Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Lactic streptococci and the fruity flavor defect of cheddar cheese

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  • The tendency for certain single- and mixed-strain lactic starter cultures to develop a fruity and/or fermented off-flavor in ripening Cheddar cheese was traced to certain strains of Streptococcus lactis in the starter. A very intense fruity and/or fermented flavor developed in experimental cheeses when one particular S. lactis strain was used as a component microorganism in the starter culture. Contrary to previous implications, strains of Streptococcus diacetilactis did not produce a fruity and/or fermented flavor in experimental cheeses made with starter cultures containing these organisms. Mixed-strain cultures of Streptococcus cremoris were used to produce control cheeses, which did not develop the fruity and/or fermented flavor defect. The starter culture and treatment of the cheese milk were the only variables used in the cheesemaking trials. Results obtained indicate that the specific species and/or strain of lactic streptococci contained in the starter culture affect the flavor score and type of flavor in the resultant cheese, independent of the temperature of the heat treatment or hydrogen peroxide-catalase treatment of cheese milk. There were no apparent correlations between "normal" and "defective" starter cultures for the level of proteolytic activity or production of acetaldehyde or diacetyl to the development of fruity and/or fermented off-flavor in cheeses. Existing procedures for the quantification of acetaldehyde, diacetyl and volatile esters were adapted and modified for determining the concentration of these compounds in cheese curd and ripened cheese. The method of slurry preparation, type of diluent and the pH were factors found to affect the recovery rate for acetaldehyde from cheese. The relative flavor preference for typical experimental cheeses was determined with the aid of a flavor panel. A sample of fermented- unclean cheese received the lowest hedonic flavor score, whereas the flavor score of a slight fruity and/or fermented sample compared favorably with that of the reference sample.
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Déclaration de droits
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