Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Selenium from industrial wastes for grazing livestock

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  • Two experiments were conducted to evaluate supplementation methods and availability of selenium from environmental waste materials to grazing livestock as a potential means of waste recycling. One involved incorporation of wastes into salt for freechoice supplementation to the animals themselves, the second involved fertilizer amendments with wastes to grow Orchardgrass (Dactylis Glomerate) and subsequent analysis of Se uptake into the forage. Free-choice feeding was used to determine the effects of direct administration of the salt-selenium mix to pregnant ewes, and the subsequent effects of this practice on their young. The forage experiment was utilized to determine plant responses in providing enough Se to animals in grazing or hay feeding situations. Mature Suffolk ewes were given access to trace-mineralized (TM) salt with Se provided either as Sodium Selenite (Na₂Se0₃) or Coal Fly Ash (CFA) at a level of 20 ppm Se offered. Ewes supplied with the CFA salt did not differ from the selenite-salt fed ewes in whole blood Se or Glutathione Peroxidase erythrocyte levels. Newborn lambs from CFA-supplemented ewes showed comparable, but not significantly higher tissue Se levels to those from the selenitesupplemented ewes. Both groups of animals exhibited significantly higher blood and tissue Se levels than an unsupplemented group of ewes. The CFA-salt was readily consumed, once ewes became accustomed to the slight "metallic" odor. A soil amendment study was undertaken, based on recently published data concerning Se uptake by plants growing on shrimp waste (SW) and coal fly ash (CFA) dumpsites. Usual fertilization procedures common to the area were used with CFA and SW incorporated into test plots planted with orchardgrass in a 5 x 2 factorial design with 4 replicates. Whole plant Se was measured at 1/3 bloom and heading-out growth stages of the plant. There were significant differences showing that CFA or SW amendments both supported significantly increased levels of plant Se over those produced on native soils, or normal amendment procedures alone. Lime, in combination with CFA inhibited overall plant growth but still allowed the plant to accumulate more Se than normal area amendment procedures. Results of these two experiments show that two environmental wastes, CFA and SW can provide useful alternative sources of SE to areas deficient in the trace mineral, while incidentally providing an acceptable and economically feasible method of waste recycling.
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