Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Weed control with glyphosate and glufosinate in herbicide-resistant sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.).

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  • Field studies were conducted in 1998 and 1999, to evaluate glyphosate and glufosinate for control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, hairy nightshade, and barnyardgrass in herbicide-resistant sugarbeets. Treatments that included two or three applications of glyphosate, regardless of rate, or glyphosate applied once in combination with BAS 656 07 H or ethofumesate, resulted in 83 to 100 percent redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters and hairy nightshade control. Redroot pigweed and barnyardgrass control was lower when glyphosate was applied to cotyledon sugarbeets, with sequential applications one and two weeks later, than when glyphosate was applied to two to four leaf sugarbeets. Sugarbeet yield with glyphosate treatments was greater than or equal to the standard herbicide program used in sugarbeets. Glufosinate applied earlypostemergence or mid-postemergence resulted in 78 to 100 percent redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and hairy nightshade control. Glufosinate following ethofumesate applied preplant incorporated or ethofumesate applied postemergence in combination with glufosinate provided weed control similar to the standard herbicide program. Barnyardgrass control was lowest with glufosinate applied postemergence in combination with ethofumesate. Glufosinate treatments that were applied in combination with ethofumesate postemergence resulted in lower sugarbeet yields. Slight sugarbeet injury was observed early in the growing season when ethofumesate was applied postemergence. However, weed control was the main factor that affected sugarbeet yield. Treatments did not affect sugarbeet sucrose content. Field dodder control, with glyphosate, ranged from 98 to 100 percent, 42 days after treatment. Glyphosate treatments reduced dodder dry weight compared to a conventional, herbicide program of the commercial premix of desmedipham and phenmedipham, tank mixed with triflusulfuron, and clopyralid. Sugarbeet dry weight was greater, and dodder dry weight was lower with the conventional program compared to the untreated control and a single application of glufosinate. Three applications of glufosinate, at 0.40 and 0.80 kg ai/ha with 3.4 kg ai/ha of AMS resulted in a lower dodder dry weight than three applications of glufosinate at 0.30 kg/ha with AMS and the untreated control. Glyphosate reduced dodder growth in some cases when applied before dodder attachment to glyphosate-resistant sugarbeets. Glufosinate applied before attachment to glufosinate-resistant sugarbeets had no effect on dodder growth. Dipping a single leaf from a dodder infested sugarbeet in a glyphosate solution reduced the growth of dodder that was attached to other sugarbeet leaves on the same plant. Since glyphosate was not in contact with dodder surface, the glyphosate that caused the dodder growth reduction translocated from the treated leaf to the leaves in which dodder was attached.
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