Technical Report
 

Effect of Hot Water Dips on Eradication of Grape Phylloxera from Nursery Stock

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  • The easiest way to introduce phylloxera to a site is by infested plant material. If a grower can effectively remove any existing phylloxera on new plants, the rate of spread of phylloxera. in Oregon vineyards will be significantly decreased. The objectives of this study are to determine methods for dipping of young self-rooted and grafted vines (nursery stock) that will eradicate existing phylloxera populations without causing plant damage. In November, 1993, an initial hot water dip study involved dipping all life stages of phylloxera and five different rootstocks (not grafted) in 125°F water for 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 minutes. Three root pieces with established populations of eggs, nymphs, and adults were dipped for each time treatment. After the heat treatment, the root pieces were placed in petri dishes and stored in an incubator. Data on percent survival for each life stage and amount of time to kill all life stages were collected. The results showed that all life stages were killed at the five minute dip in 125°F water. The five rootstocks studied were Pinot Noir, 5C, 101-14, 3309C, and Freedom. The dormant plants were removed from their pots, washed free of soil, and pruned to 4 buds and 6" root length. Control plants were dipped in 70°F for 10 minutes (5 minutes as a pre-dip and 5 minutes for the time needed to eradicate the insect). The hot water dip plants received a predip of 5 minutes at 110°F to warm the roots and then were given a 5 minute dip in 125°F water. After dipping, all plants were placed in pots and forced in a greenhouse. The percent budbreak of primary, secondary, and tertiary shoots was evaluated. The results determined that all plants broke bud in all time intervals but the control plants had a higher percentage of bud break. A second dip will be conducted in January, 1995, including hibernants and grafted rootstocks.
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