Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Fine structure and function of the neck organ in the brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplius

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  • The morphology of the dorsal neck organ of the brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplius was investigated to determine its role(s) during larval development. Light and scanning electron microscopic studies show that the neck organ is present in the pre-nauplius larval forms as early as 12 hours after hydration of the desiccated cysts. It reaches its maximum development by the second or third instar but dedifferentiates in later stages as the phyllopodia mature. Areas of chloride ion accumulation in the E-2 and nauplius were localized by silver nitrate staining, The neck organ was the only portion of the larvae that stained to an appreciable degree, suggesting that it is the major site of sodium chloride secretion in the larval forms. Ultrastructural study of the neck organ in the early nauplius indicates that the organ serves the larva as a salt-secretory gland. The cells of the neck organ exhibit fine structural specializations commonly associated with epithelia involved in ion transport. The apical surfaces of the cells are extensively convoluted and the cell cytoplasm is divided into a web-like labyrinth which contains numerous mitochondria. Electron microscopic examination of the neck organ also reveals that it serves as a stable point of attachment for the dorsal antennal musculature, thus compensating for the non-rigid nature of the larval cuticle. It is suggested that the unusual architecture of the neck organ in the nauplius of Artemia may be an adaptation related to efficiency in both salt secretion and locomotion.
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