Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Cross-cultural comparison of college students' physical activity behaviors in the US and ROC using transtheoretical model constructs

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  • This was a cross-cultural comparative study that examined college students' physical activity behavior in both the United States and the Republic of China on the basis of the full Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change. Although current investigations do support TTM as a powerful model of physical activity behavior change, there remains a need for examining other variables and constructs relative to those proposed in TTM. From a health promotion planning or intervention perspective, the integration of some of the PRECEDE and PROCEED (PRE) constructs might provide unique insight into physical activity behavior. A total of 1,132 participants were recruited into this study, with 531 coming from Taiwan and 601 coming from the U.S. In spite of similar recruitment techniques, demographical data indicated that the participants from Taiwan were older and had lower BMIs than those in the United States. They also spent more time sifting in comparison to their American counterparts. The scales and subscales used in this study were completed in the participants' native language (i.e., Chinese or English). Prior to their use in this study, all of the questionnaires were translated into Chinese using a multiple-step methodology, including back translation, and they were found to have reasonable internal consistency. Results showed that the best predictive model for the stages of physical activity behavior change was based on concomitants coming from both TTM and PRE together. Specifically, the variables that contributed the most to the participants' stage of change for physical activity classification in a stepwise analysis, in order of entry, were the behavioral processes of change, predisposing, nationality, cognitive processes of change, and gender. The overall classification accuracy was 49%. Other than the maintenance stage (66%-68% classification accuracy), this study found that the preparation stage (65.5%- 70.4% classification accuracy) was especially reliably predicted, which suggests that preparation stage might be less transitory than previous thought. Furthermore, the concurrent validity of the stage of change measure used in this study was significantly related to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). This is the first application of IPAQ in Taiwan and the results of the present study support its continued use as a physical activity measure within a new country. As nationality was a key concomitant of stage of change classification, the present study suggests there may be a need for more non-Eurocentric research with TTM before concluding that behavior change strategies and techniques hypothesized in the model (e.g., behavioral and cognitive processes of change decisional balance, and self-efficacy) are fully generalizable in physical activity behavior change interventions using mixed culture samples. Likewise, there may be some unique contributions to such interventions by incorporating constructs from a broader health promotion planning or intervention model.
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