Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Genetic variability for kernel hardness in two soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivators

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  • To remain competitive in the international marketplace, soft white wheat cultivars grown in the Pacific Northwest must have consistent and predictable flour properties including kernel texture. As a consequence, there is a need to develop wheat cultivars for specific end uses. Wheat cultivars with very soft kernels are used largely for making cookies and cakes. Harder soft white wheats are more suitable for noodles and flat breads. Numerous studies have been made to determine the inheritance of kernel texture between hard and soft wheat; however, very little information is available concerning the amount of genetic variability within soft white wheat. Reciprocal crosses were made between a very soft (TJB/MON"S") and a soft (Yamhill) white winter wheat genotype. Data were collected on an individual plant basis for kernel texture, protein content, and eight selected agronomic traits. Kernel hardness and protein content were determined using the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR). Genetic differences for kernel texture and the other nine traits were found between the two parents and the resulting F1 progenies. It would appear that kernel texture is qualitatively inherited with one or more genes reflecting additive and nonadditive gene action. However, a large component of non-genetic variation was also detected. Of particular interest was the apparent reciprocal differences found between Fl populations for most of the traits measured and particularly kernel texture. However, for kernel texture, such differences were not due to a dosage effect of the 3n endosperm. Kernel texture was not found to be associated with protein content. A negative association of kernel texture with heading date would suggest a compromise may be necessary when selecting these traits. Positive associations were found between kernel hardness with number of tillers, total biological yield, grain yield, and number of kernels per spike.
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