Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Frameshift mutagenicity of flavonol glycosides activated by human fecalase enzyme

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  • Many substances in the plant kingdom and in man's diet occur as glycosides. Recent studies have indicated that many glycosides that are not mutagenic in tests such as the Salmonella/microsome test become mutagenic upon hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages. The Salmonella/microsome test utilizes a liver homogenate to approximate mammalian metabolism but does not provide a source of the enzymes present in intestinal bacterial flora that hydrolyze the wide variety of glycosides present in nature. This investigation was designed to study the effect of stable cell-free extracts from enteric bacteria of human feces, fecalase, which was shown to contain glycosidases which bioactivate in vitro many natural diet glycosides to compounds which are mutagenic in the Salmonella/ liver homogenate test. Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo); Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Red and Yellow Onion (Allium cepa) varieties all contain quercetin which presumably forms mutagenic flavonol glycosides in the gut. The White Onion does not contain quercetin. Flavonol extract of Cantaloupe, Raspberry, Red and Yellow varieties of onion were mutagenic in the test when fecalase was added. Frameshift mutagenicity (TA 1537, TA 98, and TA 97) among the flavonoid extracts tests was mainly confined to the flavonols (flavon-3-ols). The base-pair mutants (TA 1535, TA 100) did not show mutagenic activity upon testing the flavonoid extracts of the samples investigated in this study. Since the flavonols are probably the single largest group of flavonoids, and the mutagenic agent detected, quercetin, is the most common flavonol aglycone, plant breeding has been suggested to reduce the amount of flavonoids present in the food we eat.
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