Honors College Thesis
 

Synthesis and Solution Behavior of Tetravalent Metal Clusters with Ammonium Counterions

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  • Global interest in reducing carbon emissions by use of alternative energy sources makes nuclear energy production and the impacts of the nuclear energy cycle relevant. Studying the aqueous speciation of tetravalent metals commonly used for nuclear energy (uranium, thorium, plutonium) can inform us of general metal properties and their behavior in the environment. Two thorium (IV) sulfate structures (an isolated hexamer and chain of hexamer linked monomers), four uranium (IV) sulfate structures (an isolated hexamer, chain of linked hexamers, and two packing forms of a supercluster of 84 uranium atoms), and two cerium (IV) sulfate structures (superclusters of 62 and 70 cerium atoms) are introduced. Some of these structures are isostructural to published structures, but unique in their sulfate ligands and ammonium counterions. Aqueous solution analysis suggests the assembly of the thorium structures and two of the uranium structures does not occur in solution, however the assembly of the cerium superclusters does. Further directions include isolation and characterization of the precipitate formed during solution analysis of the thorium and uranium structures, and studies in the applications of these structures for catalysis.
  • Key Words: Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Actinides, Metal-oxo Clusters, Ammonium Counterions
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