Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Daily vs alternate day supplementation of soybean meal or wheat middlings to steers consuming low quality hay

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  • Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of daily (D) vs alternate day (AD) supplementation of soybean meal (SBM) or wheat middlings (WM) on forage organic matter intake (OMI), ruminal digesta kinetics, total tract digestibility, and ADG of steers consuming low quality forage. In Exp. 1, five Angus x Hereford steers (403 ± 32 kg) fitted with rumen cannulas were utilized in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Steers were individually fed low-quality (5.3% CP) fescue hay ad libitum and were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: no supplement (CON); WM fed daily (WMD); WM fed every other day (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD); and SBM fed every other day (SBMAD). Supplements were formulated to meet 100% of degradable intake protein (DIP) and metabolizable protein (MP) requirements. Supplementation increased (P<0.05) hay and total OMI (g•kg⁻¹•BW⁻¹) and total OM digestibility (%) compared to CON. Daily supplementation increased (P<0.05) hay and total OMI and hay and total OM digestibility when compared with AD supplementation. Hay OMI and hay OM digestibility was greater (P<0.01) for SBM compared to WM, but total OMI and total OM digestibility was not different (P>0.38). In Exp. 2, 96 Angus crossbred steers (280 ± 32 kg) were blocked by weight (three groups) into 12 pens in a randomized complete block design. Steers were fed low-quality (6.2% CP) fescue straw ad libitum, and one of four supplements formulated to meet 100% of the DIP requirements: WM fed daily (WMD); WM fed 3d/week (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD); and SBM fed 3d/week (SBMAD). Straw OMI was greater (P<0.03) for D compared with AD supplemented treatments and for SBM compared with WM supplemented treatments. Total OMI was greater (P<0.01) for D compared with AD supplemented treatments, however, SBM had similar total OMI when compared with WM supplemented treatments. Daily supplemented steers had greater (P=0.03) ADG when compared with AD supplemented steers. Despite having lower forage intake and similar total OMI, steers consuming WM had higher (P<0.01) ADG when compared to steers consuming SBM.
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