Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The effects of growth rate and cambial age on wood properties of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl.)

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  • This study was to investigate effects of growth rate and cambial age on properties of wood from two increasingly used hardwood species, red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl.), for better understanding factors affecting wood quality in hardwoods. Thirty 7-year-old trees grown at widely varying rates were sampled from a red alder plantation to determine the effect of growth rate on anatomical, physical, and bending properties. Six 40-year-old red alder trees and six Oregon white oak trees older than 50 years were sampled from pith to bark at two heights to study the radial variation in anatomical characteristics and specific gravity (SG). The growth rate of 7-year-old red alder trees had no effect on fiber and vessel proportions, SG, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). Fiber length, vessel diameter, and ray proportion increased slightly while fiber wall thickness and axial parenchyma decreased slightly with growth rate. Findings indicate that increasing growth rate of red alder through silvicultural practices does not negatively affect wood and fiber quality. Variations among 40-year-old red alder trees were significant for SG and vessel diameter but not for other anatomical properties. The differences between two heights and between the lower and upper sides were not significant for any measured properties. Fiber length, vessel diameter, and fiber and vessel proportions varied greatly from pith to bark at both heights. Ray proportion and SG remained unchanged across the radius at both heights. SG was better correlated with MOE and MOR than any single or several anatomical characteristics combined. In Oregon white oak, there was significant variation in fiber length, vessel diameter, and fiber and vessel proportions from pith to bark. The demarcation age between the core and outer wood was around 10 to 26 years, depending on characteristic. SG decreased linearly from pith to bark at both heights. Ray proportion showed little change across the radius. Outer wood revealed stronger relationships between anatomical characteristics, SG, MOE and MOR than did core wood. SG was not a good estimator of bending properties.
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