Honors College Thesis
 

Effect of different head and neck positions on limb kinematics in the dressage horse at the walk

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  • During the past two decades, interest has grown in the role and welfare implications of different head and neck positions (HNPs) in equine biomechanics as well as dressage training and competition. To evaluate the influence of HNP on stride length, 17 horses of varying breeds and dressage levels were studied in six standard predetermined HNPs: unrestrained with loose reins (HNP1); neck slightly raised and nose slightly in front of the vertical (HNP2); neck slightly raised and nose behind the vertical (HNP3); neck lowered and rounded and nose considerably behind the vertical (HNP4); neck considerably raised and nose in front of the vertical (HNP5); and neck considerably lowered and nose extended forward and downward (HNP6). Videos taken of each horse ridden in each HNP at the walk were analyzed in ONTRACKEQUINEⓒ for geometrical HNP parameters and front and rear stride lengths. A Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed statistically significant differences between the stride lengths of horses in multiple different pairs of HNPs. Horses in HNP1 and HNP6 displayed longer stride lengths than horses in HNP2, HNP3, HNP4, and HNP5. Thus, elevating the poll and putting the nose behind the vertical independently decreased stride length, and the largest decrease in stride length was observed through the combination of poll elevation and nose placement behind the vertical.
  • Key Words: dressage, head and neck position, horse, kinematics, stride
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