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Characterizing novel bacterial isolates that inhibit the growth of gall-forming phytopathogenic bacteria

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  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhodococcus fascians are plant pathogenic bacteria that can induce crown and leafy galls on plants, respectively. Infection by these bacteria results in disfigured, unsellable plants, leading to significant economic losses to the nursery industry. A. tumefaciens and R. fascians are capable of infecting a broad range of plants by co-opting native plant systems to induce gall formation. However, they use different mechanisms. A. tumefaciens, a Gram-negative bacteria, causes disease by transferring its DNA into the plant cell. The expression of this DNA leads to the production of hormone-producing enzymes that disrupt the native levels in the plant, initiating the formation of the tumor-like galls. R. fascians, a Gram-positive bacteria, produces its own cytokinins that can disrupt native levels, resulting in leafy galls. For either pathogen, universally effective control methods are nonexistent, and there is no way to cure infected plants. The best practice is prevention. To this end, the goal of our project is to identify and characterize novel bacteria that show promise for use as biocontrol agents. We are characterizing several novel bacterial isolates that can inhibit the growth of both pathogens in vitro, and reduce symptom development in vivo. In addition, we have identified closely related isolates that lack this inhibitory capacity. In in vitro bacterial inhibition assays, isolates differ in their abilities to inhibit a variety of species/sub-species of both Agrobacterium and Rhodococcus. Preliminary studies have shown that pre-treatment with inhibitory isolates prior to the introduction of either pathogen leads to a decrease in disease symptoms in planta. To identify the putative inhibitory compounds, we are using comparative genomics analyses to identify potential secondary metabolite and lipopeptide synthesis pathways unique to inhibitory isolates. In addition, we have identified bioactive fractions and are using analytical chemistry methods to purify and identify compounds.
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  • Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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  • Chang Lab
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  • This project is supported by USDA SCRI Grant #2014-51181-22384. MSB received personal funding from the URISC program at OSU to perform this work.
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