Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Inheritance of resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus disease in barley

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  • Studies were conducted on artificially infected susceptible and resistant barley varieties in an attempt to determine the effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on the growth and development of these plants. A resistant and a susceptible variety were infected at four stages of growth and harvested at two stages. Roots, and the above ground portions of the plants were measured and weighed and the number of tillers were counted. Thirty barley varieties and three oat varieties were grown in greenhouse soilbeds and infected with barley yellow dwarf virus. The height of the plants was measured at weekly intervals until heading, and again at harvest. Yield components were also determined at harvest as well as total seed yield. Seventeen crosses between thirteen resistant and susceptible barley varieties were made, and the F₂ and F₃ generations evaluated for resistance to the barley yellow dwarf disease. The possibility of an association between resistance and the characters of kernel row number, kernel color, rachilla hair length, and the length of outer glumes was investigated. These investigations indicated that the barley yellow dwarf disease apparently exerts a primary effect on root development, resulting in an inadequate supply of moisture and nutrients to the plant. While the root development of susceptible plants was restricted when plants were infected at early stages of growth, infection of resistant plants at the 3- and 5-leaf stages of development resulted in stimulation of root development. Resistant varieties reacted differently to infection by barley yellow dwarf virus. While all infected plants of resistant varieties grew approximately the same in height as the uninfected plants, the components of yield were affected. One yield component of a resistant variety would be increased while another was suppressed. In another resistant variety the reverse reaction was observed. A few varieties were observed in which the all yield components were equal or superior to those of uninfected plants of the same variety, resulting in increased total yields of grain. Genetic investigations indicated that one gene segregated for resistance, and that the same gene segregated in the varieties CI 3208-4, CI 9654, and CI 9795. The gene which segregated for resistance was assumed to be the Yd₂ gene even though this gene was expressed as a recessive in all crosses between a resistant and susceptible variety. The difference in behavior of this gene was explained by the fact that the susceptible variety, Hannchen, exhibits a low level of resistance to the disease. No association was found between yellow dwarf resistance and any other characters studied. An association was found between the character of red kernel color in the Abate variety and kernel row number, indicating that kernel color was controlled by the Re₂re₂ gene on chromosome V. A recombination value of 20.42 ± 4.67% was obtained.
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