions was modeled. The new model was applied and tested with the fouling data and the independent kinetic data obtained for the system studied in part one. Deviations between model predictions of the initial fouling rate and the experimental values varied from 13% to over 100%. Fourth, fouling from two batches of crude oil residuum was investigated. The threshold surface temperature for fouling to occur was about 790°F for the first batch while it was only between 575 and 600°F for the second batch. Higher temperatures increased fouling but the effect of velocity was complex.
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