Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Effects of cover crop and vineyard floor management on young vine growth, soil moisture, and weeds in an establishing vineyard in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

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  • Five vineyard floor management treatments were evaluated in a young vineyard in western Oregon to better understand the effects on vine growth and nutrition, soil moisture dynamics, and weed control during 2009 and 2010. Treatments included two mulched treatments where mowed alleyway residue was transferred in-row at rates of 1x and 3x of alleyway biomass, one treatment where residue was incorporated into alleyways, one treatment where residue was removed, and one unplanted treatment. Vine growth, root growth, and nutritional status of young vines were measured over two growing seasons, as was soil moisture from 0-76cm depth. Weed coverage was assessed visually and densities of broadleaf and grass weeds were determined. In-row volumetric and gravimetric soil moisture measured across 0-30 cm were greater in mulched than non-mulched treatments each year while the 3x level of mulch treatment had greater soil moisture than the 1x level of mulch treatment in 2010. Soil compaction in-row was lowest in mulched treatments each year. One-year old grapevines destructively harvested in fall each year had greater leaf and wood biomass in mulched treatments than non-mulched treatments. Shoot lengths were greater in mulched treatments than non-mulched treatments in 2010. Vines in mulched treatments had greater pruning weights by 43% in 2010 than the treatment in which residue was removed. Clusters per shoot were greater in vines under the 3x level of mulch in 2010. SPAD measures of leaf chlorophyll concentration were higher in mulched treatments than non-mulched treatments. Weed coverage and densities were substantially lower in-row of mulched treatments during 2009 and 2010, with nearly 100% weed suppression by the greater level of residue mulch. Alleyway weed coverage was lowest when residue was incorporated, and highest in the unplanted treatment at some sampling dates. These results indicate that cover crops can be managed effectively to increase shoot and leaf growth of one- to three-year old V. vinifera 'Chardonnay' vines and conserve soil moisture in a non-irrigated, cool climate vineyard. Further, this study indicates that mulching of mowed cover crop residue in-row can reduce weed growth, and incorporation of cover crop residues in alleyways can suppress alleyway weeds.
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