AwardNumber,Title,NSFOrganization,Program(s),StartDate,LastAmendmentDate,PrincipalInvestigator,State,Organization,AwardInstrument,ProgramManager,EndDate,AwardedAmountToDate,Co-PIName(s),PIEmailAddress,OrganizationStreet,OrganizationCity,OrganizationState,OrganizationZip,OrganizationPhone,NSFDirectorate,ProgramElementCode(s),ProgramReferenceCode(s),ARRAAmount,Abstract,,,,,,,,
1061218,Continental Shelf Benthic Oxygen Fluxes Determined by Eddy Correlation in the Presence of Wave Motions,OCE,CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,3/15/11,6/25/13,Clare Reimers,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Donald L. Rice,2/28/14,"$802,624.00",H. Tuba Ozkan-Haller,creimers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1670,"0000, OTHR",$0.00,"Within the last decade, broad sections of the Oregon-Washington continental shelf located in the northern California Current System have been affected by severe hypoxia during the summer upwelling season. Mass balances of dissolved oxygen on the shelf indicate oxygen uptake of sediments is greater than estimated from benthic flux measurements using traditional benthic chambers and microprofiles. The most probable explanation for this inbalance is uncharacterized temporal and spatial variability in the major physical and biological processes contributing to on-shelf oxygen utilization. A scientist from Oregon State University (OSU) plans to determine the magnitude and variability of benthic oxygen fluxes on the inner and middle Oregon shelf and the contribution of wave-induced motions to these fluxes using the eddy correlation (EC) technique. This technique assumes that a direct vertical flux estimate can be obtained by measuring the covariance between fluctuations of oxygen and fluctuations of vertical velocity above the seabed. To attain the goal, both wave flume experiments and field measurements using the EC lander will be carried out. Initially, EC measurements in the presence of energetic waves will be studied in the large wave flume at OSU's Hinsdale Wave Research Facility which is the largest wave channel of its type in North America. The purpose of the wave flume experiments is to experimentally verify the best approaches to data collection, averaging, and coordinate rotation to derive unbiased fluxes in the presence of waves and a sandy bed. In addition, the wave-turbulence decomposition method will be applied to quantify wave contributions to seafloor oxygen exchange and to document the sequence of bedforms and pore water profiles that evolve in response to stepwise increases and decreases in wave height. Once the wave flume experiments have been completed, four 8-day research cruises will be carried out to make measurements on the Oregon shelf over 3 years during spring, summer and fall conditions. The sites to be targeted are characterized by permeable sands at 25 to 85 m water depth and can exhibit ripples. Ancillary measurements will include bottom water dissolved oxygen, nutrients, pigment concentration, temperature and salinity, whereas sediment cores will be subsampled for bulk permeability measurements and profiles of 210Pb, organic carbon, nitrogen, grain size, and pigments.<br/><br/>As regards broader impacts, the scientist plans to collaborate with U.S. and Chilean scientists involved in the Microbial Initiative in Low Oxygen waters off Concepcion and Oregon (MI-LOCO) project. One graduate student would be supported and trained as part of this project.",,,,,,,,
1057452,Critical Upgrades to Specimen Storage and Computerization for the Oregon State University Ichthyology Collection,DBI,"BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH COLLECTION, CROSS-EF ACTIVITIES",4/1/11,8/4/14,Brian Sidlauskas,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Reed Beaman,3/31/15,"$419,889.00",,brian.sidlauskas@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,"1197, 7275","9178, 9179, 9184, 9251,",$0.00,"The quarter million specimens in the Oregon State University Ichthyology Collection (OSUIC) have supported research on fish biodiversity and conservation since 1935. Recently a lack of expansion space, an outdated card-based cataloging system and insufficient finances have stymied the OSUIC's growth and prevented researchers around the globe from accessing the collection's holdings easily. This project will solve these problems by 1) installing mobile compact shelving that will increase shelf space by 43% and 2) creating an online, remotely accessible collection database. These critical upgrades will allow the OSUIC to archive new specimens and ensure that it continues to serve as a center for research on fishes from the Pacific Northwest and beyond for decades to come.<br/><br/>In addition to upgrading the collection's infrastructure, this project will engage precollege students with some of the most spectacular OSUIC specimens in hands-on Discovery Units, provide training and financial support to undergraduate and graduate students, and develop a new online Systematics of Fishes course. In that course, photographs of specimens of more than 400 species will generate a virtual teaching collection, thereby replicating the laboratory-intensive experience of the current on-campus offering. By its conclusion, the project will offer students, scientists and the public vastly improved online access to information in a biodiversity library that has until now been accessible only to scholars behind closed doors.",,,,,,,,
1100572,Collaborative Research: Stronger than Glass Fibers; Stiffer than Steel Wires: A New Perspective into the Mechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals,DMR,"Biomechanics & Mechanobiology, BIOMATERIALS PROGRAM",9/1/11,6/1/12,John Simonsen,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Aleksandr Simonian,8/31/14,"$54,000.00",,john.simonsen@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,MPS,"7479, 7623","028E, 036E, 1057, 7237, 7573, 9162, AMPP, CVIS",$0.00,"ID: MPS/DMR/BMAT(7623) 1100806 PI: Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza ORG: Michigan Tech<br/><br/>ID: MPS/DMR/BMAT(7623) 1100572 PI: Simonsen, John ORG: Oregon State<br/><br/>Title: Collaborative Research: Stronger than Glass Fibers, Stiffer than Steel Wires: A New Perspective into the Mechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals<br/><br/>INTELLECTUAL MERIT: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are highly crystalline organic polymers that can be extracted from natural materials. They are stiffer than aluminum and theoretical calculations place their tensile strength at 7500 MPa, higher than glass fibers or steel. Inasmuch as these crystals are biocompatible, lightweight, low cost, and sustainable they offer potential for applications in biomedical materials, energy technologies, electronics, and microelectromechanical systems devices. To date, no experimental tests have been utilized to investigate the strength properties of CNCs. This proposal aims to fill these gaps. In order to evaluate such properties the underlying mechanisms responsible for nanoscale mechanics should be determined. In-situ experiments and multiscale models for deformations in small-scale components can open possibilities for improved design and applications of CNCs. The objectives of this research are (1) to explore the nanoscale mechanics of individual CNCs as a function of the biological source, (2) to determine the dependence of CNC's mechanical properties on cellulose crystal dimensions, and (3) to fully characterize the elastic moduli of CNCs as function of their crystallographic orientations. To meet these objectives, nanomechanical properties will be investigated through the use of a novel in-situ characterization technique that enables atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments inside the chamber of a transmission electron microscope. The in-situ data will then be used to develop and validate the continuum mechanics and molecular dynamics models of CNCs.<br/><br/>BROADER IMPACTS: CNC-based materials are expected to have beneficial uses in a variety of technical applications, such as composite materials, packaging, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery vectors, Li-ion batteries, and electronic displays. Several exchanges of OSU and Michigan Tech students are planned to promote multidisciplinary education (microscopy, cellulose nanocrystals preparation, and computational mechanics). The PIs will recruit female and minority undergraduate research students through the Michigan Community College/University Partnership program at Michigan Tech and the Saturday Academy's Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering Program at OSU. The Michigan Tech PI will also participate in outreach activities for local high school female and underrepresented students during the Engineering Scholars Program at Michigan Tech. The Oregon State PI will increase local area awareness by providing lectures/discussions on Oregon State Public Radio. In-situ videos of microscopy experiments will also be made available to the community via YouTube©, ACS Chemical and Engineering News, and the NanoHuB© network.",,,,,,,,
1061078,Modeling of Internal Tides in Interaction with Sub-inertial Wind-Forced Flows in the Coastal Ocean,OCE,PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,3/15/11,3/7/11,Alexander Kurapov,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Eric C. Itsweire,2/29/12,"$73,396.00",,kurapov@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1610,,$0.00,"The proposed research focuses on modeling and dynamical analysis of shelf processes resulting from the combined action and interaction of internal tides and wind-forced ocean flows, with application to the summer upwelling regime on the Oregon shelf. The free-surface, primitive equation Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) will be implemented, forced simultaneously with tides and wind stress. Model findings will be corroborated by the analysis of time-series data from coastally based high frequency radars and moorings, including the data from the NSF-funded Coastal Ocean Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST) and Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) programs.<br/><br/>Intellectual merit. This study will provide new qualitative and quantitative information about both wind-driven flows and internal tides, relevant for the Oregon shelf and more generally for the coastal environment. Key issues to be explored will include (i) effects of sub-inertial wind-forced density and current variations associated with upwelling, on the generation, propagation, and dissipation of the internal tide, both semi-diurnal and diurnal (ii) quantitative understanding of internal tide intermittency and spatial variability, and (iii) importance of the tides for enhancing turbulence, mixing, drag, and affecting cross-shore transport. Model results will help identify areas of intensified internal tide along the Oregon coast, possibly guiding the design of future observational missions.<br/><br/>Broader impacts. This project is an important step toward the development of a comprehensive coastal model that accurately represent both low frequency wind and density driven flows, and higher frequency tidal flows. Such a modeling capability will be very useful to the broad community of oceanographers, providing a tool for (a) studying physics, chemistry, and biology, and across discipline interactions in the coastal ocean, (b) driving models describing biological variability on the shelf, and (c) planning new observational programs. Discussions and collaborations between the modeling and observational oceanographic communities will be facilitated, for their mutual benefit. New modeling and assimilation technologies will be integrated into the operational observing systems along the U.S. coasts, serving broad public needs (national security, pollution transport, search and rescue, fisheries, recreation, education). The graduate student supported by this project will be trained to become an expert on coastal ocean modeling and data assimilation using state-of-the-art methods and technologies.",,,,,,,,
1322234,Oceanographic Instrumentation 2013,OCE,OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION,4/15/13,7/7/13,David O Gorman,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,James S. Holik,3/31/15,"$45,000.00",,dave@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5413,,$0.00,"A request is made to fund new and replacement instrumentation on the R/V Oceanus, a 177? research vessel operated by Oregon State University as part of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) research fleet.<br/><br/>The R/V Oceanus is a general-purpose research vessel owned by the National Science Foundation and operated by Oregon State University. The mission of the ship is to support funded science research in the Pacific Northwest. RV Oceanus completed 139 days in 2012, 111 (80%) of which were for NSF. In 2013, the vessel is scheduled to sail has 182 days with 70% (127 days) of the schedule for NSF. With this proposal, OSU provides technical descriptions and rationale for the acquisition of the following Oceanographic Instrumentation:<br/>1) Work Horse ADCP Board Replacement: $8000<br/>2) Slip Ring Upgrade: $10,500<br/>3) CTD Connector Upgrade: $26,500<br/>Total: $45,000<br/><br/>Broader Impacts<br/><br/>The principal impact of the present proposal is under criterion two of the Proposal Guidelines. They provide infrastructure support for scientists to use the vessel and its shared-use instrumentation in support of their NSF-funded oceanographic research projects (which individually undergo separate review by the relevant research program of NSF). The acquisition, maintenance and operation of shared-use instrumentation allows NSF-funded researchers from any US university or lab access to working, calibrated instruments for their research, reducing the cost of that research, and expanding the base of potential researchers.",,,,,,,,
1230974,2012 Shipboard Scientific Support Equipment,OCE,SHIPBOARD SCIENTIFIC SUPP EQUI,7/15/12,7/19/13,Stewart Lamerdin,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,James S. Holik,6/30/14,"$104,523.00",,slamerdin@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5416,,$0.00,"ABSTRACT <br/><br/>21 May 2012<br/>Proposal Number: 1230974<br/>Institution: Oregon State University<br/>PI: D. Bailey<br/><br/>This proposal requests three Shipboard Scientific Support Equipment (SSSE) items for Oregon State University?s R/V OCEANUS; namely Asset Management Software, Electronic Charting System (ECS) enhancements, and a new cable lubricating system. These items will improve navigational safety, enhance utility to science, and improve the overall maintenance and operational efficiency of the vessel.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: The R/V OCEANUS supports federally-funded scientific research in the Pacific in order to expand human knowledge of the ocean environment. During operations, the vessel routinely exposes graduate and undergraduate students to seagoing oceanography. Pubic outreach is also achieved through real-time satellite connectivity from ship to shore, and open house events. The OCEANUS is scheduled to complete one hundred and thirty four (134) NSF sponsored days in 2012.",,,,,,,,
1340665,Developing Diagnostics for Vibrio Coralliilyticus and Coral Vibriosis,OISE,Catalyzing New Intl Collab,12/1/13,9/11/13,Claudia Hase,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,R. Clive Woods,11/30/14,"$63,364.00",,hasec@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,O/D,7299,"5912, 5978",$0.00,"This project will catalyze new collaborative research on pathogenic marine vibrios between Dr. Claudia Hase at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and Dr. David Bourne of the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in Townsville, Australia. The long-term goal of this collaboration is a better understanding of the role and ecology of Vibrio bacteria associated with coral disease. The research objectives of this visit are to examine the feasibility of methods developed by Dr. Hase to detect certain enzymes from Vibrio coralliilyticus. V. tubiashii has recently caused devastating losses in shellfish larvae production in the Pacific Northwest of the US and Dr. Hase has shown that a secreted metalloprotease is a critical factor for the toxicity of V. tubiashii. Dr. Bourne reported that a 99% similar enzyme of V. coralliilyticus is critical for coral bleaching and outlined the urgent need for better diagnostic tools for coral disease. Rapid and specific detection of pathogenic bacteria and their toxins in natural waters and diseased corals is paramount to better understand disease causation and to provide early warning allowing reef managers to mitigate the effect of disease outbreaks. Thus, this collaboration will benefit a broad range of marine research activities.<br/><br/>The broader impacts of this proposed work include providing support for an OSU student to travel with the PI to AIMS and current students in the Bourne lab will participate in the proposed work. The described project provides excellent educational opportunities for students as most of the proposed experiments are straightforward and are well suited for the engagement of students in the scientific process.",,,,,,,,
1233003,Doctoral Dissertation Research: Understanding the Relationship Between Cosmic Ray Intensity and the Magnetic Field: A Case Study During the Most Recent Magnetic Reversal,BCS,GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL SCIENCES,9/1/12,8/29/12,Peter Clark,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Sunil Narumalani,2/28/15,"$16,000.00",Andrea Balbas,clarkp@onid.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,SBE,1352,"1352, 9179, SMET, 1304, 9198",$0.00,"This doctoral dissertation project is about quantifying the shielding affects of the geomagnetic field and how it protects earth's surface from the bombardment of cosmic rays. Cosmogenic nuclides (CN) are used to delimit rates of geomorphic processes and to assess spatial and temporal variability of paleoclimatic events, and are therefore a crucial tool in paleoclimatic reconstruction. Their usefulness is limited, however, by how well CN production rates are known. Currently, the spatial variability of 'scalers' used to determine surface exposure dates are controlled largely by latitude and altitude. However, it is widely accepted that these two variables do not accurately account for the dynamic character of earth's magnetic field and its resulting modulation of CN production rates. This study will develop a strategy to quantify the relationship between CN production rates and magnetic field strength associated with the Matuyama-Brunhes reversal. This will provide a unique evaluation of the sensitivity of environmental change rates to a time when the magnetic field strength virtually disappeared. Data will be extracted from the minerals found in basalt. Each layer of basalt within a sequence of lava flows records both the orientation of the magnetic field as well as the absolute paleo-intensity of the field during the time of formation. In addition, each layer contains enough potassium to determine the time of eruption with Ar-Ar dating. The strategy that will be used involves the construction of a time series of CN paleo-production rates by measuring concentrations of the cosmogenic nuclide 3He in olivine as a function of age determined by 40Ar-39Ar dates in layered basalt formations that span the reversal. Analysis of these concentrations will help determine if changes in the cosmic ray flux related to the Matuyama-Brunhes magnetic reversal can be defined from variations in CN concentrations. <br/><br/>Efforts to understand global environmental change are limited by the understanding of paleoclimatic events and their pacing. CN surface exposure dating is widely used to define the scale and pacing of such geomorphic processes, which are a key indicator of climate change. An enhanced understanding of regional CN production rates will help better define the pacing of change. In addition, the scientific community has yet to define how geomagnetic reversals impact the surface of the planet by way of increased cosmic radiation. The magnetosphere is earth's primary shield against cosmic radiation and one of the results of this project may be a better definition of whether cosmic radiation associated with reversals is hazardous. In addition, determining the geographic character of the magnetic field during times of magnetic reversal and any associated impacts on biological or human activity ranging from disruption in migration patterns of multiple species to disruption in human air travel is of great value to society. Experiences and data collected during this research project will be used for public outreach programs in Oregon and incorporated into a program for the Boys and Girls Club in the western Oregon area. The program goal is to expose middle and secondary school children to scientists working on research projects and inspire them to work towards careers as scientists. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this project will provide support to enable a promising graduate student from an under-represented group to establish an independent research career.",,,,,,,,
1333930,Collaborative Research: Measuring Information Content of the Artifacts of Early Design,CMMI,ENGINEERING DESIGN AND INNOVAT,9/1/13,7/30/13,Chiradeep Sen,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Christiaan Paredis,3/31/15,"$130,575.00",,chiradeep.sen@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1464,"067E, 068E, 6855",$0.00,"The objective of this collaborative research project is to measure the information content of different artifacts used in early design no matter how the design is described, and also to study the growth of information, or reduction of uncertainty, in the early stages of engineering design. Information of various types is produced and used in design, and each may be expressed in different forms, such as pictures, text, symbols, or animation. A general design representation is being developed to translate any type of design information into a neutral form. Second, metrics are being created to measure the information content of artifacts based on this neutral representation, along with tools to quantify the information content of designs. Models developed on an earlier project will be used to validate the information metrics by experimentally measuring how information within different designs, as measured by the metrics, can reduce design uncertainty. <br/><br/>If successful, this research will transform the methods for control and evaluation of engineering design projects. With information measurable in the context of decisions, computer tools and formal methods could be built to measure the progress of design projects in terms of the information used and decisions made, rather than the more indirect metrics used today, such as time elapsed or money spent. This research will stimulate new research into the understanding and measurement of the ""state of knowledge"" of a design team. By having a way to measure knowledge state, it could be possible to quantify the designer's knowledge gain throughout a design project, which could lead to new tools and methods for evaluating a design team's capability in retaining and reusing knowledge between projects, and for objectively assessing the learning curves of student design teams. The findings of this research will be integrated into design-related courses at both Texas State University and Oregon State University in order to improve students' appreciation for ""learning by doing"" and give them a better feel for the complexity of decision-making in engineering design.",,,,,,,,
1265970,Planning Grant: I/UCRC for e-Design: IT Enabled Design and Realization of Engineered Products and Systems,IIP,INDUSTRY/UNIV COOP RES CENTERS,3/15/13,3/7/13,Irem Tumer,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Lawrence A. Hornak,2/28/14,"$14,380.00",Robert Stone,irem.tumer@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,5761,"5761, 8043",$0.00,"A new site is to be planned at Oregon State University for the Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (I/UCRC) for e-Design. The I/UCRC for e-Design conducts research that supports a new design paradigm for the development of engineered products and systems that allows customer driven design and product realization and virtual simulation and prototyping that encompasses the entire product life cycle. The planned Oregon State site will complement the existing center?s activities through focus in the following areas: 1) optimization of products and systems, 2) failure, reliability, and robustness analysis; 3) early stage design theories and methodologies, 4) manufacturing and lifecycle analysis, 5) cost and choice modeling; 6) design for sustainability; 7) computational design; and 8) design innovation education.<br/><br/>The e-Design center addresses an area central to the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing. The center site at Oregon State University has the potential to further expand the diversity of member companies in the overall center and expose all member firms to a broader base of discovery in the e-Design area. Results of the site?s research efforts will be integrated into the educational curriculum in design, modeling and simulation, decision analysis, and optimization. Student engagement in center work will include laboratory and field studies, attendance of and presentations at interdisciplinary conferences and workshops, a design colloquium series, participation in interdisciplinary activities and journal publications, as well as training in the ethical conduct of research. The addition of Oregon State University to the Center contributes to the diversity of the Center, with the leadership team and 30% of participating faculty being women, typically underrepresented in engineering.",,,,,,,,
1137272,US-Pakistani Developing Collaboration on the Current Estimation and Future Prediction of Micro-hydro Power Potential: Response to a Changing Environment,OISE,Catalyzing New Intl Collab,8/1/11,7/16/11,Kendra Sharp,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Osman Shinaishin,7/31/13,"$49,980.00",David Hill,kendra.sharp@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,O/D,7299,"5943, 5976",$0.00,"1137272 <br/>This project supports a cooperative research project by Dr. Kendra Sharp, Oregon State University, Corvallis and Dr. Ahmed Sohail and others at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST) in Islamabad, Pakistan. They plan to study The PI will conduct preliminary research in collaboration with. They plan to work on finding the parameters that influence the success of micro-hydro power systems, especially for Pakistan where water networks depend on snow melting and rapid flow because of topographical features. They plan to develop the results into a full research proposal to be submitted to NSF or to the US-Pakistan S&T program funded by the State Department. The long-term research objective and expected long-term scientific contribution, is to develop scientific tools for the assessment of current and future small-scale hydro power potential in a defined region with an emphasis on the response to changing (decadal scale) climate. While Pakistan is the specific geographic focus of the proposed work, the present proposal could be viewed as a template for the study of other regions as well.<br/><br/>Intellectual merit: The PI has correctly identified a need for undertaking long-term assessment of micro-hydroelectric potential, and proposes activities for providing technical support to undertake such an assessment. She has the necessary background to undertake the proposed activities, and she has demonstrated experience working in Pakistan very recently, and has developed contacts that are necessary to completing the project. The expertise of Sharp and Sohail are complementary, to perform preliminary analysis and long-term evaluation of micro-hydroelectric power potential in Pakistan, seeking sufficient and spatially high-resolution regional data regarding spatial and temporal variation in precipitation and temperature. They want to eventually map locations of all potential micro-hydro sites in Pakistan. Micro-hydro is an important technology in the developing world, especially in mountainous regions such as northern Pakistan, Nepal and Afghanistan. The proposal is timely and points out the complexity of pinpointing micro-hydro sites, including the effect of climate change on water resources and their distribution. <br/><br/>Broader impacts: The project would support of graduate and undergraduate training, help develop a collaborative relationship between OSU and NUST with the potential for ongoing exchange of students and faculty. The project includes outreach in terms of a workshop, and can add to educational material for use in undergraduate or graduate education at OSU. The students could get some interesting experience. It will bring together, in an educational context, aspects of the study of climate change effects and renewable energy. The impact of electricity availability would be significant to the affected populations.",,,,,,,,
1114255,Collaborative Research: Research: Zoo And Aquarium Action Research Collaborative (ZAARC),DRL,AISL,9/1/11,7/1/13,John Falk,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Arlene M. de Strulle,8/31/14,"$166,568.00",,falkj@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,7259,"9177, SMET",$0.00,"The Zoo and Aquarium Action Research Collaborative research project targets zoo and aquarium staff with a cascading action research model meant to build the capacity of the informal science education field to conduct research on visitor learning. Research questions focus around the experiences of participating zoo and aquarium staff in conducting action research on visitor experiences and how they use the information from that research to improve and develop educational programs. <br/><br/>In the first year of the project, zoo and aquarium staff will implement a well validated educational activity with visitors to their institutions and learn how to develop and implement action research in their context. In the second year of the project, zoo and aquarium staff will take their new skills in action research and develop their own questions to investigate visitor learning in their own organizational settings. Project staff will train zoo and aquarium staff in action research, provide technical assistance and facilitate collaboration among the sites and staff. This project will contribute to learning in the field about models for professional development and how to develop the research capacity of ISE staff. Partners in this project include TERC and Oregon State University and sites are situated in zoos and aquariums in six states including CA, MO, MA, AZ, MD and WA. At each of these institutions approximately 15 senior staff will participate in the professional development. Evalaution of the project will focus on the learning that is generated about collaborative models for action research and the impact on ISE staff of participating in action research as professional development. Methods for the evaluation will include surveys and interviews with participants, observations, document review and site visits. <br/><br/>Outcomes of the project include increased capacity for zoo and aquarium staff to conduct research on visitor learning, case studies of collaborative action research projects that will be disseminated widely through workshops and conferences, and research papers presented at conferences and published.",,,,,,,,
1059924,Collaborative Research: Expedition 322 Objective Research on Sediment-Pore Water Interactions Controlling Sediment Cementation and Deformation in the NanTroSEIZE Drilling Transect,OCE,OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM,4/1/11,4/1/11,Marta Torres,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas Janecek,3/31/14,"$136,510.00",,mtorres@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5720,"0000, 5720, OTHR",$0.00,"Cementation affects the mechanical properties that control sediment strength and deformation. A small volume of grain coating cement can greatly increase sediment strength. Therefore, even minor cementation may affect consolidation in basins and control deformation in accretionary margins. The effects of grain-coating silica cement on the physical properties of sediment on the Philippine Sea plate as it approaches the Nankai Trough subduction zone in the central and southwestern portions of the Shikoku Basin were documented by previous work on samples from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 297 and Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1173 and 1177. At these sites, a small amount of glass disseminated throughout hemipelagic sediment is altered to a silica gel upon burial. The gel coats grain contacts, and inhibits sediment consolidation. The cemented sediment has anomalous porosity, seismic velocity, and rigidity. With further burial, onset of tectonic deformation, and increasing temperature, cement dissolution and mechanical breakdown leads to dramatic reduction in rigidity and collapse of the sediment framework (i.e. porosity loss). How do differences in sediment thermal history, fluid flow, and pore water chemistry between sites control shifts in the location and extent of the cemented zone? How does the incorporation of cemented units with transient properties into the margin wedge influence the nature and distribution of deformation? Toward answers to these questions, the silica cement distribution at IODP Sites C0011 and C0012 will be determined, and multicomponent reactive transport modeling for Sites C0011, C0012, 1173, and 1177 will be performed. The shear-wave velocity of samples from NanTroSEIZE drilling sites C0011 and C0012 will be determined to locate regions of anomalous strengthening. The four sites selected for examining sediment-pore water interactions provide a range of sediment accumulation and thermal histories. The results will allow examination of the effects of fluid flow rate and thermal state on the vertical location and extent of silica cementation in the Shikoku Basin sediments. The proposed investigation addresses one of the main goals of the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE); to determine how geologic differences affect mechanical properties, permeability, fluid flow, pore pressure, shear strength, and earthquake rupture processes within the Nankai margin. The proposed study may transform our understanding of accretionary margin processes by shedding light on a previously underappreciated control on wedge deformation. By examining processes that control cementation of sediment entering a subduction zone, the proposed research has societal relevance as it advances understanding of the mechanisms at play in potentially hazardous seismogenic margins. Deformation features control fluid drainage through a margin wedge. Therefore, sediment cementation and deformation impact margin hydrogeology and fluid pressure, which are related to strain accumulation and seismicity on the plate interface. The proposed research will be of interest to seismologists, geochemists, and hydrogeologists. This work enhances human resources by funding a graduate student at New Mexico Tech (NMT), a Hispanic-Serving Institution. The proposed project will enhance facilities used for both research and teaching at NMT. Outreach efforts include dissemination of seismogenic zone processes through The SMILE program at Oregon State University (http://smile.oregonstate.edu/), and through an ongoing Adult Education program at COAS (http://literacyworks.org/ocean/). In addition, the Pi?fs will work with the COSEE?]Pacific Partnerships (www.coseepacificpartnerships.org) by participating in one of their ?gscience pub nights?h in Newport, OR discussing earthquake related processes around the Pacific Rim.",,,,,,,,
1138699,"Collaborative Research: RAPID - Post-Disaster Structural Data Collection Following the 11 March 2011 Tohoku, Japan Tsunami",CMMI,"COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH, NEES RESEARCH",7/15/11,7/6/11,Michael Olsen,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Joy Pauschke,6/30/12,"$13,688.00",Solomon Yim,michael.olsen@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,"7298, 7396","036E, 038E, 043E, 151E, 1576, 5921, 5978, 7914, 8016",$0.00,"The tsunami triggered by the 11 March 2011 magnitude 9.0 earthquake off Tohoku, Japan, created widespread structural damage in cities along the Japanese coastline. Careful documentation of flow depth and structural response resulting from this tsunami will provide data that can be used to validate tsunami inundation models and corresponding methodologies for calculating structural response due to the inundation. The primary objective of this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award is to collect time sensitive impact data in Japan from this March 2011 tsunami that will soon be lost, as buildings and infrastructure in the affected areas are repaired or demolished. The investigation team includes researchers and students from the University of Hawaii and Oregon State University. This study will focus on collecting detailed, localized data in several of the most severely damaged areas of the coastline in the Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures, rather than a general survey of all of the inundation areas, which has been undertaken by other local and international reconnaissance teams. Through this award, the reconnaissance team will collect high resolution, ground based LIDAR data. The LIDAR data will be used to generate virtual models that can be queried for measurements such as flow depths, observed maximum run-up, and scour depths at key sites. These will be complemented with manual measurements and analysis of videos and photographs. The LIDAR data will also provide detailed dimensional data for the structures to be studied. The focus in specific areas of study will provide the data needed for validation of the tsunami inundation model. Furthermore, the structural properties of both damaged structures and undamaged structures will be used to determine hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and impact forces applied during the tsunami inundation. This field reconnaissance will help resolve several key questions in the tsunami design provisions regarding flow velocities and momentum of tsunami bores and/or wave surges over land and scouring, as well as gain information on overarching questions on risk-based design criteria and the ultimate capabilities of structures to resist a maximum credible tsunami. This team will coordinate reconnaissance activities with the UNESCO-led International Tsunami Survey Team. <br/><br/>Such data are important for understanding how to design buildings to resist earthquakes and tsunamis for public safety. Many parts of the United States and other places in the world that face similar hazards will benefit from such discoveries, which will help shape building design codes, which are important for public safety. These new standards, validated by information collected on this project, could also provide data in the near future to assist Japan in the recovery phase of their disaster stricken coastal areas. This project will also enable graduate students to observe sites impacted by tsunamis and learn from this event so that they will be better prepared to lead future generations of engineers in reducing seismic and tsunami risk.",,,,,,,,
1141330,Developing a Computational Physics Lab Integrated with Upper-division Physics Content,DUE,"S-STEM:SCHLR SCI TECH ENG&MATH, TUES-Type 1 Project",6/1/12,5/15/12,David Roundy,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,R. Corby Hovis,5/31/15,"$124,236.00",,roundyd@physics.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,"1536, 7513","9178, SMET",$0.00,"An upper-division computational physics course is being developed which runs parallel to and in synchrony with the existing junior-year physics courses that are being developed within the ""Paradigms in Physics"" project at Oregon State University (OSU). <br/><br/>Computation in physics courses is commonly treated in one of two ways. Either students run existing simulations in order to aid their understanding of physics, or physics examples are introduced ad hoc as applications of the numerical methods that students are learning to use in performing their own computations. While both of these approaches have value, this project serves to create a course that teaches students physics by having them create their own computations within the context of upper division courses. To this end, a project-driven laboratory experience in computational physics (utilizing course-integrated Python oriented modules) is introduced at an advanced level. In this laboratory course, students are learning to use important computational tools in the same manner as a professional physicist. In view of the importance of computation to the professional scientist, the course seeks to teach at a level that is accessible to all physics majors, with particular care taken for those who are least comfortable using computers.<br/><br/>This project is producing a set of six computational laboratory modules (with corresponding curricular materials) that are being evaluated and made available for use at other colleges and universities. Although the content is tailored and organized to fit the junior-year curriculum at OSU, the materials are designed to be sufficiently modular so as to be readily incorporated into the upper-division physics curriculum at other colleges and universities. Workshops are being developed for AAPT national meetings that will directly increase the visibility of these computational modules for other users.",,,,,,,,
1128715,Scalable and Synthesizable Analog Circuits for Nanometer CMOS,ECCS,"COMMS, CIRCUITS & SENS SYS",9/1/11,7/19/11,Un-Ku Moon,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,George Haddad,8/31/14,"$360,000.00",Nima Maghari,moon@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,7564,106E,$0.00,"ECCS-1128715<br/>PI: Un-Ku Moon <br/>Institution: Oregon State University<br/>Title: Scalable and Synthesizable Analog Circuits for Nanometer CMOS<br/><br/>ABSTRACT<br/><br/>Intellectual Merit: Analog-to-digital converters are a mixture of analog circuits and digital blocks. The analog portion of such analog-intensive blocks requires careful design, layout, and are often the main source of power consumption and chip area. The objective of this research is to develop such analog-intensive blocks with all digital cells and automatically generate the final chip design and layout using digital synthesis tools such as Verilog. Instead of combating the challenges brought forth by the new nanometer processes, this work seeks to analyze and take advantage of these non-ideal effects. Problems such as increased offset and reduced intrinsic gain of the minimum size transistor will be addressed, and new approaches at both system and circuit levels will be explored to overcome these issues. Different structures such as stochastic analog-to-digital converter and oversampling delta-sigma modulator will be explored. Semi-analog blocks such as inverter-based integrator that would either be synthesized via existing synthesis tool (e.g. Verilog) or newly developed automatic synthesis tools will be explored. By synthesizing semi-analog and digital blocks, the proposed research will further enable highly integrated analog-intensive blocks for the next generation nanometer processes. Proficient high level modeling of blocks via synthesis tools allows fast simulation and verification, and effortless migration to another process, alleviating the typical brute-force redesigning tasks required in traditional analog-intensive blocks. A readily available synthesized digital signal processing system is also expected to further enhance the performance of these new synthesizable analog functioning digital structures.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: The design methodology that will emerge from this research merges both the analog and digital functionality in the automatic synthesis of a system from a software program to an integrated circuit realization. Such combined optimization of analog and digital signal processing, as incorporated into undergraduate and graduate education, will reshape the way students approach chip design challenges. Such foundation will provide and push students to seek solutions from a much wider perspective before making the final design decisions. This training will lead to well-rounded and innovative future engineers who are well versed in both digital and analog aspects of chip design. The research results to be disseminated in prestigious journals and conferences will expose and educate the public at large and further motivate these new concepts to be investigated by other researchers. Also, the enabling ideas explored in this proposal will directly affect most portable and stationary systems, which are important segments of the microelectronics market today. The ability to automatically synthesize data converters with all-digital blocks may allow the use of these structures in digital processors, medical and bio-medical integrated circuits, and other important systems utilizing analog-to-digital interface and digital signal processing, significantly lowering the cost of integrated circuit systems.",,,,,,,,
1230900,EAGER-Training Chief Scientists for the Ocean Research of Tomorrow: A Continuation,OCE,SHIP OPERATIONS,3/15/12,3/8/12,Clare Reimers,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Rose Dufour,2/28/15,"$151,626.00",,creimers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5411,7916,$0.00,"This project will be conducted by Clare Reimers of Oregon State University <br/>and plans to utilize US academic research vessels, R/Vs New Horizon and Endeavor, for two training program cruises involving 14 participants per cruise. Members of the UNOLS Office and an impressive number of scientists from throughout the oceanographic community also will contribute to the effort as either at sea mentors, workshop speakers, or lenders of equipment.",,,,,,,,
1142184,"Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica",PLR,ANTARCTIC EARTH SCIENCES,9/1/12,5/22/12,Joseph Levy,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Alexandra Isern,6/30/13,"$374,269.00","W. Berry Lyons, Andrew Fountain",joe.levy@utexas.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5112,,$0.00,"Intellectual Merit: <br/>The PIs propose to quantify the hillslope water, solute, and carbon budgets for Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, using water tracks to investigate near-surface geological processes and challenge the paradigm that shallow groundwater is minimal or non-exixtant. Water tracks are linear zones of high soil moisture that route shallow groundwater downslope in permafrost dominated soils. Four hypotheses will be tested: 1) water tracks are important pathways for water and solute transport; 2) water tracks transport more dissolved silica than streams in Taylor Valley indicating they are the primary site of chemical weathering for cold desert soils and bedrock; 3) water tracks that drain highland terrains are dominated by humidity-separated brines while water tracks that drain lowland terrains are dominated by marine aerosols; 4) water tracks are the sites of the highest terrestrial soil carbon concentrations and the strongest CO2 fluxes in Taylor Valley and their carbon content increases with soil age, while carbon flux decreases with age. To test these hypotheses the PIs will carry out a suite of field measurements supported by modeling and remote sensing. They will install shallow permafrost wells in water tracks that span the range of geological, climatological, and topographic conditions in Taylor Valley. Multifrequency electromagnetic induction sounding of the upper ~1 m of the permafrost will create the first comprehensive map of soil moisture in Taylor Valley, and will permit direct quantification of water track discharge across the valley. The carbon contents of water track soils will be measured and linked to global carbon dynamics.<br/><br/>Broader impacts: <br/>Non-science majors at Oregon State University will be integrated into the proposed research through a new Global Environmental Change course focusing on the scientific method in Antarctica. Three undergraduate students, members of underrepresented minorities, will be entrained in the research, will contribute to all aspects of field and laboratory science, and will present results at national meetings.",,,,,,,,
1246881,RAPID: Learning from the Development of an On-Line CS Degree,IIS,,10/1/12,9/17/12,Terri Fiez,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Sylvia J. Spengler,9/30/14,"$34,999.00",,terri@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,L122,"1709, 170E, 7914, 7967",$0.00,"The U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics projects that 3 out of every 4 new jobs in science and engineering will be in computing fields through 2018. This corresponds to nearly 1,000,000 jobs in computing over the 2008-2018 time span. Meanwhile, the number of computer science and engineering graduates nationally is approximately 15,000 each year - falling well short of the future job needs. One solution to bridging this gap is to focus on creating opportunities for the underemployed and unemployed graduates to align their skills to opportunities that exist in computing. Oregon State University recently announced a new program to do exactly that. They are launching a new on-line post baccalaureate degree in Computer Science where students can earn a second Bachelor of Science degree in as short as one year without relocating. The process of developing this degree program has already presented many new challenges. These topics and others are common to programs as they move to more remote delivery formats. The team intends to capture its journey developing this program. The team will capture the steps taken, what worked and what did not. As on-line education is taking off nationally and becoming more mainstream, capturing lessons learned from one program can help inform others as they move into this new paradigm of education.",,,,,,,,
1210904,DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Disease Invasion Dynamics: Brucella abortus and Mycobacterium bovis in African Buffalo,DEB,POP & COMMUNITY ECOL PROG,6/1/12,6/6/12,Anna Jolles,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Alan James Tessier,5/31/14,"$12,480.00",Erin Gorsich,jollesa@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,1182,"1182, 9179, SMET, 9169,",$0.00,"Interactions between co-infecting pathogens are common in wildlife populations and each pathogen has the potential to affect one another?s transmission. In African buffalo, disease interactions may have important social and economic consequences because buffalo are the main reservoirs of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis. Both brucellosis and tuberculosis are bacterial infections that cause significant morbidity during spill-over infections to cattle in areas surrounding wildlife preserves, such as on the borders of Kruger National Park, South Africa. Bovine tuberculosis was only recently introduced into Kruger National Park's buffalo population in the 1980s, so its effects on both the buffalo population as well as on brucellosis transmission are unknown. Bovine tuberculosis may reduce the spread of brucellosis if it causes increased mortality in co-infected animals or may increase the spread of brucellosis if the immune suppression it causes enhances the transmission of brucellosis. This project aims to understand how the immune-suppression and increased mortality caused by Bovine tuberculosis affect brucellosis transmission. The project will combine immunological tools to investigate pathogen interactions in individual buffalo, with mathematical models to scale up from individual hosts to predict population scale consequences for disease transmission in buffalo. <br/><br/>This project will foster stronger linkage between veterinarians and ecologists through collaborations, and outreach in Africa and at the veterinary school at Oregon State University. Understanding the mechanisms and consequences of wildlife disease interactions requires integration between these fields as they offer different perspectives and techniques. Results from this project will have practical implications for management of wildlife diseases in general and for predicting the consequences of new pathogens in their wildlife reservoirs.",,,,,,,,
1204204,"Data-Model Synthesis: Gulf of Alaska Sea-Surface Paleotemperature, Freshwater Input, and the Dynamics of Deglacial Climate Variability",OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,7/1/12,7/5/12,Alan Mix,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Candace O. Major,6/30/15,"$530,000.00","Fredrick Prahl, Andreas Schmittner-Boesch",mix@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"1304, 1620, EGCH, OTHR",$0.00,"The high-latitude North Pacific is a key region for understanding past changes in the ocean-climate system, yes it remains understudied and undersampled compared to similarly important regions of the global oceans. Attempts to model the North Pacific region at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have produced divergent results, and currently no comprehensive paleoceanographic records exist to verify model output.<br/><br/>To address this problem, this study will investigate North Pacific sea surface temperature and upper ocean changes at the LGM using a combined multi-proxy and multi-model synthesis approach. The project, led by faculty members at Oregon State University in collaboration with researchers in Portugal, will leverage sediment cores from previous field campaigns to obtain proxy data. The use of multiple proxies (oxygen isotopes, foraminiferal and diatom assemblages, Mg/Ca from planktonic foraminifera, clumped isotope analysis, and alkenone paleothermometry) will help to resolve inconsistencies and avoid biases produced by single-proxy reconstructions. Multi-proxy data will be compared with a synthesis of multiple models to establish constraints on the behavior of the North Pacific at the LGM. <br/><br/>This work will produce a better understanding of North Pacific ocean-climate dynamics that are relevant to regional policy concerns (e.g., Alaskan glacier melt, changes affecting North Pacific fisheries). The project includes workforce development and mentoring at a wide range of levels, including post-doctoral associates in Portugal, a PhD student at OSU, an OSU undergraduate student from an underrepresented minority group, and high school students through the OSU Saturday Academy and NSF's Research Apprenticeships for High School Students program. OSU faculty members will work with National Park Service representatives to incorporate project results into outreach materials for three Alaskan National Parks and the NPS Climate Change Response program.",,,,,,,,
1116293,Oceanographic Instrumentation 2011,OCE,OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION,6/1/11,5/25/11,Daryl Swensen,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,James S. Holik,5/31/12,"$39,300.00",,dswensen@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5413,,$0.00,"A request is made to fund additional and back-up instrumentation on the R/V Wecoma, a 185? general purpose research vessel operated by Oregon State University as part of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System research fleet. The vessel is owned by the National Science Foundation. The request includes:<br/><br/>1) GPS Based Network Time Server<br/>2) Multicorer Refurbishment<br/>3) Acoustic Testing on R/V WECOMA<br/>4) Double-Rate Pingers<br/><br/>Broader Impacts:<br/> The principal impact of the present proposal is under criterion two, providing infrastructure support for scientists to use the vessel and its shared-use instrumentation in support of their NSF-funded oceanographic research projects (which individually undergo separate review by the relevant research program of NSF). The acquisition, maintenance and operation of shared-use instrumentation allows NSF-funded researchers from any US university or lab access to working, calibrated instruments for their research, reducing the cost of that research, and expanding the base of potential researcher.",,,,,,,,
1343573,Collaborative Research: Improved Constraints on Holocene Retreat History of the Laurentide and Scandinavian Ice Sheets from Cosmogenic Dating and Implications for Sea-level Rise,EAR,SEDIMENTARY GEO & PALEOBIOLOGY,4/1/13,6/19/13,Anders Carlson,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,H. Richard Lane,4/30/14,"$129,505.00",,acarlson@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,7459,,$0.00,"Collaborative Research: Improved constraints on Holocene retreat history of the Laurentide and Scandinavian Ice Sheets from cosmogenic dating and implications for sea-level rise<br/><br/>Anders E. Carlson (U. of Wisconsin-Madison) EAR-0958872 <br/>Peter U. Clark (Oregon State U.) EAR-0958714<br/><br/>ABSTRACT<br/>A major objective of ice sheet and climate research is to understand the responses of ice sheets to climate change. Ascertaining the past rates of ice-sheet retreat and contributions to sea-level rise under climate that was naturally warmer than present provides context for the future Greenland Ice-Sheet response to global warming. Here, this research team proposes to improve the deglacial chronologies and investigate retreat rates of the Laurentide (LIS) and Scandinavian (SIS) Ice Sheets during the early to mid-Holocene (<11.7 ka), a period of time that provides an excellent natural experiment where these terrestrial ice sheets deglaciated under a climate warmer than present but potentially similar to the end of this century. This project proposes to directly date the retreat of the southeastern and eastern LIS margins and the southern, eastern, and northern SIS margins during the early to mid-Holocene using in situ cosmogenic surface exposure ages, significantly improving the chronology for the largest of the LIS domes and the majority of the SIS. The resulting chronologies will be combined with already existing cosmogenic chronologies from western Quebec, northeastern Labrador and southern Finland, and existing minimum limiting radiocarbon dates and varve records. These data will allow calculations of LIS and SIS retreat rates and sea-level rise contributions during the early to mid-Holocene, with the remainder of sea-level rise largely attributable to the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The results will provide estimates of the natural rates at which ice sheets can melt under radiative forcing that may be analogous to the climate of the end of this century. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts<br/>Given that the greatest uncertainty in predicting future sea-level rise in response to global warming are the contributions from the remaining ice sheets, it is critical to constrain melt rates under warmer than present climates. Results of this research will provide climate scientists with estimates of the retreat rates and attendant sea-level rise contributions from terrestrial ice sheets under a climate naturally warmer than present. The information gained from this research will be of significant importance for policy decisions and of interest to a broad range of earth scientists and the public in general. This research proposal will support 2 Ph.D. students who will be exposed to a multi-disciplinary scientific approach that includes paleoclimatology, glacial geology, cosmogenic isotope geochemistry and paleoceanography. It will also provide support for an untenured, early career Assistant Professor furthering his academic career.",,,,,,,,
1266397,"Collaborative Proposal:Testing the Invasion Process: Survival, Dispersal, Genetic Characterization, and Attenuation of Marine Biota on the 2011 Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris Field",OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,12/1/12,11/21/12,Jessica Miller,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,11/30/14,"$89,153.00",John Chapman,Jessica.Miller@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,"7914, 9169",$0.00,"This project will examine marine organisms arriving on the US West Coast in association with floating marine debris from the March 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami in northern Japan. The volume of debris is large and has the potential to inaugurate a massive injection of foreign species. As an example, in June 2012, a single, 20 m-long floating dock dislodged from the port of Misawa on Honshu Island transported nearly 100 Asian species to the coast of Oregon. The PIs propose to gather data on species identity, population structure, reproductive condition, growth histories, genetics, and parasite/pathogen presence from the rafted biota. More than just an assessment of what is arriving, the work will be structured around evaluating a number of parameters important for understanding the potential for long-distance rafting and subsequent invasions. The PIs will also document genetic diversity, providing another perspective on invasions and, where the genes are novel to North America, providing a baseline for examining the spread of novel genes in a new environment. Under most circumstances, the dispersal of adult stages across large expanses of ocean is rare and therefore difficult to study. The large debris field from the tsunami provides a unique opportunity for these studies. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts: Biological invasions are a major driver of community and ecosystem change. The findings of this study will provide valuable information on invasion processes and potential, and in the short term will provide rapid, authoritative information on the species composition, traits, and abundance of invaders associated with the present debris field. The work will include an assessment of parasites and pathogens which could threaten native species.",,,,,,,,
1137986,Bathymetric Survey: Completion of Coverage of the Cascadia Subduction Zone in Support of the Cascadia Initiative OBS Array Deployment,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,6/1/11,2/14/14,Chris Goldfinger,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Candace O. Major,5/31/14,"$169,907.00",John Barth,gold@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, 1620, 7914, OTHR",$0.00,"As part of the 2009 ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act) spending, NSF?s Earth Sciences (EAR) and Ocean Sciences (OCE) divisions each received $5M in facility-related investment. The funds were targeted toward the creation of an Amphibious Array Facility to support EarthScope and MARGINS science objectives. The first of these studies will take place in Cascadia (offshore northern California, Oregon, Washington and southern British Columbia), where there is significant risk of a major subduction zone, ?megathrust? earthquake that will affect population centers including Vancouver, Seattle and Portland. With the primary aim of improving our understanding of seismicity and seismic risk in this region, 60 or more Ocean Bottom Seismographs (OBS) will be deployed across the region over a period of four years beginning in the summer of 2011. The recent earthquake and tsunami in northern Japan, a setting not unlike Cascadia, provide fresh impetus for this study. Good bathymetric data are essential for choosing OBS station locations. Because many of the deployments occur in and near active canyon systems and very seismically active areas, site selection will be difficult, and good bathymetric data are required to minimize the loss of instruments. The proposed cruise will fill in poor bathymetric coverage in Cascadia, particularly along the Washington and Canadian margins. In addition to its obvious contribution to the overall objective of the Cascadia Initiative, broader impacts of this effort include improvements in regional bathymetric coverage that will significantly improve our understanding of the Cascadia subduction margin, and have implications for seismic hazards in the western U.S. Additionally, the project will provide training and support for a graduate student.",,,,,,,,
1155849,Collaborative Research: Continuing a unique time-series of volcanic inflation at Axial Seamount,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,9/1/12,9/14/12,William Chadwick,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Barbara L. Ransom,8/31/14,"$116,391.00",,bill.chadwick@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, OTHR",$0.00,"Axial Volcano, a large submarine volcano sitting on the Juan de Fuca spreading ridge, 250 miles off the Oregon coast, is one of the three sites of a major NSF investment in ocean observing. Due to its association with an important and unique hydrothermal vent system and its propensity for erupting on what appears to be a decadal time scale, Axial has also been the site of a 15 year NSF/NOAA time-series study of submarine volcanic activity. Axial is also the first and only site where active volcanic inflation has been documented on the seafloor and used to successfully forecast the timing of the next eruption. During a routine visit to the volcano in July of 2011, it was discovered that Axial had once again erupted and spewed lava flows more than 2 kilometers wide and many kilometers long across the seafloor, causing the floor of the caldera to subside by more than 2 meters. This research supports the collection of geophysical and geodetic measurements on the volcanic edifice to measure the rate at which magma refills the emptied magma chamber inside the volcano. Innovative undersea surveying methods, using a combination of newly established benchmarks and bottom pressure recorders will be used to monitor the long-term vertical deformation of the volcano. Results of this work extend the present time-series and allow us to refine and test models of both the eruption cycle behavior and of submarine volcano shallow magma dynamics and rheology. It will also help to allow us to assess how predictably the volcano behaves over several eruption cycles. Insights from the project will have applications for in both undersea technological advances as well as improving our understanding of the behavior of mid-ocean ridge magmatic systems and undersea volcanic hazards. Broader impacts of the work include the development of new techniques that build infrastructure for science and developing a better understanding of submarine volcanic hazards.",,,,,,,,
1247003,RAPID: Continuous Measurement of Sediment Transport and Hydraulic Conditions in a Mountain Stream Prior to Wood Placement,EAR,GEOMORPHOLOGY & LAND USE DYNAM,7/1/12,6/22/12,Stephen Lancaster,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Jessica H. Robin,6/30/13,"$25,620.00",,stephen.lancaster@geo.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,7458,7914,$0.00,"This project will study river bedload transport dynamics prior to and following placement of large woody debris (LWD) in the Siuslaw National Forest in the Oregon Coast Range. The team will instrument bedload with passive integrated transponder tags and track their movements prior to emplacement of the LWD. Recent news that no other such projects are currently scheduled or proposed in this National Forest, in addition to the accessibility of the site, creates urgency and opportunity to capture the pre-emplacement sediment dynamics under a range of conditions. The study will (a) provide fundamental, and rare, information regarding bed material sediment transport in field conditions, information that will serve as a valuable reference point for evaluating sediment transport relations based on flume and engineered-stream studies; (b) address the sensitivities of mountain stream sediment transport to downstream debris characteristics and upstream supply limitations; and (c) determine whether grain-size dependence of transport is accentuated or dampened by debris and other channel irregularities.<br/><br/>This project will provide rarely obtained data that will inform not only theoretical understanding of sediment transport in mountain streams, but also stream restoration practitioners about the impacts of LWD placement. One application of LWD is for managing salmonid habitats. The team will interact with National Forest scientists and practitioners in the Pacific NW.",,,,,,,,
1155863,Tidal-Band and High-Frequency Internal Waves on the Inner Shelf,OCE,PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,2/15/12,2/21/12,John Barth,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Eric C. Itsweire,1/31/15,"$135,306.00",,barth@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1610,,$0.00,"This study will characterize and understand the variability of internal waves on the Oregon inner shelf through three analysis approaches using historical data, targeted high-frequency inner-shelf observations and realistic numerical model output. The historical data come from a 10+ year observational record of the central Oregon inner shelf collected by the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans, and a mid-shelf mooring maintained by the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems since 2007. Data include moored water-column velocity and water properties (temperature, salinity). The inner-shelf data set also includes a combination of high-frequency sampling in-situ moorings and Argus video remote sensing to capture the high-frequency nonlinear internal wave field around Yaquina Head, OR. Data from experiments conducted in summer 2010 and 2011 will be analyzed to establish the relationship between high-frequency internal motions on the inner shelf and offshore continental shelf processes (e.g. internal tides, buoyant plumes, upwelling fronts). Since moored observational records are necessarily limited in space, output from a hydrostatic, 3-dimensional numerical model (ROMS) with realistic bathymetry and forcing conditions will be analyzed in conjunction with the observational data to study the propagation and arrival of internal tides to the Oregon inner shelf.<br/><br/>The inner shelf is the last stretch of stratified coastal ocean and is potentially the termination point for internal waves. This study will investigate how various oceanic background conditions and external forcing induce temporal and spatial variability in internal wave evolution as they propagate across the shelf. This includes the effects of variable wind, stratification, subtidal currents, tidal forcing, and surface wave conditions. It will also provide estimates of how internal wave energy and potential mass transport to the inner shelf are modified by these background conditions. Because the internal tide is intermittent in time, complex demodulation or wavelet analysis will be used to isolate the internal tidal component from velocity and temperature data. Time series techniques (e.g., lagged correlations, empirical orthogonal functions) will be employed to explore a number of hypotheses of how inner-shelf internal tide energy relates to offshore processes, external forcing and background oceanic conditions.<br/><br/>Intellectual Merit: Internal waves are an important link connecting nearshore environments to offshore shelf circulation. With the extensive historical data record, tidal-band internal wave variability will be described for a wide range of background oceanic and forcing conditions over regions of both simple and complex topography. This work will uncover interannual variability in these mechanisms and begin to address the question of how these processes might change over time. Understanding these processes will also provide insight into locating regions of energy dissipation and mixing on the continental shelf. Lastly, the use of Argus technology will address the utility of shore-based video remote sensing to monitor high-frequency internal waves across the inner shelf.<br/><br/>Broader Impact: Understanding inner-shelf internal tides is of interest in marine ecology and biogeochemistry. For example, recruitment of intertidal invertebrates has been linked to internal tide events. Furthermore, the study region is near the entrance to the Yaquina river - an example of a small coastal estuary with active oyster farming and commercial fishing industries. Understanding the processes that determine the source water content to these estuaries is crucial for effective estuarine management especially as shelf waters have been found to be acidic and low in dissolved oxygen. Internal waves are often unresolved in coastal numerical models and collaborating with modelers will allow for a feedback between this research and the modeling community. Finally, this project primarily supports the dissertation research and scientific training of a graduate student.",,,,,,,,
1258213,HCC: Small: A Physical Vocabulary for Human-Robot Interaction,IIS,Cyber-Human Systems (CHS),6/1/12,5/9/13,William Smart,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Ephraim P. Glinert,8/31/13,"$97,098.00",,bill.smart@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7367,"7218, 7367, 7923, 9215, 9251, HPCC",$0.00,"We are the victims of our own success. We can now deploy mobile robots in real-world environments and have them operate completely autonomously for extended periods of time. We no longer have to surround our robots with graduate student wranglers to keep them functional, and to keep the general public at a safe distance. These technical successes mean that members of the general public must now interact directly with robots, without the aid of an interpreter. But members of the public are poorly equipped for such interactions, since they are unfamiliar with real robots and how they work. Thus, the interactions often go poorly; the robot is hindered in performing its task, and the human is unhappy. For people to be comfortable interacting with a robot, they must feel that they understand what it's thinking, what it's trying to do, and the actions that it will take. Moreover, people must be able to deduce this information from observing the robot for a short period of time, just as we do with other humans that we encounter. The fundamental problem here is that humans communicate a wealth of information by means of a non-verbal ""vocabulary"" in which body language (how we stand, how we hold our arms, etc.), eye contact, nods, and other subtle cues ostensibly not essential to the task at hand play significant roles. We do this naturally, and without conscious effort. Taken in context, this information allows us to infer another person's state of mind, goals, and intentions with surprising accuracy; this, in turn, allows us to predict how a given interaction will unfold, and gives us some control over it. Because people take this ability for granted, they suffer when it is absent, as is currently often the case when interacting with a mobile robot. The PI intends to address this deficiency in the current project. He argues that to make human-robot interactions as natural as possible, we must equip robots with our physical vocabulary and ensure that they use it appropriately, following social norms. To achieve this goal the PI will turn to the performing arts, where actors are trained to express themselves physically. A good actor can convey a vast amount of information about a character's state of mind, goals, and intentions by simply walking across the stage in a particular way. The actions may be styled, larger-than-life, or subtle, but they are intended to convey information about the character's internal mental state. The techniques that actors employ have been honed and refined for hundreds of years and tested for effectiveness on the general public. In this research, the PI will exploit such insights and skills to develop a physical vocabulary that can communicate beliefs, intentions, and goals to humans interacting with a robot, thereby enabling people to better predict the robot's actions. Finally, the PI will rigorously evaluate these actions to verify that they are actually useful. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts: Robots are becoming more and more a part of our lives, and members of the public will be forced to deal with them sooner or later. If we have an understanding of the physical aspects of these interactions, the integration of robots into our everyday lives will be made much less painful and distressing.",,,,,,,,
1149095,"RAPID: Collaborative Research: A Short, Open-Access 2D MCS Acquisition Program off Washington State",OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,6/1/12,5/7/12,Anne Trehu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Bilal U. Haq,5/31/13,"$13,797.00",,trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, 1620, 7914, 9150, OTHR",$0.00,"The great Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of 2011 has reminded us of the hazards to life and property that attend such events, and of the need for a focused scientific effort to understand both their causes and effects. Cascadia, which extends from northern California to southern British Columbia, will be the site of a future great earthquake that will affect a number of large metropolitan centers, including Seattle and Portland. The Cascadia Initiative is an effort to gain a better understanding of seismicity in the region that includes the deployment of an array of instruments both onshore and offshore. Several ancillary studies are also planned or under way; one such study is a sophisticated 3D (three dimensional) seismic survey to be carried out off the coast of Washington. The suite of 2D seismic profiles that will be acquired by this project will provide essential data for planning and carrying out the 3D survey. The chief broader impact of this study is the very high societal relevance of gaining an improved understanding of the seismic risk in this region.",,,,,,,,
1110103,"Workshop/Collaborative Research: Charting a Course for Computer-Aided Bio-inspired Design Research; Palo Alto, California; March 20, 2011",CMMI,ENGINEERING DESIGN AND INNOVAT,3/15/11,3/10/11,Robert Stone,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Paul Collopy,2/28/13,"$37,999.00",,rstone@engr.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1464,"067E, 068E, 073E, 7556, 9148",$0.00,"The objective of this award will be to conduct a one day workshop with the aim of investigating the emerging research area in engineering design known as Bio-inspired Design (BID). The key intellectual merit of the workshop lies in identifying future research directions of BID -- specifically problem focused research directions such as complex system design and sustainability. Another key intellectual contribution is the identification of the fundamental impediments to joining the engineering and biological (and related) disciplines and the associated research directions needed to overcome them. Bringing these two disciplines together is critical due to: i) the relevant technical knowledge in each community; and ii) the cultural difference between them that has occurred through the development of engineering as a solution generating applied science and biology as a knowledge generating pure science. This workshop will serve as a means of gathering researchers in a single location to identify the state of the art in the emerging field and to identify critical knowledge gaps that represent potential for further exploration. The attendees will address the critical question: ""How do we transform BID from point solution efforts to fundamental methods and theories?"" Additional discussion points will focus on biological/natural sustainable solutions that could potentially be explored as models for engineered systems. <br/><br/>If successful, this award will enable researchers in the emerging field of Bio-Inspired Design (BID) to lay the framework that allows BID to move from a general concept with point specific applications to a full research field with identified problems, challenges, and rigorous approaches to deal with those challenges. The issue of sustainability for complex engineered systems is presently of national and global importance and will be explored in the context of BID. The continuing forums on the workshop website combined with a follow-up workshop six months later allow an aftershock effect of the effort to reach additional individuals in a slightly altered and matured form. A final report will be widely distributed across traditional disciplinary lines in order to achieve the greatest impact and provide the greatest guidance to researchers.",,,,,,,,
1228651,"Collaborative Research: Pacific-Arctic Carbon Synthesis - Transformations, Fluxes, and Budgets.",PLR,ARCTIC SYSTEM SCIENCE PROGRAM,11/15/11,2/23/12,Laurie Juranek,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Henrietta N. Edmonds,8/31/14,"$39,757.00",,ljuranek@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5219,1079,$0.00,"Predicting future conditions of the Arctic Ocean system requires scientific knowledge of its present status as well as a process-based understanding of the mechanisms of change. This research effort will synthesize a number of recent, upcoming, and historical datasets to create three regional carbon budgets for the Chukchi/western Beaufort Sea, the Bering Sea, and the northern Gulf of Alaska. As waters from the North Pacific make their way through these regions a number of transformations occur that modify them before they enter the central Arctic Ocean. In general, the waters exiting these shelf seas are fresher, colder, and have lower pH due to the uptake of CO2 and the remineralization of organic matter. Because of the importance that biogeochemical transformations have in preconditioning the waters of the central Arctic and ultimately parts of the North Atlantic it is important to gain a better understanding of how these processes impact the carbon biogeochemistry of the region. The investigators propose to address this issue by better constraining the carbon budgets for three zones in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean including coastal fluxes, rates of primary production and air-sea exchange of CO2 as well as developing algorithms with predictive capabilities for carbonate mineral saturation states. The aim of this effort is to determine how physical forcing and biological responses control the marine carbon cycle including the rates of air-sea CO2 exchange and net community production as well as ocean acidification effects in the contrasting shelf environments, and to better constrain the present stocks and fluxes of carbon and determine how climate change will affect the regional carbon cycle. The project will support four early career investigators, a postdoctoral scientist, and a Ph.D. student.",,,,,,,,
1108487,Collaborative Research: Reconstruction of the eastern Bering ice-ocean system by variational assimilation of the BEST-BSIERP data,PLR,ARCTIC NATURAL SCIENCES,8/15/11,8/4/11,Alexander Kurapov,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,"William J. Wiseman, Jr.",7/31/14,"$146,286.00",,kurapov@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5280,"1079, 5286",$0.00,"Funds are provided to achieve three major goals. <br/>1. To synthesize data from the BEST-BSIERP coordinated programs in the Bering Sea and data from other sources, collected during the same time period (2007-2010), via modeling and data assimilation. Two joint data assimilation systems will be applied to reconstruct the physical oceanographic fields of the eastern Bering ice-ocean system. The first system will be configured to reconstruct the large-scale circulation in the eastern Bering Sea and to accurately describe the large-scale processes in the South Eastern Bering Sea Shelf. The second will be configured for the eastern Bering Sea Shelf and will explicitly resolve eddy and tidal dynamics, thus leading to a better understanding of the nonlinear interaction processes between the deep basin and the shelf region of the eastern Bering Sea. <br/>2. To analyze the reconstructed fields and identify processes important for causing observed variability. <br/>3. To determine the impact of assimilating data with different origins on the estimation of near-surface transports of volume, momentum, heat, and material. This will be accomplished through adjoint sensitivity analysis. Results will help optimize Bering Sea mooring observations in future studies. <br/><br/>The Bering Sea is the largest commercial and subsistence fishery of the United States. Management of this fishery in the face of ongoing climate variability requires an understanding of all the processes impacting the fishery. Amongst these are the changing water temperature, which influences the growth rate of fish, and the current field, which carries fish eggs and larvae from their spawning regions to their nursery grounds. This project will contribute to an understanding of how these fields change in response to other external forcing.",,,,,,,,
1049792,Trace Element Characteristics of Zircon: A Means of Assessing Mineralization Potential of Granitoid Intrusions and Porphyries,EAR,PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY,10/1/11,7/31/12,John Dilles,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Jennifer Wade,9/30/14,"$227,038.00",Adam Kent,dillesj@geo.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1573,,$0.00,"Intellectual Merit. Globally, hydrous and sulfur-rich arc magmas in convergent margin settings are genetically related to magmatic-hydrothermal fluids that produce porphyry Cu(-Mo-Au), epithermal Au(-Ag), and a variety of other types of mineral deposits types. Although in theory an average arc-type granodiorite can generate such a deposit, most intrusions in arc crust do not produce mineral deposits and are economically barren. intermediate to silicic magmas are both strongly oxidized and, although they are emplaced and crystallized in the upper continental crust, they ultimately derive from deeper seated mantle-sourced basaltic to andesitic magmas. A systematic study of the trace element compositions and ages of zircons from representative mineralized and barren intrusions is proposed to evaluate the utility of this mineral as a tracer for mineralization. Samples from a range of well characterized porphyry and related systems in the Western USA and South America will be targeted for study. Zircon is well-known as a robust mineral that retains its magmatic composition through subsequent cooling, reheating, or hydrothermal events. A suite of trace elements including Hf, Y, Sc, V, Ti, and the rare earth elements can be accurately analyzed in situ in zircon via the ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG) and laser ablation-ICP-MS methods. Additionally, U-Th-Pb isotopic age information can be collected simultaneous or sequentially. The Hf/Zr ratio increases during crystallization of magma, and temperature can be monitored using the Ti-in-zircon geothermometer. Thus, zircon offers the opportunity to constrain time-temperature-composition paths for intrusive systems. The rare earth element systematics in zircons will also be evaluated as a tracer of redox conditions in the intrusive magmas. For example, initial work on porphyry intrusions at El Salvador, Chile, indicates that the Eu anomaly measured in zircons from mineralized intrusions is small compared to barren intrusions, and likely results from a combination of higher oxidation state and magmatic differentiation in the middle or deep crust where plagioclase is absent.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts. This proposal will contribute to understanding of the processes that lead to formation of porphyry-type mineral deposits, which are the principal global sources of copper and molybdenum, and significant byproduct gold, silver, and other metals with annual global production in excess of $100 billion. The project will also support one post-doctoral researcher and support teaching efforts by both PI?s in economic geology and geochemistry at OSU that are essential training for geoscientists required to find, exploit and remediate mineral deposits. The work will also involve collaboration with industry, providing new pathways for students to obtain practical experience in the minerals industry and opening the way for future collaborative efforts.",,,,,,,,
1203959,Collaborative Research: The Hot Springs Village Site: a Window to Southern Bering Sea Paleo-Ecosystems and Human - Landscape Interactions,PLR,ARCTIC SOCIAL SCIENCES,9/1/13,8/9/13,Nicole Misarti,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Anna Kerttula de Echave,9/30/13,"$19,386.00",,nmisarti@alaska.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5221,"1079, 5221",$0.00,"The southern Bering Sea and Bristol Bay are home to the United States? most important fisheries. Understanding the southern Bering Sea ecosystem is so critical to our understanding of climate change, global economic development, and modern fisheries that a number of US agencies have invested considerable resources to understand the Bering Sea ecosystem. Yet little is known about the ancient history of the Bering Sea, with no baseline from which to measure any modern changes. This collaborative project will undertake excavations at precisely identified locations in temporally distinct middens at the Hot Springs site, Port Moller, Alaskan Peninsula. Hot Springs has been excavated repeatedly in the past but poorly documented. It is one of the largest, if not the largest, village site on the Bering Sea coast, the northernmost known Aleut village, and a potential place for Aleut/Alutiiq interaction or occupation. On these grounds, alone, it is worth re-investigating to understand better regional prehistory. However, the PIs will also investigate major archaeological and ecological questions in the Bering Sea region, including human use of landscapes, stability and change in subsistence practices, species distribution, long-term climate change, and sea ice regimes. The project will add much to our understanding of human ecodynamic systems in the southeastern Bering Sea region, as well as including education and training for local Aleut students.<br/><br/>What makes this project most important is that the site was occupied during some of the warmest climatic regimes of the last 5000 years, often during time periods when the rest of the Alaska Peninsula shows a sparse population. It is at the southern edge of the winter ice pack but has deep and stratified shellfish deposits from 4000 years of human harvesting. Over 100 taxa of mammals, birds, fish, and shellfish have been identified in the Hot Springs deposits. Using systematic and targeted excavations to collect large samples of faunal remains from the Hot Springs Village site, the PIs will reconstruct the environmental history of the southern Bering Sea with the potential to create a baseline for modern fisheries studies.",,,,,,,,
1151670,"""Doctoral Dissertation Research: Rocks and Reactors: The Origins of Radiation Exposure Disparity, 1941 to 1979""",SES,"SCIENCE, TECH & SOCIETY",4/1/12,4/2/12,Jacob Hamblin,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Linda Layne,3/31/13,"$15,000.00",Linda Richards,jacob.hamblin@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,SBE,7603,"1353, 9179",$0.00,"Doctoral Dissertation Research: <br/>Rocks and Reactors: The Origins of Radiation Exposure Disparity, 1941-1979<br/><br/>This research investigates how different standards for contamination became acceptable norms at different organizational settings and stages in the nuclear fuel chain. It compares radiation safety as practiced at Atoms for Peace research reactor laboratories and at southwestern United States uranium mines. Archival and secondary literature is used to investigate how radiation safety was instituted internationally at academic research reactors, but not extended to those most directly affected by radiation pollution?indigenous subsistence communities located where a high proportion of the nuclear fuel chain activities (mining, milling, production, use, and storage of nuclear materials) occur worldwide. <br/><br/>It advances scholarship on the inclusion, exclusion, and exchange of scientific knowledge and practice between diverse cultures at research reactors and mining sites. It demonstrates how the differential regulation of the same technological product can occur, and finally, it fills an important gap in the history of nuclear technologies, by placing the regulation of nuclear reactors at the center of analysis. <br/><br/>This research explains the complex history of radiation standard setting so that a broader public can participate and contribute to discussions and decisions on environmental justice and nuclear history. In addition, it develops new teaching tools, and disseminates and builds knowledge through workshops on radiation exposure in which indigenous groups, research scientists and historians are active participants.",,,,,,,,
1147975,Collaborative Research: Imaging the Cascadia Subduction Zone: A Ship-to-shore Opportunity,EAR,"EARTHSCOPE-SCIENCE UTILIZATION, MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS",5/1/12,5/27/13,Anne Trehu,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Gregory J. Anderson,4/30/15,"$190,566.00",,trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"017F, 1620",017F,$0.00,"Technical Abstract<br/><br/>Oceanic plates store water as hydrous minerals through alteration at mid-ocean ridges and ocean basins, and release that water as these minerals break down in subduction zones. The relatively small Juan de Fuca plate allows an opportunity to completely image this process, from ridge to subduction zone thrust. This project enhances a major active-source seismic cruise of the R/V Langseth that will traverse the Juan de Fuca plate during the summer of 2012, extending the active seismic acquisition towards the shore and deploying 6 additional ocean bottom seismometers and 48 onshore seismometers to record the offshore sources. This will allow us to extend the velocity models landward of the trench, covering the locked zone and the up-dip edge of the part of the plate boundary that is characterized by episodic tremor and slip. The recorded data will overlap spatially with two of the densest receiver function transects across a subduction megathrust and will allow us to conduct an integrated analysis of the short-period and broad-band seismic response of thrust zone structure. By sampling along two corridors, one coming ashore in Washington and one in Oregon, we can investigate the hypothesis that subduction zone thrust properties vary along strike due to variable hydration of the oceanic plate, and explore relationships both in the locked zone and in the region of slow slip that may be affected by variations in hydration of the subducting plate. The integrated analysis of active-source with coincident existing passive-source data will place multiple-wavelength constraints on the extent to which thrust zones are characterized by substantial excess pore pressure or thick metasedimentary subduction channels. In addition, off Oregon we propose to shoot 5 shorter lines to enhance and extend the existing 3D coverage of ray paths in a segment of the margin that displays strong evidence of along-strike heterogeneity, including evidence for subducted seamounts that impact interplate coupling. Paleo-seismic data indicate that this segment is a major transition in the recurrence interval of plate boundary earthquakes. These hypotheses are closely related to many of the ""Outstanding Questions"" in the EarthScope Science Plan for 2010-2020, and address several motivating questions of the GeoPRISMS Subduction Cycles and Dynamics Initiative.<br/><br/> Non-technical Summary <br/><br/> The largest earthquakes on earth arise from the thrust faults of subduction zones, and the most likely place for a magnitude 9.0 earthquake in the 48 contiguous United States lies in the Cascadia subduction zone, just offshore Oregon, Washington, and northern California. Still, little remains known about the behavior of such fault zones, because their physical characteristics cannot be sampled directly at the depths that earthquakes occur. The scarcity of historical earthquakes on the Cascadia thrust zone further clouds our understanding of it. Seismic waves provide the main tool for examining the nature of these faults, allowing to construct images of these regions in a process that is analogous to a combined CAT scan and ultrasound of the human body. Prior studies have indicated an important role for water and sediment in allowing or regulating large earthquakes, and have been interpreted to show that thrust fault zones are either thick regions of very high pore pressure or regions lubricated by sediment. In this study, we take advantage of a previously-scheduled active-source seismic survey just offshore of the Cascadia subduction zone, focused on imaging the incoming Juan de Fuca plate, to gather additional data to sample the structure of the thrust zone. The project includes both offshore and on land seismograph deployments. We will compare the information we obtain on the structure of the fault zone here with images of the incoming plate being obtained farther offshore to see how the plate changes as it enters the subduction zone. We will also compare our results to images obtained previously using much lower frequency earthquake sources and to images from other subduction zones that have recently experienced very large earthquakes (e.g. NE Japan and central Chile). This study will improve our understanding of the relationship between fault zone structure, incoming and upper-plate structure, and earthquake hazards in the region. The project also emphasizes student training across a broad spectrum of field acquisition and seismic analysis techniques.",,,,,,,,
1359988,Collaborative Research: Mental Models of Students and Practitioners in the Development of an Authentic Assessment Instrument for Traffic Signal Engineering,DUE,"S-STEM:SCHLR SCI TECH ENG&MATH, TUES-Type 1 Project",9/15/13,9/13/13,Shane Brown,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Amy Chan Hilton,3/31/15,"$34,221.00",,shane.brown@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,"1536, 7513","9178, SMET",$0.00,"Developing conceptual knowledge situated in engineering practice has been identified as a priority by national leaders in engineering education, with the theoretically-founded expectation that it will result in students who are more capable of innovative engineering design. Progress toward this goal requires understanding fundamental ways of knowing and learning of both engineering students and engineering practitioners, coupled with the design of research-based curriculum. The goals of this research are to synthesize early career professionals' and students' mental models of traffic signals and use this knowledge to develop a fully validated traffic signal concept inventory (TSCI) along with a set of ranking task exercises in traffic signal operations relevant to engineering practice. This will be the first development of a concept inventory and conceptual exercises using engineering practitioner knowledge. This work will: 1) Determine core concepts for isolated traffic signals, coordinated traffic signals, and systems of traffic signals; 2) Synthesize student and practitioner conceptual understanding of these traffic signals; 3) Develop a situated concept inventory and ranking tasks for traffic signals; and 4) Implement the TSCI and ranking tasks at 12 universities throughout the US and actively disseminate the research results. In the first year of implementation hundreds of students will be assessed with the validated TSCI. This study is significant because it advances the field by identifying differences in conceptual understanding between practicing engineers and students and develops a concept inventory instrument and conceptual ranking exercises incorporating practitioner understandings.",,,,,,,,
1067144,Collaborative Research: Fluorochemical Signatures in Municipal Waste and Landfill Leachate,CBET,ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING,4/1/11,5/16/13,Jennifer Field,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,William Cooper,3/31/15,"$204,919.00",,jennifer.field@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1440,"015E, 021E",$0.00,"Collaborative Proposal 1067144 PI Field/1066769 PI Barlaz<br/><br/>Fluorochemicals are now detected in both humans and wildlife, as well as in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments. The unique characteristics of fluorocarbon chains make them useful in a wide range of applications yet resistant to abiotic and biological degradation. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is not degraded by any known natural processes. The majority of fluorochemicals are applied to solid surfaces (e.g., carpets, textiles, paper) and these products are typically disposed of in landfills; however, virtually nothing is known about the processes that release fluorochemicals into leachate. In modern landfills, leachate is routed to wastewater treatment plants; however, fluorochemicals are not attenuated during wastewater treatment. For the thousands of older, closed landfills that were constructed without leachate collection systems, leachate is often released to groundwater. Research is critically needed to understand the role that landfills play as point sources of fluorochemicals in the environment.<br/>Hypothesis 1 is that fluorochemicals in landfills are released from refuse by physical leaching and by anaerobic biodegradation of the fluorocarbon-containing solids. Hypothesis 2 is that carpet, textiles, and paper are the primary sources of fluorochemicals and that the fluorochemical ?signature? of refuse can be used to differentiate landfills from other inputs to surface water such as municipal wastewater effluent. Hypothesis 3 is that landfills represent a long-term source of fluorochemicals and are a significant component of our nation?s fluorochemical inventory. Controlled laboratory experiments, field sampling and a model will be used to assess our hypotheses. Objective 1 is to quantify the concentration and composition of fluorochemicals released from refuse and refuse components by leaching and biodegradation of these refuse components. Experiments will be conducted in controlled landfill simulation reactors under both abiotic and biologically active anaerobic conditions. Quantitative data on individual fluorochemicals and the total oxidizable precursors that form dead-end, persistent fluorochemical forms including PFOS and PFOA will be obtained. The data will be used to identify the types of refuse that release individual fluorochemicals and their precursors and enable us to rationalize the fluorochemical ?signatures? of leachates. Objective 2 is to characterize fluorochemical concentrations in leachate. Leachates from a representative cross section of U.S. landfills will be analyzed to assess the effects of refuse age, climate, and landfill operating strategy. Objective 3 is to estimate the mass of fluorochemicals released to engineered (e.g., wastewater treatment plants) and natural (e.g., groundwater) systems on a national scale using an inventory model developed in this research.<br/>Intellectual Merit: This proposal represents the first effort to quantitatively evaluate the processes occurring within landfills that result in fluorochemical release and the relative importance of solid waste as a source of fluorochemicals. This project will (1) quantify the processes that result in fluorochemicals in landfill leachate, (2) establish the components of municipal refuse that release fluorochemicals, and (3) establish the basis for quantifying the degree to which landfills are long-term repositories and point sources of fluorochemicals released to engineered and natural aquatic systems. In terms of the broader impacts, this research will resonate with a public that is increasingly aware of trace organic chemicals in consumer products and in the environment. The PIs will capitalize on this awareness by developing a well-publicized web site that relates everyday items such as fast-food take-out boxes and stain resistant textiles to environmental engineering and chemistry. The proposed research will allow one Ph.D. student at each institution to participate in a high-profile project that involves collaboration between two universities. The inventory model will provide an estimate of fluorochemical release to the environment as well as a means for exploring uncertainty in this estimate that will be useful for regulators who must prioritize fluorochemical control efforts. The inventory model will also be useful for the assessment of other releases from landfills as data become available and will serve as a starting point for extension of this work globally.",,,,,,,,
1242064,Effects of Viruses on Coral Fitness,OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,11/1/11,4/23/13,Rebecca Vega,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,4/30/14,"$318,835.00",,rvegathurber@gmail.com,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,"CL10, 9117, 9169",$0.00,"Corals are important ecosystem engineers, providing habitat and nutrient recycling to tropical reefs. However, coral species richness and abundance are in decline world-wide, due in large part to anthropogenic impacts stemming from global industrialization and human population growth. Over the past several decades, global coral cover is estimated to have declined between ~20 to 60%, and approximately one-third of all known reef-building corals currently face an elevated risk of extinction. Coral disease is a major contributor to this decline of tropical reefs, and therefore, investigations into the causes of and remedies to these diseases are of critical importance. Currently little is known about viruses that infect corals. This project will address this issue.<br/><br/>Herpes-like viruses have been shown to be produced in coral tissues after acute episodes of stress.Viral diversity characterization, however, does not inform scientists about the effects of viral infection on coral hosts. This project will investigate whether viral infection in corals leads to disease and/or reductions in coral reproductive fitness. Specifically, this project aims to compare and contrast the relative abundance and diversity of viruses present in coral tissues during episodes of diseases, particularly, growth anomalies in Porites species and white plague disease in Montastraea species. Pyrosequencing of viral DNA will be conducted on healthy and diseased corals to: i) characterize new viral types, ii) determine whether viral types are associated with particular diseases, and iii) address the central hypothesis that viruses contribute to reduced coral fitness. Sequence analysis and functional annotation of coral viromes will determine the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of these viruses and identify viral mechanisms of host infection and disease. The role of viruses in host fitness will be further explored using coral fecundity and larval survivorship and settlement experiments on the model coral, Acropora millepora. Viruses will be isolated from adults, egg bundles, and larvae, in order to determine the transmission mode and ontogenic fitness effects of viral infection.<br/><br/>This proposal will expand the coral taxa, diseases, developmental stages, and geographic regions from which viruses have been characterized, broadening our general knowledge about the diversity of these coral parasites. The examination of viral consortia in healthy and diseased corals combined with viral inoculation experiments will then take the next step and provide scientists clues about the ecological roles that viruses play in coral reef ecosystems. This combination of high-throughput sequencing and microscopy-based methods will lead to a more comprehensive picture of the diversity and role(s) of coral viruses in holobiont fitness and disease. Lastly, insight into how viruses are transmitted will give policymakers better information about how to control viral outbreaks, including limiting the spread of infection and disease.<br/><br/>Recent metagenomics work has begun to uncover unique viral assemblages associated with a variety of ecosystems. To a large extent, this work has focused on phages from the open ocean and temperate coasts. This project will use similar methods to investigate viruses in tropical stony corals, a group of highly threatened organisms which provide a multitude of ecosystem services to marine organisms and local communities. The characterization of viral consortia in healthy, diseased, and different life stages of corals will provide scientists clues about the roles that viruses play in the establishment, health, and resilience of these critical ecosystem engineers.<br/><br/>Florida International University (FIU) is one of the largest minority and urban-serving institutions in the country. During the course of this project, mentorship will be provided to undergraduates, graduates, and postdoctoral researchers. This project will provide funds to begin the hands-on training of two female graduate students, a postdoctoral researcher, and two undergraduates in marine science, molecular biology, developmental biology, coral reef ecology, and bioinformatics. Such interdisciplinary training will help these young scientists develop a broad and technologically savvy academic career in the marine sciences. Lastly, this project will provide a solid foundation for the scientific career of a young female minority investigator.",,,,,,,,
1116374,WORKSHOP: HCC: VL/HCC 2011 Doctoral Consortium,IIS,Cyber-Human Systems (CHS),6/1/11,2/24/11,Christopher Scaffidi,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Ephraim P. Glinert,5/31/12,"$20,903.00",,cscaffid@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7367,7367,$0.00,"This is funding to support a Doctoral Consortium (workshop) for about 10-14 graduate students, along with a panel of 4-5 distinguished research faculty mentors, which will take place in conjunction with the 2011 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC 2011), to be held September 19-21, 2011, in Pittsburgh, and sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society. The long-running VL/HCC series occupies a unique niche among HCI and Programming Language conferences, in that it focuses specifically on how to help end users successfully develop and use software. Recent advances in computing have led to continually deeper integration between computers and human society. People now swim in a ""sea"" of socio-technical systems that synthesize large numbers of contributing users with vast amounts of source code. Examples include social media systems, open source repositories, online marketplaces and massively multiplayer online games. Yet as the socio-technical systems in this sea have grown in complexity, they have become increasingly difficult for end users to understand and direct toward productive ends. Thus, when users put data into a system they may be unable to anticipate and control how their data will be used by other people or by software in the system; when users take actions in the system they often cannot foresee and manage unintended effects on other users, software, or the system as a whole, particularly because the system's software often contains defects. These problems are further complicated by the fact that different users simultaneously might take actions toward differing goals, while autonomous software such as agents might meanwhile also take actions toward goals of their own. These and similar problems reflect a fundamental lack of sufficient methods, models and tools to help end users visualize, analyze, tailor, and manage large socio-technical systems. At a deeper level, insufficient theory is available for predicting the complicated, unstable, sometimes-emergent behavior that results when large numbers of diverse, unpredictable humans are coupled to unreliable software.<br/><br/>This year's VL/HCC Doctoral Consortium, the ninth to be funded by NSF in this series, will focus on advancing knowledge and understanding of solutions to these problems. The workshop will bring together and build community among young researchers working on different aspects of these problems from the perspectives of diverse fields including computer science, the social sciences, and education. It will guide the work of these new researchers by providing an opportunity for experts in the research field (as well as their peers) to give them advice, in that student participants will make formal presentations of their work during the workshop and will receive feedback from a faculty panel. The feedback is geared to helping students understand and articulate how their work is positioned relative to other human-computer interaction research, whether their topics are adequately focused for thesis research projects, whether their methods are correctly chosen and applied, and whether the results are appropriately analyzed and presented. As in prior years the VL/HCC 2011 Doctoral Consortium will be part of the regular conference program. A 2-page extended abstract of each participant's work will be published in the conference proceedings. More information about the VL/HCC conference may be found at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~vlhcc2011. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts: The workshop will help shape ongoing and future research projects aimed at alleviating a pressing problem of relevance to a great many people within our society. This event will promote discovery and learning, by encouraging the student researchers to explore a difficult and challenging open problem, through involvement of a panel of well-known researchers whose task is to provide constructive feedback, and through inclusion of other conference participants who will also learn from and provide additional feedback to the students and to each other. The PI and the members of the organizing committee will make special efforts to attract a diverse and interdisciplinary group of student participants, with special attention paid to recruitment of women and minorities. The PI expects that most of the students supported by this award will come from U.S. universities but as in past years, due to the highly international make-up of the research community, a few non-U.S. students may be invited to participate as well.",,,,,,,,
1155742,"Collaborative Research: Establishing baselines for nearshore marine ecosystems by examining sea otter trophic variation over 5,000 years of climatic and anthropogenic change",OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,5/1/12,2/13/12,Nicole Misarti,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,12/31/12,"$268,716.00",,nmisarti@alaska.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,9169,$0.00,"Intellectual Merit: The PIs will utilize natural stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen to define the trophic position of sea otters and how it has varied from pre-historic (5000BP) to historic (last 300 years) times in the Kodiak and eastern Aleutian regions of Alaska. Stable isotope data from known prey species in each area will be analyzed to construct an isotopic food web to compare with changes in sea otter bone isotope ratios over time. Prehistoric data will come from faunal remains in middens. Oxygen and carbon stable isotope data from archaeological and modern shells and paleo-proxy data from marine sediment cores will be used to evaluate changes in environment that may have affected nearshore ecosystems. These data will be used to evaluate mechanistic explanations for the dramatic recent changes in sea otter trophic position and abundance. One of the extant populations that will be studied is declining, while the other is doing well. Understanding the mechanisms behind these divergent modern trajectories is of fundamental ecological as well as management interest.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: The broader impacts of this project are founded in interdisciplinary research, conservation and management. This will be the first single-system, multiple-geographic, comparison of isotopic records of a keystone species that spans thousands of years. This study will promote interdisciplinary research, collaboration, and education across two universities, a museum, and local schools. Included in this project is an outreach program devised in conjunction with the local museum to provide youth education, participation in an ongoing lecture series for adults, and information on the project and results for the museum's library, which is accessed by both<br/>locals and visitors. Lastly, results of this study will benefit the long-term conservation and management of sea otters, nearshore marine ecosystems, and fisheries.",,,,,,,,
1232551,"Student Travel for Magnetism Summer School. To be held in Chennai, India, May 22-28, 2012.",ECCS,"ELECT, PHOTONICS, & MAG DEVICE, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH",5/1/12,4/22/12,Albrecht Jander,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Usha Varshney,4/30/13,"$16,000.00",Mingzhong Wu,jander@eecs.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,"1517, 7298","107E, 5919",$0.00,"Project Summary<br/><br/>Funds are requested to provide travel support for U.S. graduates students to attend<br/>the 2012 IEEE Magnetics Society Summer School in Chennai, India. The Magnetism<br/>Summer School is the IEEE Magnetics Society?s main outreach effort to promote<br/>education in the field of magnetism and attract more young scientists to choose a research<br/>career in magnetism and related areas. The one-week Magnetism Summer School is<br/>designed for graduate students studying magnetism, will consist of lectures by<br/>international experts and will include poster presentations by participating graduate<br/>students. The program will cover fundamentals and advanced topics in magnetism. The<br/>summer school is a unique opportunity for young scientists to meet leaders in their field<br/>in a relaxed and collegial atmosphere and to begin establishing a network of colleagues in<br/>the international research community. The funds requested from NSF will provide<br/>additional opportunities for U.S. graduate students to attend the Summer School.<br/><br/>Intellectual Merit<br/>The Summer School provides a forum for exchange of information in the field of<br/>magnetics research. In addition to formal lectures, each participating student is required<br/>to present a poster about their current research. These topics are discussed amongst the<br/>students and lecturers during poster sessions.<br/><br/>Broader Impact<br/>The broader impact of the Summer School lies in the education of young<br/>scientists and researchers in a fast-moving and economically important field. Participants<br/>will learn both fundamental as well as advanced topics through lectures delivered by<br/>internationally-renowned experts. In addition, there is a degree of cultural education,<br/>teaching young scientists to interact with and respect their colleagues from other<br/>countries. The organizers of the Summer School particularly encourage women and<br/>underrepresented minorities to apply. The program committee also strives for diversity in <br/>the lecturers selected for the summer school to provide role models for female and minority students.",,,,,,,,
1105061,EAGER: Production of Nanoscale Solar Energy Materials using a Solar Microreactor,CBET,PROCESS & REACTION ENGINEERING,2/1/11,1/28/11,Chih-hung Chang,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Maria Burka,1/31/13,"$100,000.00",,changch@che.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1403,"047E, 7237, 7916",$0.00,"1105061<br/>Chang<br/><br/>Intellectual Merits<br/><br/>The main purpose of chemical manufacturing processes is to transform raw materials into useful products. In the course of these operations, energy resources are consumed and the usefulness of materials resources is altered. As the world-wide demand for energy continues to rise and the economic and environmental impact of fossil fuel combustion continues to be felt, the search for suitable alternative energy sources has become more urgent than ever. Among the various renewable energy sources, the conversion of sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic (PV) properties of certain materials is attractive. Current PV manufacturing practices suffer from poor energy efficiency and large carbon footprints due to poor material utilization, high processing temperatures and/or high solvent usage -- offsetting the hope and promise of PV technologies. The objective of this project is to explore the possibility of a zero energy impact chemical manufacturing process for the production of nanoscale solar energy materials.<br/><br/>Recent advances in nanocrystals are having a dramatic impact on the development of next generation low-cost and/or high efficiency solar cells. For example, semiconductor nanocrystal inks are used to lower the fabrication cost of the absorber layers of the solar cells. In addition, some quantum confined nanocrystals display an electron-hole pair generation phenomena with greater than 100% quantum yield, called multiple exciton generation. These quantum dots could potentially be used to fabricate solar cells that exceed the Schockley-Queisser limit. This project aims to investigate the microreactor systems powered by renewable energy for the production of nanoscale solar energy materials. The needed thermal energy for driving the chemical reaction will be supplied via a parabolic trough solar concentrator. Two different reactor schemes will be investigated in this EAGER project. One is the direct use of solar radiation onto solar microchannel reactors and the other approach is to use an energy transfer medium to absorb the solar energy then use the medium as an energy input for the synthesis. The idea of using a solar microreactor for the production of nanoscale solar energy materials will be explored for the first time through this EAGER project to assess its feasibility and to identify the key challenges.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts<br/><br/>PV manufacturing industry and green building construction industry are expected to grow significantly due to the increasing awareness of renewable energy and government incentives. The current low adoption of solar based energy generation can be attributed to inefficiency and high cost. An inherent cost to the current technology is the high consumption of energy in the solar energy materials production processes. The possibility of achieving zero-energy impact manufacturing processes in a cost-effective manner can make solar energy technologies greener and more affordable. The demonstrations of this solar micro-reaction technology will increase effectiveness and efficiency, reduce cost of nanoscale solar energy materials and in turn lead to wider adoption. Graduate and undergraduate students will be involved in this project and mini projects for the existing K-12 outreach programs on the OSU campus will be developed for recruiting and retaining underrepresented groups (young women and ethnic minorities) into science and engineering.",,,,,,,,
1132954,Reliable quantification of emerging contaminant mass flows in wastewater systems - combining predictive modeling & novel field approaches,OISE,Catalyzing New Intl Collab,9/15/11,9/6/11,Jennifer Field,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Bonnie Thompson,8/31/13,"$23,256.00",,jennifer.field@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,O/D,7299,"5950, 5979",$0.00,"This project will catalyze a collaboration between US researchers and collaborators at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). Although wastewater treatment plants are built to minimize the negative environmental impacts of wastewater, they were not designed to remove emerging contaminants. Given the hazardous, dynamic, and logistically -challenging nature of sewers, few studies are conducted and only limited data for emerging contaminants in sewers are available. An understanding of contaminant transport and biodegradation is needed to obtain accurate estimates of contaminant (e.g., illicit drug) mass flows. Such estimates then can be used to obtain the ?hidden information? in wastewater that is needed for understanding the societal problem of illegal drug use. In addition, more accurate estimates of population are needed to advance the interpretation of data on illicit drugs obtained from raw wastewater. The objective of the catalytic activities described herein is to plan and execute preliminary in-situ sewer tracer tests in collaboration with environmental engineers at Eawag. Tracer tests to be conducted in the Zźrich, Switzerland sewer system will consist of the injection of stable isotope-labeled illicit drugs so that their in-situ transformation can be quantified under realistic wastewater conditions. Prior to conducting the in-situ tracer tests, the initial phase of the collaboration will focus on modeling studies that are needed to further refine the hypotheses that will be tested in the preliminary tracer tests. The Zurich sewer system was selected because it is a well-instrumented system for which access is granted. With the combination of modeling and preliminary tracer tests, the biological and physical factors that impact the transformation of contaminant loads that arrive at wastewater treatment plants will be identified for further study. Endogenous and exogenous substances that occur in wastewater also will be identified for use in full-scale tracer tests as alternative indicators of population when quantifying temporal and spatial trends in contaminant loads. <br/><br/>An international, interdisciplinary team including environmental chemists, a sociologist (drug epidemiologist), and an environmental engineer specializing in wastewater sampling will bring together the expertise necessary to address the technical challenges that must be overcome to reliably use data on illicit drugs obtained from wastewater to address the difficult societal problem of drug abuse. Novel data obtained from the in-situ tests will advance the science of modeling and wastewater sampling and our understanding of the accuracy and uncertainty in contaminant mass flows. Identifying sources of uncertainty will fundamentally change the level of decisions that can be made using data obtained from municipal wastewater. The proposed research will advance the concept of using human urinary biomarkers for quantifying changes in population and this has significant implications for making decisions in the area of drug epidemiology (a social science). The benefits of the proposed research activity will provide assessment methods to verify the projected increase in pharmaceutical loading to wastewater treatment plants and the environment. The research program will complement the PI?s current outreach activities that are centered around creating and disseminating outreach modules to teachers and their minority school children in the SMILE (Science and Math Investigative Learning Experiences) program that demonstrate the principles of separating and identifying molecules in complex environmental systems. A Ph.D. student in toxicology, who is a member of the Northern Paiute Tribe, will be trained in modeling and in tracer test design and execution. An undergraduate student will receive training in wastewater sampling and chemical analysis.",,,,,,,,
1265144,I-Corps: Microbial Fuel Cells for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment and Energy Generation,IIP,I-Corps,10/1/12,9/27/12,Hong Liu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Rathindra DasGupta,9/30/13,"$50,000.00",,liuh@engr.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,8023,,$0.00,"Wastewater treatment accounts for about 3% of electrical energy consumed in U.S and other developed countries. Decentralized wastewater treatment is at the forefront of the wastewater industry discussion and is starting to be implemented by small municipalities and cities across the U.S. due to the need to cost effectively relieve pressure on the current wastewater treatment infrastructure. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has emerged as a potential clean technology for renewable energy production and decentralized wastewater treatment. Relatively low power density has been the greatest challenge for practical application of MFC technology in wastewater treatment. Recently, researchers have advanced this technology by developing a reactor design (CEA-MFC) that significantly increases the power density. In this project, the team will fabricate a demonstration CEA-MFC. Successful completion of the project will result in better understanding of key factors surrounding widespread use of this technology. <br/><br/>The performance of CEA-MFCs demonstrates the great potential of MFC technology in converting wastewater treatment from an energy consumer to a net energy producer, as well as reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emission related to waste treatment. Within the U.S. this could have benefits to the U.S. municipal infrastructure, industry and agriculture. This technology could also be beneficial to developing countries as they work to build infrastructure and improve sanitation and availability of power.",,,,,,,,
1249552,"Thermal Structure of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Grays Canyon Discovery Corridor, Washington",OCE,GeoPRISMS,3/15/13,1/31/14,Robert Harris,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Donna Blackman,2/28/15,"$39,188.00",,rharris@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,8076,"0000, 8076, OTHR",$0.00,"Heatflow measurements using a 3.5 m probe will be added to a scheduled experiment ""Thermal structure of the cascadia subduction zone on the WA margin (PIs Johnson & Solomon, OCE-1144164). The probe temperature and thermal conductivity measurements will enhance the ~1 m depth heatflow determinations the main experiment will obtain. Improved assessment of possible bottom water temperature variation will be documented by deviations from linearity in the uppermost thermal gradient measured by the probe. One day of shiptime to conduct heat probe work is confirmed, a second day is requested if ship schedule allows. Postcruise numerical modeling of these data aims to constrain temperature structure extending down to the subducting plate interface, which is related to deep seismicity patterns.",,,,,,,,
1134596,Salmonid behavior and hydraulics of Engineered Log Jams: Experimental observations and field verification,CBET,"ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, SPECIAL STUDIES AND ANALYSES, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH",11/15/11,11/26/13,Desiree Tullos,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Bruce K. Hamilton,10/31/14,"$338,535.00",,desiree.tullos@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,"7643, 1385, 7298","145E, 9102, 5946, 5979",$0.00,"1134596 (Tullos). This research will document the hydraulic interactions between two Engineered Log Jam (ELJ) architectures and a river's flow patterns and intensity, leading to better understanding on how ELJ characteristics influence the locations and magnitude of forces and energy loss. The results will advance existing research on fish ecology by making direct observation of fish behavior using new visually-based approaches, by linking bioenergetics to the hydraulic environment, and by improving understanding of how fish perceive the ecological benefits of ELJs. This work will develop a novel dataset by employing state-of-the-art techniques for observing fish and fluids and will apply innovative analytical techniques for extracting detailed information on fish behavior and hydraulic structure, scale, and intensity. This interdisciplinary collaboration is supported by experience in river engineering and restoration, aquatic ecology, fish behavior, experimental- and field-study design and measurements, and quantitative data analysis, as well as by existing research facilities and resources. The research targets (a) restoration practitioners designing log jams, and (b) students at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate level. Targeting practitioners, a video on fish use of ELJs will be developed and applied concepts (e.g. drag coefficients, force distributions around structures) relevant to the design of ELJs will be investigated. This project will give students at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate level the opportunity to participate in a multi-disciplinary research environment and to receive training in advanced methods for observations of hydraulics and fish in rivers.",,,,,,,,
1127055,Collaborative Research: Spatial Dynamic Modeling of Exurban Land Markets and Land Use Patterns,BCS,GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL SCIENCES,9/15/11,8/14/11,Yong Chen,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas J. Baerwald,8/31/14,"$99,927.00",,yong.chen@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,SBE,1352,"1352, 7298",$0.00,"Despite recent advances in geosimulation, empirical land-use change modeling, and regional spatial dynamic theories, basic knowledge regarding how regional economic growth and decline impact the spatial and temporal dynamics of exurban land-use patterns remains rudimentary. This is due in large part to a continued reliance on assumptions of instantaneous price adjustments to a long-run spatial equilibrium in conventional urban economic models that omit consideration of short-run dynamics and local spatial interactions. To address these theoretical limitations, this research project will develop a dynamic spatial model of exurban land markets that explicitly accounts for key features of exurban areas to explain observed exurban land-price and development pattern dynamics (Objective 1). The model will incorporate local land use feedbacks, such as open space and congestion spillovers, to investigate how incorporation of these endogenous local spillovers influences land-price and land-use dynamics (Objective 2). The model will also be used to explore the potential impacts of income shocks on exurban land demand, supply, and land-use patterns and the time scales over which these changes occur (Objective 3). The project will accomplish these research objectives by developing a new theoretical model of exurban land markets that accounts for the relative demand and supply of spatially differentiated land. The investigators will use an auction model to derive optimal household bids and an optimal timing model to derive landowner reservation rents. Spatial agent-based computational modeling will be used to simulate market interactions and derive spatially varying market land prices and land development patterns over time. Extensive spatial data on parcel-level land development and residential location decisions will be used to empirically specify the key model parameters and MatLab and C++ codes will be used for implementation. The expectation is that the model will generate new hypotheses regarding the role of spatial arbitrage in exurban land markets and will provide a new theoretical and simulation-based framework for studying spatial land-use dynamics. <br/><br/>Rapid exurban growth and the characteristic low density and scattered urbanization patterns that accompany it have greatly extended America's urban footprint and transformed many rural areas. Since the onset of the housing bust in 2006, a new set of challenges has emerged for many exurban areas that appear to have declined more rapidly than their urban and suburban counterparts. Both trends raise essential questions about the sustainability of exurban regions. By developing a dynamic spatial model of exurban land markets, this project will address these fundamental questions of exurban growth, decline, and sustainability. Despite the economic and ecological importance of the exurbs, no one has fully conceptualized or developed a spatial dynamic model of exurban land markets. By doing so, this project will make a fundamental theoretical contribution to land-change science and provide new insights into urban spatial patterns. The empirical applications proposed in this project will generate new knowledge that will have tangible benefits to policy makers confronted with urban sustainability management challenges. By furthering collaboration among scientists from regional science and physics, this project will advance the involvement of spatial scientists in interdisciplinary research and provide new interdisciplinary training opportunities for graduate students in complex systems and spatial economic modeling.",,,,,,,,
1043497,Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING,PLR,ANTARCTIC ORGANISMS & ECOSYST,6/15/11,6/15/11,Markus Horning,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Charles Amsler,5/31/14,"$303,120.00",,Markus.Horning@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5111,"9150, 9169, EGCH",$0.00,"Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk.",,,,,,,,
1346253,Collaborative Research: Terrestrial Linkages to Microbial and Metazoan Communities in Coastal Ecosystems of the Beaufort Sea,PLR,ARCTIC SYSTEM SCIENCE PROGRAM,4/29/13,6/14/13,Byron Crump,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Neil R. Swanberg,8/31/14,"$74,801.00",,bcrump@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5219,,$0.00,"Coastal ecosystems of the Arctic receive extraordinarily large quantities of terrestrial organic matter through river discharge and shoreline erosion. The fate of this organic matter is of local interest as it relates to biological production in the coastal ocean. It is also of broader interest with respect to global biogeochemical cycling. The prevailing paradigm is that terrestrial organic matter inputs to the Arctic Ocean are highly recalcitrant. However, most studies supporting this paradigm have been conducted during mid- to late- summer. This effort is based on the premise that terrestrial organic matter, in both dissolved and particulate form, provides an important carbon and energy subsidy that supports and maintains heterotrophic activity and food webs in coastal waters during much of the year. The work will focus on a set of 12 field sites along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast, in the vicinity of Barter Island and the Inupiaq village of Kaktovik. Comparisons among sites ranging from lagoons to open coastal systems that receive differing amounts of freshwater runoff and also differ markedly in their exchange characteristics with shelf waters will be used to examine linkages between biological communities and organic matter inputs from land. Examining these linkages will help determine how seasonally distinct terrestrial inputs of water and organic matter influence microbial and metazoan communities in coastal waters of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Researchers will address this question thorough a seasonally explicit sampling program that includes field trips during the 9-month ice covered period as well as summer. Measurements of water and sediment chemistry, benthic and water column community characteristics, and natural abundance isotopic tracers will be used to evaluate the importance of terrestrial inputs under different hydrologic/hydrographic conditions. <br/><br/>Understanding the fate of terrestrial carbon in arctic coastal waters is especially important now, as the arctic system enters a period of rapid climatic change. Changes in terrestrial organic matter export could influence total production as well as the relative roles of autotrophy and heterotrophy in arctic coastal waters. Such shifts have consequences for local human populations that use coastal food webs for subsistence and for the broad scientific community interested in land-sea coupling. This work focuses on fundamental questions about the fate of terrestrial organic matter in arctic coastal waters that must be answered before we can effectively consider future changes in land-sea coupling in the Arctic. <br/><br/>This collaborative project will support the dissertation research of two graduate students and two post-doctoral associates and also continue a very successful K-12 outreach program, entitled ?Climate Change in the Arctic: An Interactive Program Linking Scientists with K-12 Students? that includes the establishment of a summer field science program for native Kaktovik K-12 students. The Village Council has expressed keen enthusiasm to involve middle school students in hands-on science activities that can be provided in conjunction with teachers from the Kaktovik school district.",,,,,,,,
1233717,Collaborative Research: Dynamics of eruptive plumes above a submarine arc volcano,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,9/1/12,8/30/12,William Chadwick,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Barbara L. Ransom,8/31/14,"$138,195.00",,bill.chadwick@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, OTHR",$0.00,"This project seeks to analyze data collected on a cruise of exploration to Rota 1, an erupting undersea volcano in the western Pacific ocean. The work was not funded in the previous award and represents new data collected by a newly installed, more capable, multibeam sonar tool that can image bubble trains in with water column. Analysis of the data will include extracting eruption plume information and how it changes with time in terms of height, intensity, and direction. It will also compare the mid-water plume results to ROV visual observations. A major part of the study will be devoted to gauging the usefulness of mid-water multibeam bubble train datasets and finding out what can be learned from them in terms of gauging an undesea volcano's activity. Broader impacts of the work include graduate student training and development of a new UNOLS instrument capability.",,,,,,,,
1225364,Collaborative Research: Geo-Visualization and Data Analysis using the Magnetics Information Consortium,EAR,"CI REUSE, GEOINFORMATICS",9/1/12,7/30/13,Anthony Koppers,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Leonard E. Johnson,8/31/14,"$361,023.00",,akoppers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"6892, 7255",7433,$0.00,"The goals of the MagIC (Magnetics Information Consortium) project have been to develop an open community digital data archive for rock and paleomagnetic data with web portals that allow users free access to archive, search and download data in a broad range of formats. Part of the project has involved the transition of existing databases developed under the auspices of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) to the new archive. This award provides funds for the continued development and maintenance of the MagIC facility and for continued integration of the PI?s efforts to operate with other online databases. The PIs believe that access to all magnetic data in a single online data-base and the capacity to link up with data from other disciplines, will radically change the way rock and paleomagnetic data contribute to Earth sciences today. In this funding period the PIs will implement enhanced interoperability with GPlates and IODP and also with initiatives like EarthChem and Geochron, to provide seamless access to complementary geochemistry information and radiometric ages on the sample data stored in MagIC. All this will be accomplished through the use of unique IGSN sample numbers.",,,,,,,,
1348278,Collaborative Research: A PCK Summit: Current and Future Research Directions,DRL,REAL,8/1/13,9/17/13,Julie Gess-Newsome,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Celestine Pea,8/31/14,"$11,836.00",,jgessnew@willamette.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,7625,"9177, SMET",$0.00,"This project seeks to advance understandings of teacher professional knowledge in science. It focuses on bringing greater clarity to the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) construct, the model of professional knowledge in which PCK is embedded, and its implications for enhancing teacher practice and student learning. <br/><br/>Thirty participants from eight countries will take on the task of contributing to and/or completing this synthesis through a summit and follow-up activities. A set of recommendations will be made to guide future research aimed at advancing this field of study.<br/><br/>This is a very worthy project in science education research. It is innovative and brings together world-wide experts in science education to develop products that will communicate refined models for teacher professional knowledge. The project draws on past NSF-supported research and builds on a highly diverse body of literature. It yields a wealth of information that could lead to a commonly accepted agreement among science education researchers about PCK and articulates future directions for collaborative research as well as instrument development and/or refinement.",,,,,,,,
1313810,"Collaborative Research: Biological Shape Spaces, Transforming Shape into Knowledge",DBI,"ADVANCES IN BIO INFORMATICS, CROSS-EF ACTIVITIES",9/1/12,6/24/13,Cindy Grimm,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Anne Maglia,8/31/14,"$135,850.00",,grimmc@onid.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,"1165, 7275","1719, 1729, 7969, 9183, 9184, 9251",$0.00,"Collaborative Research: Biological Shape Spaces, Transforming Shape into Knowledge<br/><br/>This project will develop a framework to represent, analyze and interpret shapes extracted from images, supporting a wide range of biological investigations. The primary objectives are: (1) to develop a mathematical framework and computational tools for the quantification and analysis of shapes; (2) to integrate these computational models with machine learning and statistical inference methods to enable new discoveries, transforming imaging data into biological knowledge; (3) to deliver novel quantitative methodologies for shape analysis that start from a biological premise, rather than a purely geometric one. The aim is thus not only to quantitatively describe shape, but to develop methods for linking morphological variation to its underlying biological causes. To ensure that the project focuses on methods that are most promising to biology with significant breadth of application, model and tool development will be guided and supported by a set of diverse case studies, ranging from the sub-cellular to organismal scales. <br/><br/>Shape represents a complex and rich source of biological information that is fundamentally linked to underlying mechanisms and function. However, shape is still often examined on a qualitative basis in many disciplines in biology, an approach that is time consuming and prone to human subjectivity. While ad hoc quantitative methods do exist, they are often inaccessible to non-experts and do not easily generalize to a wide variety of problems. The inability of biologists to systematically link shape to genetics, development, environment, function and evolution often precludes advances in biological research spanning diverse spatial and temporal scales, from the movement of molecules within a cell to adaptive changes in organismal morphology. The primary goal of this project is to develop a new suite of widely applicable quantitative methods and tools into the study of biological shape to address the significant need for consistent and repeatable analysis of shape data.",,,,,,,,
1069292,Automorphic Forms Workshop,DMS,"ALGEBRA,NUMBER THEORY,AND COM",2/1/11,1/3/11,Holly Swisher,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Tara Smith,1/31/12,"$14,700.00",Thomas Schmidt,swisherh@math.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,MPS,1264,7556,$0.00,"The annual Workshop on Automorphic Forms and Related Topics has built a reputation as an internationally recognized and respected conference that is attended by leading experts in this broad area of mathematics. Traditionally, this workshop serves a healthy balance of students, junior faculty, and senior faculty from many types of academic institutions in geographically diverse areas and encourages them to deliver research presentations. This workshop strengthens the automorphic forms research community by providing mentoring and professional development for junior researchers in this active field.<br/><br/>Automorphic forms is a central subject in contemporary number theory with deep connections to many areas across mathematics and the mathematical sciences including representation theory, combinatorics, and mathematical physics. In 2011, the theme of the Automorphic Forms Workshop is the theory of harmonic weak Maass forms. As an example of the subject's importance, in the last works of Ramanujan, in particular his last letter to Hardy and his lost notebook, the subject of mock theta functions was introduced. For many decades, mathematicians were unable to understand mock theta functions as part of a larger context. However in recent work of Zwegers, mock theta functions are identified as occurring as the holomorphic parts of harmonic weak Maass forms, thus generating a fresh torrent of research in Maass forms, mock modular forms, and automorphic forms in general.",,,,,,,,
1338432,Collaborative Research: Adaptable life history strategy of a migratory large predator in response to El Nino and climate change,OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,7/1/13,6/26/13,Kelly Benoit-Bird,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,6/30/14,"$75,993.00",,kbenoit@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,"0000, 7914",$0.00,"This project will examine the response of Dosidicus gigas (Humboldt squid) to an El Ni–o event in 2009-2010 that was accompanied by a collapse of the commercial fishery for this squid in the Guaymas Basin within the Gulf of California. This large squid is a major predator of great ecological and economic importance in the Gulf of California, the California Current, and Peru Current systems. In early 2010, these squid abandoned their normal coastal-shelf habitats in the Guaymas Basin and instead were found in the Salsipuedes Basin to the north, an area buffered from the effects of El Ni–o by the upwelling of colder water. The commercial fishery also relocated to this region and large squid were not found in the Guaymas Basin from 2010-2012, instead animals that matured at an unusually small size and young age were abundant. A return to the large size-at-maturity condition has still not occurred, despite the apparent return of normal oceanographic conditions. <br/><br/>The El Ni–o of 2009-2010 presented an unforeseen opportunity to reveal an important feature of adaptability of Dosidicus gigas to an acute climatic anomaly, namely a large decrease in size and age at maturity. Now these investigators will have the opportunity to document recovery to the normal large size-at-maturity condition. The specific aims of this project are: 1) continue a program of acoustic surveys and direct sampling of squid that has already been established in the Gulf of California in order to assess distribution, biomass, life history strategy diet, and migratory and foraging behaviors relative to pre-El Ni–o conditions and 2) conduct analogous surveys in Monterey Bay, California in conjunction with long-term remote operated vehicle surveys of squid abundance. The data from these studies will provide a comparison of recovery in the two different squid populations and yield valuable insights into what ecological effects an area is expected to experience with an invasion of either small or large Humboldt squid. As long-term climate change progresses, squid of both forms may expand northward into the California Current System.<br/><br/>Training will be provided for participating graduate and undergraduate students and an established collaboration will be continued with a technical college in Mexico that involves Mexican undergraduates in local sampling and developing public outreach aimed at the local squid fishing community. Squid abundance (biomass) and foraging (diet) data will be incorporated into NOAA fishery-management models being developed for Humboldt squid. Findings of the project concerning El Ni–o, climate change, and squid fisheries will be incorporated into an established outreach program with NOAA (Squids4Kids), the Google Science Fair Science Hangouts program, and a NEH Summer Institute on John Steinbeck at Hopkins Marine Station. The investigators will continue to contribute exhibits being developed on squid at both the Monterey Bay Aquarium and Hatfield Marine Science Center.",,,,,,,,
1235896,Transportation Educators Conference: Advancement of the National Transportation Curriculum Project,DUE,TUES-Type 1 Project,5/1/12,4/27/12,David Hurwitz,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Susan Finger,4/30/13,"$29,987.00",,david.hurwitz@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,7513,"9178, SMET",$0.00,"Most ABET-accredited civil engineering undergraduate programs include at least one required transportation course. However, many of these courses are taught as a collection of topics, disconnected from one another and from the rest of the discipline of civil engineering. This poses significant challenges for faculty, students and practitioners in transportation engineering. The aims of the conference are to: 1) engage and train a diverse group of educators in the development and application of active learning for transportation engineering at the undergraduate level, 2) engage and train diverse group of educators in the development and application of conceptual understanding in transportation engineering at the undergraduate level, and 3) promote and facilitate the adoption of the learning activities and conceptual assessments by conference participants as well as other transportation engineering educators around the country.<br/><br/>The conference organizing committee and expert lecturers include faculty in transportation engineering and engineering education with expertise in active learning and in students' conceptual understanding and misconceptions. At this conference, faculty participants participate in collaborative design of active learning modules and conceptual assessment in the undergraduate transportation engineering space. The specific aim of the conference is to increase the prevalence of active learning and conceptual assessment in the introduction to transportation engineering course taught by conference participants. The organizing committee is disseminating the conference outcomes to the broader STEM field through publications and presentations through groups such as the American Society for Engineering Education.",,,,,,,,
1043298,Collaborative Research: INSTANCES: Incorporating Computational Scientific Thinking Advances into Education & Science Courses,DUE,"S-STEM:SCHLR SCI TECH ENG&MATH, TUES-Type 1 Project",4/1/11,3/21/11,Rubin Landau,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Valerie Barr,3/31/14,"$87,492.00",Nam Kang,rubin@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,"1536, 7513","9178, SMET",$0.00,"Computational Science combines computer simulations and knowledge from a science discipline to solve complex problems. While a decade ago computational science was rare and found mainly in research programs, today it is recommended even for K-12 education as an effective pedagogy for teaching science, math and computer science in context. However, science and math teachers are often not prepared well for their work with computers in K-12 classrooms. They may not be able to explain what is occurring within the computer applications used by their students. The investigators are developing a new course for students who plan to be K-12 teachers, called Computational Scientific Thinking and Modeling for Teachers. The course is designed to provide practical computation integrated into the scientific problem-solving paradigm and a contextual understanding of the important of computation. This will lead to better prepared teachers, to better informed students and to broader participation in computing. <br/><br/>The project represents a multi-institution collaboration among a computational physics educator, a science and math educator, an education foundation, a computational biologist and two community college science teachers. Course materials include online content and a collection of video-based modules. Student learning outcomes are being assessed and the results are being disseminated at national meetings for science and math teachers.",,,,,,,,
1212307,Rapid Landscape Change in Garwood Valley: Monitoring Buried Glacier Melt and Exploring Pewe's Lost Lake,PLR,ANTARCTIC EARTH SCIENCES,11/4/11,3/8/12,Joseph Levy,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Alexandra Isern,6/30/13,"$338,444.00",,joe.levy@utexas.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5112,,$0.00,"Intellectual Merit: <br/>An expansive stratigraphic column has recently become exposed in Garwood Valley by river erosion into a buried ice mass. This LGM-aged ice is a remnant of the Ross Ice Sheet that filled Garwood Valley ~10-20 ky ago, damming a paleo-lake that has recently been uncovered. The buried ice mass is preserved beneath a cap of paleo-lake deposits, glacial drift, and permafrost landforms. The superimposed deposits provide a meters-thick record of landscape changes that can be well dated due to the presence of several fossil algal mat and carbonate horizons. The PIs propose to quantify paleo- and modern rates of climate-driven landscape change in Garwood Valley. The PIs also propose to quantify the current rate of buried ice removal from Garwood Valley to generate a geomorphological baseline for documenting landscape change associated with future ice removal. Measurements and modeling of the current ablation of buried ice will quantify present landscape changes in the MDV that are being caused by disequilibrium between climate and the landscape. This proposal will address ambiguity over the timing and extent of valley filling in the southern MDV by LGM ice sheets, and the rates and processes of ice sheet drainage from the valleys.<br/><br/>Broader impacts: <br/>This project will provide Antarctic field research opportunities for undergraduate students and graduate students. The dramatic melting occurring in Garwood Valley will serve as a vivid example of climate-driven landscape change in Antarctica will be shared with K-12 students and the public at large through live, in-the-field teleconferences mediated by a public school teacher and expert in science outreach. The data that the project will generate will be synthesized into a 3D tour of the field site with expert commentary, suitable for museum display.",,,,,,,,
1232130,Support for 21st International workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth,EAR,"INSTRUMENTATION & FACILITIES, CONTINENTAL DYNAMICS PROGRAM",8/15/12,7/30/12,Gary Egbert,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Leonard E. Johnson,7/31/13,"$20,000.00",,egbert@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"1580, 1581",,$0.00,"This award provides partial support for the 21st International Workshop on Electromagnetic (EM) Induction in the Earth. This workshop is sponsored every two years by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and is the primary forum for earth scientists in the world to share their EM research and plan international cooperative experiments. The workshop will be held in Darwin, Australia in July, 2012 and will be hosted by the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysics.<br/><br/>EM measurements provide a unique view of the Earth because of the sensitivity of electrical conductivity to temperature, fluids, ore minerals, and lithologic variations. This sensitivity is important in monitoring environmental problems, exploring for energy and mineral occurrences, studying the interior structure of the Earth and other planets, and investigating regions of potential natural and man-made hazards (e.g., seismic, volcanic, unexploded ordinance).<br/><br/>Support is being provided by the PI?s Australian colleagues from Australian organizations and international companies to help defray costs of the convention center rental, publication and publicity expenses, materials for participants, local transportation, and audiovisual equipment. The largest portion of the NSF funds will support travel for students and young scientists. There will also be support for a few senior scientists from developing countries.",,,,,,,,
1130085,NeTS: Small: Student Travel Grants for Attending MobiCom 2011,CNS,RES IN NETWORKING TECH & SYS,7/1/11,6/3/11,Bechir Hamdaoui,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Min Song,6/30/12,"$20,000.00",,hamdaoui@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7363,7556,$0.00,"The purpose of this grant is to support US based graduate students for traveling to and attending the ACM MobiCom 2011 conference to be held in Las Vegas, Nevada on September 19-23, 2011. MobiCom is a premier conference that serves as a meeting point of researchers from academia and industry, as well as practitioners in different fields of wireless networking and mobile computing. In conjunction with the main conference, MobiCom 2011 will also host several workshops and tutorials on topics of emerging interest. The NSF travel grant will allow a diverse set of students from US institutions to participate in this forum and gain valuable experience by interacting with senior researchers as well as peers in this field. Such interactions and exposure can positively influence the quality of the students' individual research and professional growth, in turn shaping the future of wireless networking and mobile computing technology.",,,,,,,,
1125396,RAPID: Training Chief Scientists for the Ocean Research of Tomorrow,OCE,SHIP OPERATIONS,3/15/11,3/15/11,Clare Reimers,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Rose Dufour,2/29/12,"$99,971.00",,creimers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5411,7914,$0.00,"In response to a recent decline in requests for UNOLS facilities, two separate Chief Scientist<br/>Training Cruises are proposed on an Intermediate General Purpose Research Vessel to serve<br/>as forums for teaching early career marine scientists how to effectively plan for, acquire,<br/>utilize and report on time at sea for multi-disciplinary research and educational activities.<br/>The intellectual merit of this program will develop from opportunities given to new investigators<br/>to test compelling research ideas, work collaboratively, use equipment, and acquire samples<br/>critical for developing future oceanographic field programs.<br/>The broader impacts are that as many as 28 new investigators will be trained in the mechanics<br/>of leading expeditionary ocean research while coming to understand how oceanographic research<br/>infrastructure is scheduled, maintained and upgraded. They will also be exposed to standard<br/>sets of observations appropriate to a variety of oceanographic disciplines (e.g., physical,<br/>chemical, biological and geological oceanography) inspiring new ideas for research and the<br/>transfer of science information to the public.",,,,,,,,
1101107,SHF: EAGER: A first empirical test of low ceremony evidence for assessing quality attributes,CCF,SOFTWARE & HARDWARE FOUNDATION,10/1/11,7/27/11,Christopher Scaffidi,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Sol J. Greenspan,9/30/13,"$62,101.00",,cscaffid@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7798,"7916, 7944",$0.00,"Every aspect of modern society, ranging from health care to national defense, depends on the availability of affordable, reliable software. The availability of this software, in turns, depends on helping software engineers to find high-quality components that they can assemble into finished software. Web sites currently provide access to millions of components that perform vital operations related to networking, graphics, data processing, and thousands of other functions. However, software engineers lack a validated, reliable method for selecting high-quality components that they can reuse in new software applications. Lacking such a method, software engineers sometimes use components that turn out, in retrospect, to be extremely difficult to reuse. This difficulty, in turn, increases the time required to create software, the cost of that software, and the potential for subtle bugs.<br/><br/>This research project is expected to provide a validated, reliable model for quickly assessing the reusability of components. This method will make use of ""low-ceremony evidence"" (LCE): information that characterizes different aspects of component quality yet is incremental, often informal, potentially context-dependent, and frequently contradictory. Examples of LCE include reviews, bug reports, and download counts of components. While each piece of LCE provides only an incomplete perspective into a component's quality, preliminary work suggests that the synthesis of LCE can be highly informative about component quality. This new research project (1) will use factor analysis to determine which pieces of LCE are mutually consistent, yielding scales for assessing one or more aspects of quality such as reusability, and (2) will statistically test how well these scales are correlated with the actual empirical difficulty that software engineers report with reusing those components. The resulting validated scales are expected to be useful for automatically assessing the quality of components in online websites. This would make it possible in future work to develop enhanced search engines enabling software engineers to quickly find high-quality components that they can use to create the software that society needs.",,,,,,,,
1062238,Collaborative Research: Seismicity of the Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge and its Large Offset Transforms,EAR,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,7/1/11,4/13/11,Robert Dziak,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Gregory J. Anderson,6/30/15,"$391,185.00",Haruyoshi Matsumoto,robert.dziak@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,1620,$0.00,"The sizes and locations of earthquakes recorded by eight hydrophones moored in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean provide an unparalleled view of the seismicity of the poorly understood slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge in this region. The data also allow testing of the idea that earthquakes can be predicted at ocean transform faults, and they provide insight into how triple junctions (where three tectonic plates meet) work. The Equatorial Atlantic seafloor has not been studied extensively but is interesting for many reasons. First, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis is offset on some of the longest transform faults in the oceans. As an example, the Romanche transform is greater than 900 km long. In places, the transform offsets are so large that the total length of the transform faults is longer than the total length of the ridge axis. These fracture zones are extremely rugged, are important conduits for bottom water moving between the North and South Atlantic Ocean, and probably act as physical barriers blocking the transport of hydrothermal vent fauna along the ridge axis. The Equatorial Atlantic transforms are ideal for testing the short-term predictability of earthquakes at ocean transform faults and the results may help in understanding earthquakes on continental faults. A second interesting aspect of the region is that it contains the triple junction where the North America, South America, and Africa tectonic plates meet. The exact location of the triple junction is still a matter of debate, and this study will help to define its location. Third, the location of the plate boundary between the North America and South America plates is not known even though there is motion between the plates. The earthquakes recorded by the hydrophones provide important new information about the motion of these two plates, and how and where that motion is taking place. The hydrophone array also records a variety of natural and man-made noises and will facilitate a wide-range of studies beyond the scope of the proposed work. Examples include the use of ambient sound measurements to study various climate research topics, including estimating wave heights, rainfall intensity and wind speed during hurricanes. In addition, recorded whale vocalizations allow the distribution and migration of these animals to be tracked throughout the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean.",,,,,,,,
1059920,Water column POM dynamics in Cascadia Margin: effects/controls on seasonal hypoxia and acidification,OCE,CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,3/15/11,3/15/11,Miguel Goni,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Donald L. Rice,2/28/14,"$266,162.00",,mgoni@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1670,"1389, EGCH, 1382",$0.00,"In Cascadia Margin, strong, wind-driven upwelling during the summer months asserts control on particulate organic matter (POM), oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) dynamics in the region. It is the wind-driven upwelling of O2-poor, CO2- and nutrient-rich waters that make Cascadia Margin vulnerable to ocean acidification and hypoxia. A scientist from Oregon State University seeks to partner with an on-going NOAA-funded project to gather high resolution data on POM concentration and composition. Results from this study will be used to (1) determine the spatial/temporal distribution of POM in the water column of Cascadia Margin during the 2011 upwelling season at comparable resolution to the planned measurements of dissolved gases and nutrients by the NOAA group; (2) characterize the biogeochemical compositions POM from different regions and depths of the water column along Cascadia Margin to elucidate changes in its source and reactivity; and (3) relate POM concentrations/compositions to in-situ optical properties to develop algorithms. In addition, because the POM data will complement the spatial and temporal coverage of oxygen and inorganic carbon dynamics to be obtained by NOAA, both datasets can be readily integrated to critically evaluate the role of POM cycling on seasonal hypoxia and acidification.<br/><br/>In terms of broader impacts, outreach efforts in concert with the Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence Pacific Partnership would be carried out. In addition, it is anticipated that the scientist would continue his participation in workshops for community college faculty to help improve their curricula, as well as provide high school and community college teachers the opportunity to participate in research cruises. One undergraduate student recruited via the Oregon State Native Americans in Science, Engineering and Natural Resources program would be supported and trained as part of this project.",,,,,,,,
1061233,Collaborative Research: The role of calcifying algae as a determinant of rocky intertidal macrophyte community structure at a meta-ecosystem scale,OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,4/1/11,3/22/11,Bruce Menge,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,3/31/15,"$749,999.00","Sally Hacker, Francis Chan",mengeb@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,"1382, 4444, EGCH",$0.00,"Environmental stress models have recently been modified to incorporate the influence of facilitation to join negative effects such as predation, competition, and abiotic stress as determinants of community structure. Nevertheless, our empirical understanding of the processes that regulate the expression of facilitation effects across systems and the potential for facilitation to amplify or dampen the ecological consequences of climate change remains limited. This project focuses on facilitation dynamics in the broader meta-ecosystem concept, which hypothesizes that variation among communities depends not only on locally-varying species interactions and impacts of abiotic factors such as environmental stress and physical disturbance but also on regionally- and globally-varying ecosystem processes such as dispersal and flows of materials such as nutrients and carbon. The investigators will study the influence of a potentially critical facilitative interaction between coralline algal turfs and canopy-forming macrophytes including kelps and surfgrass in a rocky intertidal meta-ecosystem. The research will be conducted in a climate change context, with a focus on how the macrophyte-coralline interaction is influenced by ocean conditions, including factors driven by variable upwelling (temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton abundance, and light) and increases in ocean acidification, which vary in a mosaic pattern along the coast of the northern California Current (NCC) in Oregon and northern California.<br/><br/>The goal of the project is to test the hypothesis that the coralline turf-macrophyte canopy interaction is a cardinal interaction in the determination of low rocky intertidal community structure, and that disruption of this interaction would dramatically alter the structure and function of this kelp- and surfgrass-dominated assemblage. The project will take advantage of, and enhance, a research platform established across 17 sites spanning ~800 km in the NCC coastal meta-ecosystem with prior NSF funding that will at each site: (1) quantify ocean conditions, including temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton, light (PAR), and carbonate chemistry to document the response of community structure oceanographic variation across a meta ecosystem mosaic; (2) carry out field experiments testing the nature of the interaction between coralline algal turfs (primarily Corallina vancouveriensis) and dominant canopy species, the kelp Saccharina sessile and the surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri; and (3) carry out laboratory experiments focusing on the mechanism of the interaction, specifically testing the effects of carbonate chemistry, light, temperature, and nutrients. Component (1) will employ both remote sensors deployed in the intertidal (fluorometers, thermal sensors, PAR sensors, and a recently developed pH sensor) and direct sampling (nutrients, phytoplankton, pCO2, and pH) to quantify the in situ exposure regime of benthic primary producers to resources, energy, and environmental stress across spatial scales. These metrics will be combined with a newly developed index for quantifying local-scale variation in upwelling intensity to characterize the linkages between climate forcing and ecosystem state. Coupling oceanography with our field and laboratory experiments will provide unique and valuable insights into how the current state of rocky intertidal ecosystems is likely to be altered in the future.<br/><br/>Intellectual Merit. The project will contribute one of the first studies to test the community consequences of varying upwelling and CO2 across an ecosystem scale. How these factors alter the direct and indirect interactions of key species is of fundamental importance in our efforts to learn how field ecosystems will respond to climate change. Such knowledge is crucial to our efforts to manage and conserve marine communities facing human-induced variation in climate.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts. The project will integrate research and education in a variety of ways. Three of the PIs (Hacker, Menge, Nielsen) have undergraduate and graduate teaching responsibilities, which involve instruction and training in marine ecology. Each makes a major effort to foster the participation of underrepresented groups in lab and field activities. Nielsen's position at SSU, a four-year undergraduate institution with few funded research programs, offers a rare chance for SSU undergraduates to participate in a first-rate research experience. All PIs are engaged in regional planning for marine protected areas. Finally, the work will provide insight into the consequences of predicted changes in coastal oceanic regions due to human activity and resulting climate change, thereby giving the research societal significance. The PIs will work with a policy and outreach program to communicate the research beyond academic circles to the wider public and stakeholders.",,,,,,,,
1243760,Microbial cycling of volatile organic carbon in the marine surface layer,OCE,"CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY",7/15/12,5/10/13,Stephen Giovannoni,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Donald L. Rice,6/30/14,"$234,218.00",Kimberly Halsey,steve.giovannoni@orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"1670, 1650","4444, 7916, 9169, 9189, EGCH",$0.00,"The prevalence in bacterioplankton genomes of specialized genes for the metabolism of volatile organic compounds is a ""smoking gun"" that points to a hidden VOC cycle potentially of significant magnitude. With funding provided through this EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER), researchers at Oregon State University and the University of Colorado at Boulder will gather new evidence about the VOC cycle in the ocean photic zone by: 1) measuring the turnover rates of VOC compounds by plankton communities on a Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) cruise, and 2) identifying the organisms and biochemical machinery that mediate VOC oxidation. This research is potentially transformative because quantitative evidence indicating significant VOC cycling would cause an overhaul of carbon cycle models and focus attention on specialized metabolic processes that have received little attention and are poorly characterized. This research is high risk for similar reasons: while mounting evidence points to a significant ""hidden carbon cycle"", its importance will not be known until its magnitude is measured, and the achievement of this goal requires an investment in specialized knowledge and technology.<br/><br/>The project is a collaboration between atmospheric chemists and marine microbiologists who bring together the knowledge and technology needed to solve this problem on a SOLAS cruise and in a laboratory setting. Measurements of the seawater concentrations of VOC compounds (e.g. methanol, formaldehyde, dimethylsulfide, trimethyamine, trimethylamine oxide, acetonitrile, acetone, isoprene, glyoxal, methylglyoxal and acetaldehyde) and turnover rates determined by the incubation of isotopically-labeled compounds with microbial plankton suspensions will provide information about variation in these geochemical processes across a transect that extends from a productive continental shelf to an oligotrophic subtropical gyre. Later the same team will measure the production and oxidation of these compounds by microbial isolates in a controlled setting, focusing on biochemical pathways that oxidize one carbon (C1) units from Oxidized VOC (OVOC) and methylated dissolved organic carbon (MDOC). Comprehensive measurements of microbial diversity in the field and transcriptome responses in the laboratory will set the stage for future research linking VOC cycling to specific organisms, metabolic pathways and genes, and for understanding when, and in response to what selective pressures, the microbial community engages in these processes.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: VOCs play varied and important roles in atmospheric chemistry, acting as precursors for photochemical formation of ozone and aerosol, i.e. two secondary pollutants that also affect the radiative forcing of climate. Information about biological sources and sinks of VOCs in the ocean surface could result in a better understanding of the underlying causes of variation in air/sea VOC fluxes, and potentially could alter predictions about the impact of climate change on ocean surface ecology and air/sea interactions. Additionally, the project will address biochemical mechanisms that underlie VOC cycling and should provide experimental evidence about relevant gene functions. Therefore, revised gene annotations resulting from this work could improve the accuracy of future predictions of VOC metabolism made from genomes and metagenomes. This proposal includes support for postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students and is integrated with the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology's NSF funded Center for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (COSEE) program, bringing training and experience from this project to community college professors.",,,,,,,,
1061690,Collaborative Research: Three-Dimensional Surfzone Eddies,OCE,PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,6/1/11,5/25/11,H. Tuba Ozkan-Haller,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Eric C. Itsweire,5/31/15,"$395,826.00",,ozkan@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1610,,$0.00,"Surfzone eddies mix pollutants, erode coast- lines, endanger swimmers, and transport marine organisms. Eddies may be directly forced by groups of breaking surface gravity waves, or may develop as shear instabilities of mean alongshore currents ('shear production'). The relative importance of direct forcing and shear production has not yet been determined, but recent numerical simulations suggest that wave group forcing may be an important, yet mostly neglected, factor. Surfzone eddies have often been viewed as two-dimensional and depth-independent, but recent observations indicate that eddies can in fact be strongly three-dimensional. Indeed, observed three-dimensionality can be so strong that total shear production cannot be calculated unless depth-dependence is resolved. This study will examine the dynamics of three-dimensional surfzone eddies using depth-resolving field observations and numerical modeling.<br/><br/>A 15-element array of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) will be deployed to gather the first synoptic, vertically-resolved observations of surfzone mean currents and eddies. ADCP observations will be used in conjunction with a numerical model that will take advantage of recently developed 3D wave forcing formulations, while also simulating eddy generation by wave groups. Shear production and direct forcing terms in the eddy energy equation will be evaluated in a range of numerical simulations, and in observations, to determine their relative importance under a variety of incident-wave conditions. The project will provide the first horizontally-resolved in-situ observations of near-surface eddy motions. In addition to quantifying magnitudes, phasing, and de-correlation across-shore, the team will test whether alongshore propagation speeds and de-correlation distances vary in the vertical (both vary across-shore). These observations will be compared with simulations. Numerical simulations and observations, especially vertical phasing and coherence with wave groups, will be examined to distinguish vertical shear generated by breaking from shear generated by bottom friction or horizontal advection. Simulations will be used to study the effects of three- dimensionality on mixing, including possible rapid lateral mixing of passive tracers and momentum.<br/><br/>This experiment will build on substantial existing resources, including Washington State University experience working with ADCPs, and Oregon State University expertise in three-dimensional circulation modeling. Deployment and recovery will carried out by one of the world's best-equipped field crews at the US Army Corps of Engineers' Field Research Facility. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts: This project will improve our understanding of the nearshore eddies that mix pollutants and organisms, transport sediments, and endanger swimmers. A community model for predicting nearshore currents and eddies will be tested and refined and made available to the community, constituting an important step towards the goal of a predictive model for surfzone pollution. Such a model would be valuable to managers, who must currently rely on bacterial cultures that are slow to return actionable results. Field data, constituting the first depth-resolving synoptic measurements of surfzone mean currents, and the first profiling array to extend 1 km from the shore to the inner shelf, will be made available to the oceanographic community. Three graduate students will be funded. To disseminate knowledge beyond universities, students will likely partner with high school teachers (through Washington State University's GK-12 program) and PIs will partner with a community college teacher (facilitated by the COSEE program).",,,,,,,,
1210520,DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Effects of community structure on host-pathogen dynamics of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis,DEB,POP & COMMUNITY ECOL PROG,6/1/12,5/9/12,Andrew Blaustein,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Alan James Tessier,5/31/14,"$11,719.00",Julia Buck,blaustea@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,1182,"1182, 9179, SMET, 9169,",$0.00,"The recent emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife has brought increased attention to their role in current population declines and species extinctions. One such disease is the chytrid fungus, which infects amphibians globally, is often lethal to the host, and is associated with species extinctions. Recent research has found that zooplankton can consume the infective stage of this pathogen, but it is unknown whether this is ecologically important for protecting amphibian populations from infection. This project will combine laboratory experiments with surveys of lakes in the Sierra Nevada Mountains to answer the question of how zooplankton affects the dynamics of chytrid infection in frog species. Experiments will investigate whether consumption of the chytrid fungus by zooplankton reduces infection levels for two different life stages of frog species under controlled environmental conditions. These results will be compared to data from a field survey of the chydrid fungus in the natural lakes. This field study will quantify interrelationships among infection intensity of endangered mountain-yellow legged frog hosts, zooplankton, and the presence of predatory fish. <br/><br/>Understanding the causes for losses in biodiversity is a pressing challenge in conservation biology. This research will contribute to urgently needed control measures for the emerging infectious chytrid pathogen responsible for worldwide population declines and extinctions of amphibians. Several undergraduate students will be given research training in experimental and field ecology. This project will also develop teaching modules on emerging disease and conservation issues that will be presented to groups of middle and high school students from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds visiting Oregon State University through pre-college programs.",,,,,,,,
1244633,Exocyst-Mediated Pathways to the Plant Cell Surface,MCB,Cellular Dynamics and Function,7/15/13,7/15/13,John Fowler,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Gregory W. Warr,6/30/15,"$139,999.00",Valerian Dolja,fowlerj@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,1114,"1114, 7465, 9177",$0.00,"INTELLECTUAL MERIT<br/>This project seeks to understand the mechanisms by which plant cells control the delivery of proteins and other functional molecules to their outer surface, the region defined by the plasma membrane and surrounding cell wall. This process is known as vesicle trafficking, as proteins are produced within the cell, packaged into small, membrane-bound carriers (vesicles), and then moved to the plasma membrane for final delivery. This process is important because: 1) it is the primary mechanism used to build and to control the plant cell interface with its outside environment, which can affect how the plant interacts with harmful or beneficial microbes; 2) it is crucial for cell growth; 3) it is a regulator of cell-cell communication between cells; and 4) it is crucial for the acquisition of nutrients from the surrounding environment via specialized plasma membrane-localized protein transporters. The molecular mechanisms regarding how vesicle trafficking are controlled are not well understood. One player that appears likely to control this process in plant cells is the eight-protein exocyst complex, which provides spatial regulation at the plasma membrane for vesicle trafficking. This project uses the Arabidopsis root hair as a model and investigates the exocyst-mediated vesicle trafficking pathway (EMVT). EMVT is required for proper growth of the root hair, a key structure for nutrient acquisition. The project seeks to understand how root hair growth relies on EMVT through: 1) Characterization of exocyst interactions with other known components of the vesicle trafficking system; and 2) Molecular identification of a new gene (NERD1) which interacts functionally with the exocyst in the Arabidopsis root hair. The project should build a deeper understanding of how the function of plasma membrane-targeted molecules is enabled and controlled, and how precise patterns of cellular growth are affected.<br/><br/>BROADER IMPACTS<br/>The knowledge generated in this project may have broad implications for plant physiology and development. Due to its hypothesized connection to the plasma membrane, EMVT may help mediate interactions between root and soil. Thus, this work could inform applied work that seeks to manage plant responses to abiotic stress induced by the surrounding environment (e.g. drought, salinity, and nutrient-poor soils), to pathogens, and to interactions with the rhizosphere microbial community. In addition, the project will train a postdoctoral researcher in integrating genetic, cell biological and next-generation sequencing approaches, and will mentor undergraduate students in plant genetic research. Finally, this project will support outreach efforts to high school students through the Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering program at Oregon State University.",,,,,,,,
1103434,Glacial-Interglacial Change in California Current System Dynamics: A New Alkenone Perspective,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,6/1/11,5/23/11,Fredrick Prahl,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Candace O. Major,5/31/15,"$324,959.00",,fprahl@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, 1620, OTHR",$0.00,"The California Current System (CCS) is a setting where several recent studies, focusing on the mechanisms and effects of glacial/interglacial climate change in North America and the North Pacific Ocean, employ the unsaturation patterns of alkenone biomarkers as a proxy for mean annual sea surface temperature (SST). However, the CCS is also a setting where dramatic changes in upwelling are known to occur in response to the very climate variation that these SST proxy records are employed to reconstruct. Knowing that the seasonal and depth distribution of phytoplankton, including alkenone producers, can depend heavily on the nutrient regime, what ramifications might this fact hold for interpretation of down core alkenone based SST records along the California margin? The investigators at Oregon State University hypothesize that changes in upwelling behavior and nutrient input along the northeast Pacific margin during glacial periods have shaped the SST proxy record and, thus, the research community's current understanding of how North Pacific climate responds to external forcing. <br/><br/>The investigators will measure alkenone unsaturation patterns and hydrogen isotopic composition in sediments from the modern northeast Pacific margin to track the effects of nutrient stress on the alkenone signal exported to the sea floor. Measurements will then be made on sediments from the same region at the last glacial maximum, as well as with roughly 4,000-year resolution at three representative sites through the last full glacial cycle. Through comparison of latitudinal trends in the results, the investigators will test their hypothesis that significant shifts occurred in the pattern of alkenone production through the glacial history of the CCS. If demonstrated, paleotemperature records from this region can be re-evaluated with the benefit of this improved ecological context. Current conceptions of the relationship between North Pacific climate and CCS strength, drawn from these fossil signatures, may be refined. <br/><br/>This project is best summarized as an effort to resolve important open questions surrounding the mechanisms and timing of North American/North Pacific climate change while simultaneously evaluating the utility of a powerful new tracer of paleo ecology. Fundamental understanding of these relationships is of direct importance as the scientific community attempts to determine the significance of recent anomalous CCS upwelling seasons and their ties to the currently changing atmospheric conditions in the North Pacific. Funding will support an advanced graduate student who has been centrally involved in developing the ideas upon which this research project is based.",,,,,,,,
1213612,Rapid Response Research (RAPID) Proposal to NSF Hydrologic Sciences: Impacts of Forest Fire on Snow Accumulation and Melt,EAR,HYDROLOGIC SCIENCES,2/1/12,1/23/12,Anne Nolin,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas Torgersen,1/31/13,"$18,436.00",,nolina@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1579,7914,$0.00,"Recent work documenting snow-vegetation interactions in burned and unburned forests show that burned forests experience increased snow accumulation but earlier and more rapid melt. Burned areas also experience higher wind speeds and as a result, increased sublimation losses and sensible heat inputs. At the local-to-watershed scale, wildfire-derived black carbon sloughing from burned trees onto the snowpack has been suggested as an additional important forcing of earlier melt and anecdotal evidence suggests that snowpacks in the wildfire areas appear to be experiencing this forcing. The effects of fire are likely to represent a new paradigm for snow-vegetation dynamics and their hydrologic impacts. <br/><br/>This hydrologic research will focus on a recently burned headwaters catchment, Shadow Lake in the Oregon Cascades, which typically receives over 2 m of snow water equivalent each winter. This research will provide substantial direct results on the impacts of wildfire on snowpack accumulation and ablation and the magnitudes of the mechanisms involved. Paired sites will allow us to quantify site differences, 3-dimensional measurements will provide key vegetation structure information, transects provide information across burned-unburned gradients and between recent and older burn sites, and data from monitoring networks will provide key spatial and temporal contextual information. The results of this work will provide important insights into the hydrologic impacts of fire on snowpack dynamics with potential to redefine the paradigm of snow-vegetation interactions in fire-affected watersheds.",,,,,,,,
1049682,Detecting Local Earthquakes in a Noisy Continental Margin Environment,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,2/15/11,2/8/11,Anne Trehu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Bilal U. Haq,1/31/13,"$103,966.00",,trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, 1620, OTHR",$0.00,"Assessing earthquake risk due to seismicity along the Cascadia margin from northern California to southern British Columbia is a matter of great public interest. Studies of regional seismicity recorded by arrays of seismographs are a primary tool for this purpose, but to date such studies have been largely limited to onshore arrays. In the upcoming Cascadia project, onshore instrumentation will be complemented by deployments of 60 or more Ocean Bottom Seismographs (OBS) off the Cascadia coast for several years. A modest deployment of OBSs off the Oregon coast in 2007-2009 has demonstrated the great difficulty of separating relevant seismic events in OBS data from impulsive signals of probable biological origin. This project seeks to develop computer automated methods for separating seismic signals from extraneous signals in the OBS data, particularly for instruments located in shallow water near the coast. The project has a number of broader impacts, but by far the most significant is the very high societal relevance of developing these techniques for studies of seismicity and seismic hazards in general, and for the Cascadia project in particular.",,,,,,,,
1130125,History and future of coastal upwelling modes and biological responses in the California Current,OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,9/1/11,9/1/11,Bryan Black,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,5/31/13,"$337,992.00","William Sydeman, Steven Bograd",bryan.black@utexas.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,0,$0.00,"Climate variability on multiple temporal scales is increasingly recognized as a major factor influencing the structure, functioning, and productivity of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). Yet, despite many long-term and integrative studies, a detailed understanding of climatic impacts on upwelling and biological processes is still lacking, compromising our abilities to assess important concepts such as ecosystem ""health"" and ""resilience."" To address these issues in the central-northern CCE, the PIs have recently collated and analyzed records of rockfish and salmon growth and seabird reproductive success with respect to upwelling variability (NSF award #0929017). These diverse, multi-decadal time series revealed the importance of wintertime upwelling on ecosystem structure and function, even though upwelling, a principal driver of productivity in the CCE, is largely a summertime process. This research led to an unexpected discovery that winter and summer upwelling vary independently of one another in distinct seasonal ""modes"", with some biological processes affected by the winter mode and others by the summer mode. This is of significance because the summer mode shows a long-term increase (despite inter-decadal variability) while the winter mode does not. <br/><br/>Intellectual Merit: In this new project, the PIs will test the overarching hypothesis that upwelling modes are forced by contrasting atmospheric-oceanographic processes, exhibit contrasting patterns of low- and high-frequency variability, and will be differentially impacted by global climate change with corresponding impacts on biology. To address this hypothesis the PIs propose a three-tiered approach to better understand seasonal upwelling modes and their differential impacts on biology of the CCE. First, they will examine the responses of an entirely new suite of species to upwelling modes, including Pacific sardine (recruitment), black rockfish (growth), rhinoceros auklet and Brandt's cormorant (survival), and coho salmon (survival). Previously, coarsely resolved upwelling indices were used in these analyses, but the PIs now will integrate winds and temperatures from local buoy data to better capture climate variability on finer timescales. Second, they will derive a more mechanistic understanding of seasonal upwelling modes and use this information in combination with global climate models to forecast upwelling responses under various climate-change scenarios. Third, preliminary results indicate that tree-ring data co-vary with the fish and seabirds and are similarly sensitive to a driver of winter upwelling, the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI). The PIs will use tree-ring data to provide a 300-400 year reconstruction of the winter NOI to assess the historical range of variability in upwelling mean and variance. This study will reveal the past, present forcing, and potential future of upwelling and its biological consequences in the California Current.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: This study will explore the history, future, and biological impacts of independent, seasonal climate modes and their impacts on key species. In so doing, the PIs will develop an understanding of coupled climate-ecosystem change that will be contributed to state, national, and international policy-makers, including the California Cooperative Climate Adaptation Team (CO-CAT)and the IPCC Assessment Report 5. The PIs will develop and test biological and physical indicators of California Current ecosystem productivity and will make this information available for management, specifically fisheries stock and integrated ecosystem assessments. The project will provide cross-training for 2 post-doctoral research associates, 2 other young scientists, and 1 undergraduate in physical oceanography, marine ecology, quantitative skills, communication, as well as the business of science, such as project and fiscal management and fund-raising.",,,,,,,,
1162616,Multihazard Performance and Design of Ecoroofs,CMMI,HAZARD MIT & STRUCTURAL ENG,7/1/12,4/8/12,Christopher Higgins,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Kishor Mehta,6/30/15,"$335,000.00","Armin Stuedlein, Mary Ann Triska, H. Benjamin Mason",chris.higgins@orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1637,"036E, 039E, 040E, 043E, 1576",$0.00,"The proliferation of ""green roofs"" or more generally, ecoroofs in the United States has increased dramatically in the last ten years and has radically expanded the historical function of a roof. Ecoroofs offer new opportunities to provide environmental, economical, and social benefits. However, ecoroofs carry higher gravity loads and must support long-duration transient fluid loading compared to traditional systems. This shift in roof design demands has outpaced building codes and regulations, and more importantly exceeded our fundamental understanding of roof structural behaviors under these nontraditional loads. Regrettably, conventionally engineered roofs account for a disproportionately large number of structural failures with over $1 billion in damages since 1990 for a single insurer. Proper design of ecoroofs to ensure structural safety and serviceability of these relatively ""sensitive"" structural components requires research to address these three critical questions: <br/>1.Under earthquake induced roof shaking, does the ecoroof planting material mobilize? To what degree is the ecoroof planting material coupled to the structure? Can roof dead load imbalances be expected after an earthquake?<br/>2.During rain events, what are the load effects produced on ecoroofs and over what time-scales? How loads are distributed in ecoroofs and will traditional design approaches ensure ponding stability and prevent overloading? <br/>3.What are the engineering properties of typical ecoroof planting materials? Which properties are most critical to achieving ecoroof performance during seismic and rain events?<br/><br/>This project is the first to examine the structural, geotechnical, and planting interactions on ecoroof seismic performance. The research focuses on system response to demonstrate the important interactions of the design elements. An ecoroof structural simulator will be developed to test full-scale laboratory ecoroof prototypes and will be integrated with field survey and component laboratory data to produce new knowledge on fluid-structure interaction at the roof including: planting material mobility during lateral shaking, water retention and drainage characteristics, and long-term service performance. These will provide background material for development of a structural guide for ecoroof designs in seismic zones.",,,,,,,,
1332385,ESE: Spatial Interactive Optimization for Restoration of Upland Storage in Watersheds: Community Participation in the Design of Distributed Practices and Alternatives,EAR,"DECISION RISK & MANAGEMENT SCI, HYDROLOGIC SCIENCES, ENV., SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY",8/31/12,3/28/13,Meghna Babbar-Sebens,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas Torgersen,9/30/14,"$279,213.00",,meghna@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"1321, 1579, 7962",,$0.00,"PROPOSAL TITLE: ESE: Spatial Interactive Optimization for Restoration of Upland Storage in Watersheds: Community Participation in the Design of Distributed Practices and Alternatives<br/><br/>PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Meghna Babbar-Sebens, Assistant Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis.<br/><br/>CO-PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Snehasis Mukhopadhyay, Associate Professor, Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis.<br/><br/>COLLABORATOR: Dr. Edna Loehman, Emeritus Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University.<br/><br/>Abstract<br/><br/>The alteration of the natural hydrologic cycle due to human activities -- such as deforestation, artificial agricultural drainage systems, urbanization, and residential development has resulted in loss of multiple ecosystem services (e.g. flood attenuation and water quality control) that were previously provided naturally by various landscape features in river basins and watersheds. Re-naturalization of the hydrologic cycle in degraded watersheds has been proposed to replace lost storage on floodplains with upland storage. At the same time, agronomic practices recommended by USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service can improve water quality and habitat. This research focuses on the design of a distributed upland storage system, with design involving the selection of sites, scales, structural changes, and agronomic practices for agricultural landscapes in a degraded watershed. We will use the Eagle Creek Watershed (HUC 11 watershed) for development and demonstration of design methods. Because there are a large number of alternative sites, scales, and mitigation methods, and because there are multiple criteria for selection of locations and methods, design is complex. Quantifiable criteria for selection include downstream flood volume, cost of mitigation, loss of habitat, etc. As in any decision problem, there are also unquantifiable criteria such as inconvenience and loss of productivity and control for private land holders. Because upland re-naturalization must occur on private land, there must be voluntary agreement for any mitigation measures. To address both complexity and acceptability to land holders, our research will integrate computational tools (GIS, simulation, optimization algorithms, etc.) for quantified criteria with community participation to address un-quantified criteria. Specific objectives are: 1) Develop a simulation-visualization framework for stakeholders to assess mitigation alternatives under conditions of climate change. 2) Develop and investigate interactive, multi-objective, and stochastic optimization approaches for including single and multiple stakeholders' participation to generate preferred alternatives that reflect non-quantitative and local criteria. 3) Compare efficacy of the interactive approach with non-interactive optimization through stakeholder assessment. Though we demonstrate the usefulness of the approach for Eagle Creek Watershed, IN, it can, however, be applicable to many other areas and problems.",,,,,,,,
1140400,Collaborative Research: Mental Models of Students and Practitioners in the Development of an Authentic Assessment Instrument for Traffic Signal Engineering,DUE,"S-STEM:SCHLR SCI TECH ENG&MATH, TUES-Type 1 Project",4/15/12,4/20/12,David Hurwitz,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Amy Chan Hilton,3/31/15,"$107,990.00",,david.hurwitz@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,"1536, 7513","9178, SMET",$0.00,"Developing conceptual knowledge situated in engineering practice has been identified as a priority by national leaders in engineering education, with the theoretically-founded expectation that it will result in students who are more capable of innovative engineering design. Progress toward this goal requires understanding fundamental ways of knowing and learning of both engineering students and engineering practitioners, coupled with the design of research-based curriculum. The goals of this research are to synthesize early career professionals' and students' mental models of traffic signals and use this knowledge to develop a fully validated traffic signal concept inventory (TSCI) along with a set of ranking task exercises in traffic signal operations relevant to engineering practice. This will be the first development of a concept inventory and conceptual exercises using engineering practitioner knowledge. This work will: 1) Determine core concepts for isolated traffic signals, coordinated traffic signals, and systems of traffic signals; 2) Synthesize student and practitioner conceptual understanding of these traffic signals; 3) Develop a situated concept inventory and ranking tasks for traffic signals; and 4) Implement the TSCI and ranking tasks at 12 universities throughout the US and actively disseminate the research results. In the first year of implementation hundreds of students will be assessed with the validated TSCI. This study is significant because it advances the field by identifying differences in conceptual understanding between practicing engineers and students and develops a concept inventory instrument and conceptual ranking exercises incorporating practitioner understandings.",,,,,,,,
1067572,"Inhibition of Nitrosomonas europaea by Ag+ and Ag-NP : Determining the influence of aqueous chemistry, capping agents, growth stage and gene expression on inhibition",CBET,Enviro Health & Safety of Nano,4/1/11,7/17/13,Lewis Semprini,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Nora Savage,3/31/15,"$337,179.00",Tyler Radniecki,lewis.semprini@orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1179,"011E, 7237, 9251",$0.00,"The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) as a broad spectrum biocide in a wide range of consumer goods has grown exponentially in recent years, which will result in an increased release of Ag-NP into wastewater streams and ultimately the receiving bodies. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) play a critical role in the global nitrogen cycle and in the removal of nitrogen during wastewater treatment, thus preventing eutrophication of receiving waters. AOB are also widely considered to be the most sensitive fauna in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and are readily inhibited by many industrial contaminants including Ag-NP. This interdisciplinary proposal integrates the application of genomic and physiological assays with physical and chemical characterization techniques to elucidate the fate of Ag-NP in various water matrices, to identify the inhibition mechanism(s) of Ag-NP and to characterize the defense and recovery mechanisms employed by Nitrosomonas europaea, the model AOB, upon exposure to Ag-NP. <br/>The hypotheses that will be tested with the proposed experiments are: i) The fate of Ag-NP in natural and engineered systems, including dissolution, aggregation and partitioning to cells will depend on the capping agent used to stabilize the Ag-NP. ii) Ag-NP will inhibit N. europaea activity differently than silver ions (Ag+) and the inhibition is highly influenced by the capping agent, the size of the Ag-NP, the aqueous chemistry of the test media and the growth phase of the cells. iii) Transcriptional responses will differ between N. europaea cells exposed to Ag-NP and Ag+. iv) Sentinel genes can be identified and used to detect Ag+ and Ag-NP at sub-inhibitory concentrations in sequencing batch reactor and biofilm studies mimicking WWTP conditions. v) Biofilms will be more resistant to Ag+ and Ag-NP inhibition. <br/><br/>Intellectual Merit <br/>This project will examine aggregation, partitioning to cells, and dissolution behavior of a suite of Ag-NPs with different capping agents in relevant water matrices. The inhibition of N. europaea by Ag+ and Ag-NP will then be evaluated in batch systems with tests focusing on the combinations of Ag-NP (with varying capping agents) and aqueous chemistries, including the presence of divalent They will then conduct microarray experiments to determine if Ag+ and Ag-NP cause a differential gene expression and will identify new sentinel genes for Ag+ and Ag-NP. Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and biofilm experiments will be performed to determine the effects of both long- and short-term Ag+ and Ag-NP exposure on N. europaea. They will determine how well sentinel genes are correlated with Ag-NP concentrations. They will also investigate vertical profiles of nitrification within natural and artificial biofilms using microsensor techniques and will evaluate the spatial distribution of Ag-NP using a Laser Capture Microdissection Microscope. Spatial samples of the biofilm will be used to determine gene expression using qRT-PCR and TEM imaging coupled with elemental analysis will be used to determine the Ag-NP concentrations profiles. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts <br/>The work includes: Sentinel genes will be identified that can be used to detect the presence of Ag-NP and Ag+, at sub-inhibitory levels. These genes might be used in the development of biosensors for use in wastewater treatment and the environmental sensing of Ag-NP. Physiological consequences of inhibitory effects of Ag-NP as well as damage to cellular functions will also be determined for N. europaea, a model AOB. This research will be among the first to characterize how different capping agents affect the partitioning of Ag-NP and will add to the limited knowledge of the inhibition observed in biofilms. The researchers are members of the Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Initiative (http://www.greennano.org/). Thus there is synergy with the activities being conducted as part of that Initiative, including interactions with companies manufacturing Ag-NP. <br/>A post-doctoral, graduate and undergraduate student will be involved in the research. As in their past NSF-funded work, mentoring opportunities for the post-doc and graduate student include the independent supervision of undergraduate research, participation in grant writing, presenting at conferences, and publishing manuscripts as the lead and communicating author. They also plan to continue their involvement of under-represented undergraduate and high school students in this research through their continued participation in the Science and Engineering Summer Experience for Youths (http://cbee.oregonstate.edu/ sesey/), Saturday Academy (http://academy.engr.oregonstate.edu/) and the OSU Engineering Women and Minorities Tektronix Scholars program (http://engr.oregonstate.edu/wme/).",,,,,,,,
1154094,Collaborative Research: High Precision 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology and Paleomagnetism to Determine the History and Consequences of Louisville Mantle Plume Motion,OCE,OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM,4/1/12,4/6/12,Anthony Koppers,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas Janecek,3/31/15,"$145,401.00",,akoppers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5720,"0000, OTHR, 5720",$0.00,"A major outstanding question in geodynamics is whether primary hotspots in the Pacific, like the Hawaiian and Louisville hotspots, experienced similar amounts of plume motion or whether they moved independently. In December 2010 IODP Expedition 330 to the Louisville seamount trail set out to answer this critical question. Preliminary shipboard paleomagnetic data (although based upon limited shipboard sampling) clearly show the Louisville hotspot did not experience the same large 15ˇ shift in paleolatitude as recorded for the Hawaiian hotspot between 80 and 50 Ma. Critically, these shipboard data neither allow for estimates of the duration of volcanism at individual sites drilled nor for the inclination of many cooling units (about half have no data yet or only a single sample). As importantly, the abundance of (mostly submarine) volcaniclastic material recovered makes estimating the paleolatitudes less straightforward than for the sites on the Hawaii-Emperor trail, where a sequence of discrete (primarilythat might be expected to have random directions, instead have consistent inclinations that are similar to those of intercalated lava flows and therefore may provide valuable paleolatitude information. The proponents therefore propose additional 40 Ar/39 Ar age determinations, paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies, and integration of additional shore-based and shipboard data (e.g. borehole magnetic anomalies) that will allow the to address the following questions: <br/><br/>1. How long did it take to build the volcanic sequences drilled during Expedition 330 and are these intervals (and associated quiescence periods) long enough to average out secular variation?<br/>2. Do Louisville seamounts have post-erosional volcanism and if so what is its duration?<br/>3. What is the origin of consistent inclinations in some volcaniclastic units and do these provide a time-averaged remanence that can improve paleolatitude estimates?<br/>4. Are the inclination data from the Louisville seamounts sufficiently similar to provide a robust paleolatitude from pooled data?<br/>5. Can we use the ages and paleolatitude history of the Louisville hotspot to improve absolute plate motion models for Pacific plate?<br/><br/>The results of this study will allow the proponents to (1) provide the most accurate and precise age framework for volcanic activity along the Louisville seamount trail, (2) to significantly reduce on the uncertainties in paleolatitude estimates, and (3) help to improve absolute plate motion model for the Pacific Plate taking into account the (lack of) motion of the individual Hawaiian and Louisville hotspots.<br/><br/>Broader Impact and Educational Outreach: The proposed project is part of an international collaborative effort in support of the science objectives of IODP Expedition 330 to the Louisville Seamount Trail. The proponents are collaborating with eight international researchers from Japan, UK and Australia, with whom they will generate as complete as possible and much needed high-precision 40 Ar/39 Ar and paleomagnetic data sets. The Proponents will coordinate this concerted effort over the two years of our project, with the ultimate goal to delineate the most accurate paleolatitude and age history for the Louisville hotspot. They also will organize a series of outreach activities, including expanding the Expedition 330 website started by Koppers by adding scientific products and data sets resulting from this project and by linking these in with the online Seamount Catalog and MagIC. This work will be part of the Ph.D.thesis of two students at OSU and SIO.",,,,,,,,
1107744,Collaborative Research: Ice Core Studies Reconstructing Greenland Climate During the Eemian and Beyond,PLR,ARCTIC NATURAL SCIENCES,1/1/12,8/3/11,Edward Brook,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Henrietta N. Edmonds,12/31/14,"$85,397.00",,brooke@geo.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5280,1079,$0.00,"The primary goal of this collaborative project between three institutions is to understand the extent and evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) during the Eemian period (roughly 130,000 to 115,000 years ago, the last major interglacial period in Earth's history) and the deglaciation immediately preceding it (""Termination 2""). The GIS is an important agent influencing sea level, and Arctic and global climate, on multiple timescales. Its dynamics need to be understood in the context of past climate changes, but there is little information available about the footprint, volume, and elevation of the GIS prior to the last ice age due to the absence of continuous ice core records prior to 123,000 years ago. During the Eemian, the GIS was perhaps half its present size, contributing on the order of 3 m to ""excess"" sea level rise. Characterizing the evolution of the GIS during glacial termination 2 and the Eemian would improve our understanding of its dynamics, and enhance our ability to make projections of sea level rise during the coming centuries. Older ice does exist at the bottoms of previously drilled ice cores, but the extraction of age and climate information from this older ice is hampered by the fact that it is stratigraphically disturbed and, in many cases, contaminated with soil or bedrock material. These investigators propose several novel methods to date this disturbed and/or ""dirty"" ice and to extract information on climate and ice sheet extent. The investigators will combine their new measurements and other available data to develop a more complete history of the GIS during termination 2 and the Eemian. They will work with ice sheet modelers to investigate the constraints that the Eemian data provide for the models and improve their predictive capability. These efforts have the potential to improve our ability to predict the contribution of the GIS to sea-level rise in the coming decades to centuries. Educational and outreach activities include the training of two graduate students, inclusion of this research in summer teacher enrichment programs, a lecture series for graduate students and postdocs, and communication of the results through the news media.",,,,,,,,
1137178,"Reducing Uncertainty in Heterotrophic Respiration: Linking Continental Experiments, Analytical Modeling, and Shared Data Sets",EF,MACROSYSTEM BIOLOGY,6/1/12,6/26/12,Mark Harmon,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Elizabeth R. Blood,5/31/15,"$85,006.00","Benjamin Bond-Lamberty, Rodrigo Vargas",Mark.Harmon@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,7959,7959,$0.00,"Determining the terrestrial carbon balance (how much carbon a landscape is gaining or losing) requires correctly estimating the difference between inputs and outputs. Scientific knowledge of the output side is relatively weak, however; in particular, the limited understanding of what is termed heterotrophic respiration (RH), the carbon respired by microbes from soil and decaying organic material, limits our predictive ability. This raises an unsettling question, one that is the focus, and underlying intellectual merit, of this exploratory project: can continental-scale carbon be balanced if the underlying science understanding is unbalanced? To address this problem, funds are provided to host a community assessment on understanding, constraining, and predicting large-scale RH carbon fluxes, bringing together scientists with a wide range of specialties, nationalities, and expertise. <br/><br/>This workshop will benefit from, and take advantage of, a number of converging trends in carbon cycle science: innovative new continental-scale experiments; the sophistication of analytical methods linking individual measurements with continental- to global-scale analyses; and the increasing use of tools to collaborate, document, and analyze shared data sets. To maximize the impact of this workshop, the Awardee will live-stream the proceedings online; post all presentations; write a white paper that outlines the major limitations to understanding continental-scale RH, and offers possible solutions; develop manuscript(s) that address workshop topics, focusing on implications for large-scale science; hold follow-up sessions at national meetings; and encourage participants to use this as a springboard in advancing fundamental scientific research in Macrosystems Biology.",,,,,,,,
1122699,Residence and First Passage Time Functionals in Heterogeneous Ecological Dispersion,DMS,MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY,9/15/11,9/15/11,Edward Waymire,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Mary Ann Horn,8/31/14,"$249,956.00","Brian Wood, Vrushali Bokil, Nathan Gibson, Enrique Thomann",waymire@math.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,MPS,7334,,$0.00,"Residence and First Passage Time Functionals in Heterogeneous Ecological Dispersion Multiscale problems continue to motivate important mathematical modeling and research. This proposal aims to develop and analyze models relevant to several examples from biology, ecology, oceanography and epidemiology, that involve interfacial effects defined by discontinuities in values of coefficients in the models. These phenomena occur on highly heterogeneous domains in which sharp or abrupt discontinuities in certain physical, chemical, or biological properties of the landscape occur in the coefficients of the basic equations. The Pis will analyze functionals of the associated processes, both for fragmented or patchy domains and for discrete graphical structures, to quantify the effects that smaller scale interfacial discontinuities have on macro scale variables, such as resident and occupation time functionals. In the first part of the proposal, the PIs will develop stochastic approaches to the advection-dispersion-reaction equations with discontinuous coefficients that model different biological processes. Unlike more classical physical models where the micro-scale interface conditions can be determined by macro-scale conservation laws, data on biological responses to interfacial boundaries can be quite different. The determination of the appropriate models requires the development of new micro-scale methods of analysis involving local time and the Ito-Tanaka stochastic calculus to uncover the appropriate macro-scale equations governing population densities and characteristic functionals of dispersion. In the second part of the proposal the Pis will develop numerical methods, Monte-Carlo stochastic particle schemes, and new methods of statistical parameter estimation for advection-dispersion equations involving discontinuous coefficients with special interface geometries relevant to key biological field data.<br/><br/>Natural physical processes, as well as certain anthropogenic activities, result in fragmented habitats to which species (animal, plants and bacteria) adapt or modify their behavior. Changes in the habitat configuration and/or its conditions, present new challenges and pose important broad new questions to scientists, policy makers and resource managers concerned with natural resources. Several contemporary problems in the biological and environmental sciences and engineering where such effects are reported to occur include: Bio-remediation of contaminated sediments in heterogeneous landscapes; Spread of infectious disease over fragmented habitats causing shifts in community structures possibly leading to invasion by exotic species; Species dispersal and sustainability in a heterogeneous environment affecting persistence of endangered species; Spatial localization of oceanic chlorophyll blooms impacting the fisheries industry. The specific mathematical issues common to these examples involve appropriate modeling of interfacial processes,<br/>i.e., mathematical discontinuities in the coefficients of the model equations, that affect the large scale behavior of species movement. The mathematical framework to be developed in this research is particularly aimed at assessing and quantifying interfacial effects on the large scale caused by these abrupt small -scale changes. This research will provide a mathematical framework and tools to support field and laboratory efforts to quantify and resolve fundamental questions about species dispersal through a combination of numerical and statistical algorithms, together with a theoretical mathematical analysis involving tools from deterministic and stochastic calculus.",,,,,,,,
1160704,Applications of Harmonic Analysis to the Study of Incompressible Flow,DMS,APPLIED MATHEMATICS,9/10/11,9/23/11,Elaine Cozzi,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Henry A. Warchall,6/30/14,"$91,121.00",,cozzie@math.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,MPS,1266,,$0.00,"The aim of this research project is to study behavior of solutions to the equations of incompressible fluid motion with very weak initial data. The following two important open problems in mathematical fluid mechanics will be investigated. The first is the regularity of solutions to the incompressible fluid equations with initial velocity in critical Sobolev and Besov spaces. The second is the behavior of solutions to the fluid equations with initial vorticity in the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation. We will also study the approximation of inviscid fluids by fluids of very small viscosity in these two settings. While much of this research will address two-dimensional flows, extensions of two-dimensional results to the three-dimensional axisymmetric setting will also be considered. <br/><br/>Low viscosity fluids and fluids in which viscosity is negligible are of great interest to scientists and engineers. A goal of this research project is to better understand how well an inviscid fluid must behave in order to be reasonably approximated by fluids of small viscosity. Moreover, this project aims to study the assumptions necessary on both viscous and inviscid flows to extend two-dimensional analysis to a more complicated three-dimensional setting where the flow is symmetric about an axis. Any improvement in the understanding of these two areas of fluid mechanics will lead to more accurate numerical simulations of badly behaved fluids.",,,,,,,,
1059661,EarthScope Institute: The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary,EAR,EARTHSCOPE-SCIENCE UTILIZATION,5/1/11,2/23/11,Anne Trehu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Gregory J. Anderson,4/30/12,"$93,893.00","Terry Plank, J. Gregory Hirth, Clinton Conrad, Colleen Dalton",trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,017F,017F,$0.00,"EarthScope Institute: The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary<br/><br/>The lithosphere is fundamental to the definition of tectonic plates and continents, and yet its dimensions, origins and evolution are still poorly understood. New observations at the interface between the strong lithosphere and weak asthenosphere hold clues as to the thermal, mechanical and chemical variations that create this boundary. Data from the EarthScope Facility have provided a rich array of such observations at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), some of them conflicting. The variations and discontinuities in seismic velocities, attenuation and anisotropy have led to a proliferation of features and structures that confound the classical view of the lithosphere as a thermal boundary layer. A workshop is being held to bring together seismologists, dynamicists, experimentalists and petrologists to integrate these new observations into a new conceptual understanding of the LAB and to develop new ideas about Earth?s dynamic behavior that give rise to this feature. The primary goals of the workshop are: 1) to provide intellectual leadership and foster critical thinking about the observations that define the LAB and the physical mechanisms behind its origin and evolution; 2) to promote broad, community interest in the LAB and seed collaborations between observational, theoretical, and laboratory based research programs; and 3) to discuss novel approaches or critical data that are needed to make new observations on the LAB and develop models for its origins. This workshop is the initial step in fostering broad, multidisciplinary collaboration on the LAB and will provide the foundation for a virtual online Institute that will be facilitated by the EarthScope National Office.",,,,,,,,
1202014,Workshop: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Understanding Ocean/Ice-Shelf/Ice-Sheet Interactions,PLR,ARCTIC SYSTEM SCIENCE PROGRAM,12/1/11,11/21/11,Alan Mix,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Neil R. Swanberg,11/30/12,"$68,292.00",Roger Samelson,mix@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5219,1079,$0.00,"This two-day workshop is to develop a comprehensive, integrated, interdisciplinary approach to observing, understanding and modeling ice-shelf-buttressed, marine-based glacier systems that drain major ice sheets. Such systems have the ability to evolve rapidly (years to decades) in response to ocean-induced ice-shelf loss, with consequences for rapid rise of global sea level and potentially huge impacts on society. Three components are required to understand the potential significance of these systems: simultaneous comprehensive measurements of all physical elements (atmosphere, ocean, ice shelf, glacier, sea ice, sea/glacier bed); paleo history of the study region(s) from late glacial times through the Holocene to present, to assess relative stability and potential rates of change; and comprehensive modeling incorporating principal physical processes including the ability to represent system variability through the Holocene in relation to climate reconstructions and into the future in response to projected climate change.<br/><br/>The workshop will assemble bring representatives of the above three disciplines to identify key elements required to make transformative progress on understanding processes that control the sensitivity of these systems to change. Invitees include researchers with skills in in situ and remote-sensing observations of all elements of the target systems including existing structure of ocean and ice-shelf systems as well as reconstructions of past oceans and climate, and numerical modelers with interests ranging from regional ocean circulation and ice-shelf and glacier processes to paleo-history of large ice sheets. International invitees include researchers with capabilities and skills that augment US resources.<br/><br/>Discussions at the workshop will be centered on (1) identification of essential components of a comprehensive study, and (2) development of a logistically manageable interdisciplinary strategy that could be applied to study one or more systems determined to be representative of similar systems in both Greenland and Antarctica.<br/><br/>Broader impacts: The workshop will document a strategy for making transformative advances in understanding the potential for large and rapid sea level rise from ocean-induced retreat of marine-based glaciers and ice streams presently buttressed by ice shelves. The specific goals of the proposed workshop will stress the urgency of interdisciplinary collaborations between glaciologists, oceanographers, paleo-scientists, modelers, and technology developers. Likely attendees include early-career polar researchers and underrepresented groups. Proposed meeting dates are adjacent to major national meetings, and students will be encouraged to attend to experience the process of developing major research initiatives.",,,,,,,,
1343099,"I-Corps: Simple, Highly Accurate Indoor Location Using only WiFi",IIP,I-Corps,9/1/13,8/20/13,Huaping Liu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Rathindra DasGupta,2/28/14,"$50,000.00",,hliu@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,8023,,$0.00,"This I-Corp Team project investigates a high-precision (better than 1m in a 3-dimensional space) indoor location technology that uses only existing WiFi signals. The WiFi signal sensors employed by this technology operate independently, which eliminates the need to physically link sensors to each other and simplifies the installation of the technology. The core of this technology is an algorithm that employs clustered receivers to provide time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) information without requiring timing synchronization of any kind, resolving the major technical challenge of TDOA- based high precision positioning. <br/><br/>The clustered TDOA localization algorithm ? the core of this system, may resolve the challenges of existing location-based services (LBS) by enabling high-precision accuracy. For the individual user ? the technology utilizes existing WiFi hardware in SmartPhones, and therefore only requires installation of a software application. Widespread use of this technology could enable rapid growth of indoor LBS, which largely impacts advertising-centric services to consumers at retail points of sale.",,,,,,,,
1259326,Expedition Objective Research (IODP Expedition 340): Diagenesis in tephra-rich marine sediments and the impact of reactive iron on enhanced carbon burial,OCE,OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM,8/15/13,8/9/13,James McManus,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,James Beard,11/30/13,"$150,000.00",,mcmanus@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5720,"0000, OTHR, 5720",$0.00,"This is an expedition objective research proposal that will use samples from IODP exp. 340 to the Lesser Antilles. This proposal seeks to examine the effect of tephra deposition and diagenesis on sediment chemistry, pore fluids, and ocean chemistry. The specific hypothesis is that tephra sedimentation and diagenesis promotes burial of organic carbon. It does this by consuming oxidizers that would otherwise degrade organic carbon and/or binding carbon to metals. The PI proposes to analyze major and trace elements and Sr isotopes, for all samples and pore waters. The PI also proposes to analyze organic C, carbonate, carbon isotopes, reactive Fe and Al for sediments and pore water solids. The work has the potential to provide an important constraint on the oceanic carbon cycle.",,,,,,,,
1145358,SIG-011: International Workshop on Stochastic Image Grammars,IIS,ROBUST INTELLIGENCE,10/1/11,7/23/11,Sinisa Todorovic,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Jie Yang,9/30/12,"$5,000.00",,sinisa@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7495,"7495, 7556",$0.00,"This travel grant supports two US participants to attend the International Workshop on Stochastic Image Grammars (SIG-11). The notion of stochastic image grammars encompasses hierarchical representations of objects and events occurring in images and video, and their associated learning and inference algorithms. The virtue of image grammars lies in their expressive power to represent an exponentially large number of object and event configurations by using a relatively much smaller vocabulary, and a few compositional rules. <br/><br/>Statistics, machine learning, natural language processing, and cognitive psychology experience a resurgence of stochastic grammars. In computer vision, however, this momentum seems to be present only in the area of 2D object recognition. The main objective of the workshop is to promote interdisciplinary research among these traditionally separate scientific disciplines toward grammar-based formulations of a wider range of vision problems, beyond object recognition, such as, e.g., 3D structure from motion, and activity recognition. The workshop is also aimed at reducing the apparent disconnect between research groups working on image grammars, by addressing the need for a unified theoretical framework. To this end, SIG-11 provides a forum for sharing research experiences in grammars between the vision community and the keynote speakers who are experts in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and natural language processing. Solicited peer-reviewed papers are expected to be published in the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Vision.",,,,,,,,
1153704,"Assessing Proxies, Strategies, Technologies and Drilling Targets to Constrain the History of the Greenland Ice Sheet",OCE,OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM,9/15/11,9/11/11,Joseph Stoner,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Candace O. Major,8/31/12,"$10,000.00",,jstoner@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5720,"0000, OTHR",$0.00,"This award will support the participation of ~10 students and postdoctoral researchers in a workshop focusing on developing strategies to achieve better understanding of the history of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The workshop will be held in the fall of 2011 in Corvallis, OR, and will include international representation in the fields of glaciology, paleoceanography, marine geology, and climate modeling. Funding provides the opportunity for young scientists to get involved with and contribute to an interdisciplinary effort that may eventually lead to a large-scale drilling program through the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. The opportunity for participation will be advertised in widely available newsletters and through disciplinary email listservs. Participant support will be based on applicants' statements of purpose and will target under-represented groups.",,,,,,,,
1311572,DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Evolutionary genomics of inter-kingdom host jumping in the fungal genus Elaphocordyceps,DEB,PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS,6/1/13,4/30/13,Joseph Spatafora,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Simon Malcomber,5/31/15,"$18,980.00",Catherine Quandt,spatafoj@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,1171,"1171, 9179, EGCH, SMET",$0.00,"This study seeks to use genetic data to elucidate mechanisms underlying host specificity in a group of fungi that are either pathogens of insects or other fungi. Through previous research, whole genome data was generated for two very closely related species, one beetle pathogen and one truffle pathogen. In this study, an experiment will be performed where the truffle pathogen will be grown in conditions containing the truffle and without, and the comparison of how the fungus responds to these conditions (measured using messenger RNA) will gives clues as to which genes and pathways are necessary for truffle pathogenesis. In addition, whole genome data will be produced for more species within this genus, including a cicada pathogen and another truffle pathogen. These additional genomes will allow larger generalizations to be made about species within this genus parasitizing different hosts, and to identify host-specific gene sets. Little is known about the infection of new hosts by fungal pathogens and is of increasing importance as the climate continues to change and communities become more global. Knowledge of the genomic differences of species parasitizing different hosts can inform how fungi are able to switch hosts.<br/><br/>The broader impacts of this study include, but are not limited to, the following. First, a major impact of this proposal will be the production of an electronically available high school biology module on fungal pathogens of insects and other fungi. This will be created as a resource for both teachers and students, and include classroom, field, and laboratory exercises. An integral part of this module will be 5 lessons plans, complete with presentation slides, to comprise an entire insect pathogenic fungi unit. This will be made publically available at the Cordyceps Electronic Monograph at http://cordyceps.us. Second, it is of little doubt, based on all previously sequenced genomes of related species, that the study organisms will each have a significant repertoire of secondary metabolites, and a major impact of this project will be the identification of these gene clusters which could lead to the identification and development of novel natural products, with potential applications in medicine and biocontrol.",,,,,,,,
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,,,,,,,,AwardNumber,Title,NSFOrganization,Program(s),StartDate,LastAmendmentDate,PrincipalInvestigator,State,Organization,AwardInstrument,ProgramManager,EndDate,AwardedAmountToDate,Co-PIName(s),PIEmailAddress,OrganizationStreet,OrganizationCity,OrganizationState,OrganizationZip,OrganizationPhone,NSFDirectorate,ProgramElementCode(s),ProgramReferenceCode(s),ARRAAmount,Abstract
,,,,,,,,1061218,Continental Shelf Benthic Oxygen Fluxes Determined by Eddy Correlation in the Presence of Wave Motions,OCE,CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,3/15/11,6/25/13,Clare Reimers,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Donald L. Rice,2/28/14,"$802,624.00",H. Tuba Ozkan-Haller,creimers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1670,"0000, OTHR",$0.00,"Within the last decade, broad sections of the Oregon-Washington continental shelf located in the northern California Current System have been affected by severe hypoxia during the summer upwelling season. Mass balances of dissolved oxygen on the shelf indicate oxygen uptake of sediments is greater than estimated from benthic flux measurements using traditional benthic chambers and microprofiles. The most probable explanation for this inbalance is uncharacterized temporal and spatial variability in the major physical and biological processes contributing to on-shelf oxygen utilization. A scientist from Oregon State University (OSU) plans to determine the magnitude and variability of benthic oxygen fluxes on the inner and middle Oregon shelf and the contribution of wave-induced motions to these fluxes using the eddy correlation (EC) technique. This technique assumes that a direct vertical flux estimate can be obtained by measuring the covariance between fluctuations of oxygen and fluctuations of vertical velocity above the seabed. To attain the goal, both wave flume experiments and field measurements using the EC lander will be carried out. Initially, EC measurements in the presence of energetic waves will be studied in the large wave flume at OSU's Hinsdale Wave Research Facility which is the largest wave channel of its type in North America. The purpose of the wave flume experiments is to experimentally verify the best approaches to data collection, averaging, and coordinate rotation to derive unbiased fluxes in the presence of waves and a sandy bed. In addition, the wave-turbulence decomposition method will be applied to quantify wave contributions to seafloor oxygen exchange and to document the sequence of bedforms and pore water profiles that evolve in response to stepwise increases and decreases in wave height. Once the wave flume experiments have been completed, four 8-day research cruises will be carried out to make measurements on the Oregon shelf over 3 years during spring, summer and fall conditions. The sites to be targeted are characterized by permeable sands at 25 to 85 m water depth and can exhibit ripples. Ancillary measurements will include bottom water dissolved oxygen, nutrients, pigment concentration, temperature and salinity, whereas sediment cores will be subsampled for bulk permeability measurements and profiles of 210Pb, organic carbon, nitrogen, grain size, and pigments.<br/><br/>As regards broader impacts, the scientist plans to collaborate with U.S. and Chilean scientists involved in the Microbial Initiative in Low Oxygen waters off Concepcion and Oregon (MI-LOCO) project. One graduate student would be supported and trained as part of this project."
,,,,,,,,1057452,Critical Upgrades to Specimen Storage and Computerization for the Oregon State University Ichthyology Collection,DBI,"BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH COLLECTION, CROSS-EF ACTIVITIES",4/1/11,8/4/14,Brian Sidlauskas,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Reed Beaman,3/31/15,"$419,889.00",,brian.sidlauskas@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,"1197, 7275","9178, 9179, 9184, 9251,",$0.00,"The quarter million specimens in the Oregon State University Ichthyology Collection (OSUIC) have supported research on fish biodiversity and conservation since 1935. Recently a lack of expansion space, an outdated card-based cataloging system and insufficient finances have stymied the OSUIC's growth and prevented researchers around the globe from accessing the collection's holdings easily. This project will solve these problems by 1) installing mobile compact shelving that will increase shelf space by 43% and 2) creating an online, remotely accessible collection database. These critical upgrades will allow the OSUIC to archive new specimens and ensure that it continues to serve as a center for research on fishes from the Pacific Northwest and beyond for decades to come.<br/><br/>In addition to upgrading the collection's infrastructure, this project will engage precollege students with some of the most spectacular OSUIC specimens in hands-on Discovery Units, provide training and financial support to undergraduate and graduate students, and develop a new online Systematics of Fishes course. In that course, photographs of specimens of more than 400 species will generate a virtual teaching collection, thereby replicating the laboratory-intensive experience of the current on-campus offering. By its conclusion, the project will offer students, scientists and the public vastly improved online access to information in a biodiversity library that has until now been accessible only to scholars behind closed doors."
,,,,,,,,1100572,Collaborative Research: Stronger than Glass Fibers; Stiffer than Steel Wires: A New Perspective into the Mechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals,DMR,"Biomechanics & Mechanobiology, BIOMATERIALS PROGRAM",9/1/11,6/1/12,John Simonsen,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Aleksandr Simonian,8/31/14,"$54,000.00",,john.simonsen@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,MPS,"7479, 7623","028E, 036E, 1057, 7237, 7573, 9162, AMPP, CVIS",$0.00,"ID: MPS/DMR/BMAT(7623) 1100806 PI: Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza ORG: Michigan Tech<br/><br/>ID: MPS/DMR/BMAT(7623) 1100572 PI: Simonsen, John ORG: Oregon State<br/><br/>Title: Collaborative Research: Stronger than Glass Fibers, Stiffer than Steel Wires: A New Perspective into the Mechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals<br/><br/>INTELLECTUAL MERIT: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are highly crystalline organic polymers that can be extracted from natural materials. They are stiffer than aluminum and theoretical calculations place their tensile strength at 7500 MPa, higher than glass fibers or steel. Inasmuch as these crystals are biocompatible, lightweight, low cost, and sustainable they offer potential for applications in biomedical materials, energy technologies, electronics, and microelectromechanical systems devices. To date, no experimental tests have been utilized to investigate the strength properties of CNCs. This proposal aims to fill these gaps. In order to evaluate such properties the underlying mechanisms responsible for nanoscale mechanics should be determined. In-situ experiments and multiscale models for deformations in small-scale components can open possibilities for improved design and applications of CNCs. The objectives of this research are (1) to explore the nanoscale mechanics of individual CNCs as a function of the biological source, (2) to determine the dependence of CNC's mechanical properties on cellulose crystal dimensions, and (3) to fully characterize the elastic moduli of CNCs as function of their crystallographic orientations. To meet these objectives, nanomechanical properties will be investigated through the use of a novel in-situ characterization technique that enables atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments inside the chamber of a transmission electron microscope. The in-situ data will then be used to develop and validate the continuum mechanics and molecular dynamics models of CNCs.<br/><br/>BROADER IMPACTS: CNC-based materials are expected to have beneficial uses in a variety of technical applications, such as composite materials, packaging, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery vectors, Li-ion batteries, and electronic displays. Several exchanges of OSU and Michigan Tech students are planned to promote multidisciplinary education (microscopy, cellulose nanocrystals preparation, and computational mechanics). The PIs will recruit female and minority undergraduate research students through the Michigan Community College/University Partnership program at Michigan Tech and the Saturday Academy's Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering Program at OSU. The Michigan Tech PI will also participate in outreach activities for local high school female and underrepresented students during the Engineering Scholars Program at Michigan Tech. The Oregon State PI will increase local area awareness by providing lectures/discussions on Oregon State Public Radio. In-situ videos of microscopy experiments will also be made available to the community via YouTube©, ACS Chemical and Engineering News, and the NanoHuB© network."
,,,,,,,,1061078,Modeling of Internal Tides in Interaction with Sub-inertial Wind-Forced Flows in the Coastal Ocean,OCE,PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,3/15/11,3/7/11,Alexander Kurapov,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Eric C. Itsweire,2/29/12,"$73,396.00",,kurapov@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1610,,$0.00,"The proposed research focuses on modeling and dynamical analysis of shelf processes resulting from the combined action and interaction of internal tides and wind-forced ocean flows, with application to the summer upwelling regime on the Oregon shelf. The free-surface, primitive equation Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) will be implemented, forced simultaneously with tides and wind stress. Model findings will be corroborated by the analysis of time-series data from coastally based high frequency radars and moorings, including the data from the NSF-funded Coastal Ocean Advances in Shelf Transport (COAST) and Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) programs.<br/><br/>Intellectual merit. This study will provide new qualitative and quantitative information about both wind-driven flows and internal tides, relevant for the Oregon shelf and more generally for the coastal environment. Key issues to be explored will include (i) effects of sub-inertial wind-forced density and current variations associated with upwelling, on the generation, propagation, and dissipation of the internal tide, both semi-diurnal and diurnal (ii) quantitative understanding of internal tide intermittency and spatial variability, and (iii) importance of the tides for enhancing turbulence, mixing, drag, and affecting cross-shore transport. Model results will help identify areas of intensified internal tide along the Oregon coast, possibly guiding the design of future observational missions.<br/><br/>Broader impacts. This project is an important step toward the development of a comprehensive coastal model that accurately represent both low frequency wind and density driven flows, and higher frequency tidal flows. Such a modeling capability will be very useful to the broad community of oceanographers, providing a tool for (a) studying physics, chemistry, and biology, and across discipline interactions in the coastal ocean, (b) driving models describing biological variability on the shelf, and (c) planning new observational programs. Discussions and collaborations between the modeling and observational oceanographic communities will be facilitated, for their mutual benefit. New modeling and assimilation technologies will be integrated into the operational observing systems along the U.S. coasts, serving broad public needs (national security, pollution transport, search and rescue, fisheries, recreation, education). The graduate student supported by this project will be trained to become an expert on coastal ocean modeling and data assimilation using state-of-the-art methods and technologies."
,,,,,,,,1322234,Oceanographic Instrumentation 2013,OCE,OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION,4/15/13,7/7/13,David O Gorman,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,James S. Holik,3/31/15,"$45,000.00",,dave@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5413,,$0.00,"A request is made to fund new and replacement instrumentation on the R/V Oceanus, a 177? research vessel operated by Oregon State University as part of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) research fleet.<br/><br/>The R/V Oceanus is a general-purpose research vessel owned by the National Science Foundation and operated by Oregon State University. The mission of the ship is to support funded science research in the Pacific Northwest. RV Oceanus completed 139 days in 2012, 111 (80%) of which were for NSF. In 2013, the vessel is scheduled to sail has 182 days with 70% (127 days) of the schedule for NSF. With this proposal, OSU provides technical descriptions and rationale for the acquisition of the following Oceanographic Instrumentation:<br/>1) Work Horse ADCP Board Replacement: $8000<br/>2) Slip Ring Upgrade: $10,500<br/>3) CTD Connector Upgrade: $26,500<br/>Total: $45,000<br/><br/>Broader Impacts<br/><br/>The principal impact of the present proposal is under criterion two of the Proposal Guidelines. They provide infrastructure support for scientists to use the vessel and its shared-use instrumentation in support of their NSF-funded oceanographic research projects (which individually undergo separate review by the relevant research program of NSF). The acquisition, maintenance and operation of shared-use instrumentation allows NSF-funded researchers from any US university or lab access to working, calibrated instruments for their research, reducing the cost of that research, and expanding the base of potential researchers."
,,,,,,,,1230974,2012 Shipboard Scientific Support Equipment,OCE,SHIPBOARD SCIENTIFIC SUPP EQUI,7/15/12,7/19/13,Stewart Lamerdin,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,James S. Holik,6/30/14,"$104,523.00",,slamerdin@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5416,,$0.00,"ABSTRACT <br/><br/>21 May 2012<br/>Proposal Number: 1230974<br/>Institution: Oregon State University<br/>PI: D. Bailey<br/><br/>This proposal requests three Shipboard Scientific Support Equipment (SSSE) items for Oregon State University?s R/V OCEANUS; namely Asset Management Software, Electronic Charting System (ECS) enhancements, and a new cable lubricating system. These items will improve navigational safety, enhance utility to science, and improve the overall maintenance and operational efficiency of the vessel.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: The R/V OCEANUS supports federally-funded scientific research in the Pacific in order to expand human knowledge of the ocean environment. During operations, the vessel routinely exposes graduate and undergraduate students to seagoing oceanography. Pubic outreach is also achieved through real-time satellite connectivity from ship to shore, and open house events. The OCEANUS is scheduled to complete one hundred and thirty four (134) NSF sponsored days in 2012."
,,,,,,,,1340665,Developing Diagnostics for Vibrio Coralliilyticus and Coral Vibriosis,OISE,Catalyzing New Intl Collab,12/1/13,9/11/13,Claudia Hase,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,R. Clive Woods,11/30/14,"$63,364.00",,hasec@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,O/D,7299,"5912, 5978",$0.00,"This project will catalyze new collaborative research on pathogenic marine vibrios between Dr. Claudia Hase at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and Dr. David Bourne of the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in Townsville, Australia. The long-term goal of this collaboration is a better understanding of the role and ecology of Vibrio bacteria associated with coral disease. The research objectives of this visit are to examine the feasibility of methods developed by Dr. Hase to detect certain enzymes from Vibrio coralliilyticus. V. tubiashii has recently caused devastating losses in shellfish larvae production in the Pacific Northwest of the US and Dr. Hase has shown that a secreted metalloprotease is a critical factor for the toxicity of V. tubiashii. Dr. Bourne reported that a 99% similar enzyme of V. coralliilyticus is critical for coral bleaching and outlined the urgent need for better diagnostic tools for coral disease. Rapid and specific detection of pathogenic bacteria and their toxins in natural waters and diseased corals is paramount to better understand disease causation and to provide early warning allowing reef managers to mitigate the effect of disease outbreaks. Thus, this collaboration will benefit a broad range of marine research activities.<br/><br/>The broader impacts of this proposed work include providing support for an OSU student to travel with the PI to AIMS and current students in the Bourne lab will participate in the proposed work. The described project provides excellent educational opportunities for students as most of the proposed experiments are straightforward and are well suited for the engagement of students in the scientific process."
,,,,,,,,1233003,Doctoral Dissertation Research: Understanding the Relationship Between Cosmic Ray Intensity and the Magnetic Field: A Case Study During the Most Recent Magnetic Reversal,BCS,GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL SCIENCES,9/1/12,8/29/12,Peter Clark,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Sunil Narumalani,2/28/15,"$16,000.00",Andrea Balbas,clarkp@onid.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,SBE,1352,"1352, 9179, SMET, 1304, 9198",$0.00,"This doctoral dissertation project is about quantifying the shielding affects of the geomagnetic field and how it protects earth's surface from the bombardment of cosmic rays. Cosmogenic nuclides (CN) are used to delimit rates of geomorphic processes and to assess spatial and temporal variability of paleoclimatic events, and are therefore a crucial tool in paleoclimatic reconstruction. Their usefulness is limited, however, by how well CN production rates are known. Currently, the spatial variability of 'scalers' used to determine surface exposure dates are controlled largely by latitude and altitude. However, it is widely accepted that these two variables do not accurately account for the dynamic character of earth's magnetic field and its resulting modulation of CN production rates. This study will develop a strategy to quantify the relationship between CN production rates and magnetic field strength associated with the Matuyama-Brunhes reversal. This will provide a unique evaluation of the sensitivity of environmental change rates to a time when the magnetic field strength virtually disappeared. Data will be extracted from the minerals found in basalt. Each layer of basalt within a sequence of lava flows records both the orientation of the magnetic field as well as the absolute paleo-intensity of the field during the time of formation. In addition, each layer contains enough potassium to determine the time of eruption with Ar-Ar dating. The strategy that will be used involves the construction of a time series of CN paleo-production rates by measuring concentrations of the cosmogenic nuclide 3He in olivine as a function of age determined by 40Ar-39Ar dates in layered basalt formations that span the reversal. Analysis of these concentrations will help determine if changes in the cosmic ray flux related to the Matuyama-Brunhes magnetic reversal can be defined from variations in CN concentrations. <br/><br/>Efforts to understand global environmental change are limited by the understanding of paleoclimatic events and their pacing. CN surface exposure dating is widely used to define the scale and pacing of such geomorphic processes, which are a key indicator of climate change. An enhanced understanding of regional CN production rates will help better define the pacing of change. In addition, the scientific community has yet to define how geomagnetic reversals impact the surface of the planet by way of increased cosmic radiation. The magnetosphere is earth's primary shield against cosmic radiation and one of the results of this project may be a better definition of whether cosmic radiation associated with reversals is hazardous. In addition, determining the geographic character of the magnetic field during times of magnetic reversal and any associated impacts on biological or human activity ranging from disruption in migration patterns of multiple species to disruption in human air travel is of great value to society. Experiences and data collected during this research project will be used for public outreach programs in Oregon and incorporated into a program for the Boys and Girls Club in the western Oregon area. The program goal is to expose middle and secondary school children to scientists working on research projects and inspire them to work towards careers as scientists. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this project will provide support to enable a promising graduate student from an under-represented group to establish an independent research career."
,,,,,,,,1333930,Collaborative Research: Measuring Information Content of the Artifacts of Early Design,CMMI,ENGINEERING DESIGN AND INNOVAT,9/1/13,7/30/13,Chiradeep Sen,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Christiaan Paredis,3/31/15,"$130,575.00",,chiradeep.sen@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1464,"067E, 068E, 6855",$0.00,"The objective of this collaborative research project is to measure the information content of different artifacts used in early design no matter how the design is described, and also to study the growth of information, or reduction of uncertainty, in the early stages of engineering design. Information of various types is produced and used in design, and each may be expressed in different forms, such as pictures, text, symbols, or animation. A general design representation is being developed to translate any type of design information into a neutral form. Second, metrics are being created to measure the information content of artifacts based on this neutral representation, along with tools to quantify the information content of designs. Models developed on an earlier project will be used to validate the information metrics by experimentally measuring how information within different designs, as measured by the metrics, can reduce design uncertainty. <br/><br/>If successful, this research will transform the methods for control and evaluation of engineering design projects. With information measurable in the context of decisions, computer tools and formal methods could be built to measure the progress of design projects in terms of the information used and decisions made, rather than the more indirect metrics used today, such as time elapsed or money spent. This research will stimulate new research into the understanding and measurement of the ""state of knowledge"" of a design team. By having a way to measure knowledge state, it could be possible to quantify the designer's knowledge gain throughout a design project, which could lead to new tools and methods for evaluating a design team's capability in retaining and reusing knowledge between projects, and for objectively assessing the learning curves of student design teams. The findings of this research will be integrated into design-related courses at both Texas State University and Oregon State University in order to improve students' appreciation for ""learning by doing"" and give them a better feel for the complexity of decision-making in engineering design."
,,,,,,,,1265970,Planning Grant: I/UCRC for e-Design: IT Enabled Design and Realization of Engineered Products and Systems,IIP,INDUSTRY/UNIV COOP RES CENTERS,3/15/13,3/7/13,Irem Tumer,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Lawrence A. Hornak,2/28/14,"$14,380.00",Robert Stone,irem.tumer@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,5761,"5761, 8043",$0.00,"A new site is to be planned at Oregon State University for the Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (I/UCRC) for e-Design. The I/UCRC for e-Design conducts research that supports a new design paradigm for the development of engineered products and systems that allows customer driven design and product realization and virtual simulation and prototyping that encompasses the entire product life cycle. The planned Oregon State site will complement the existing center?s activities through focus in the following areas: 1) optimization of products and systems, 2) failure, reliability, and robustness analysis; 3) early stage design theories and methodologies, 4) manufacturing and lifecycle analysis, 5) cost and choice modeling; 6) design for sustainability; 7) computational design; and 8) design innovation education.<br/><br/>The e-Design center addresses an area central to the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing. The center site at Oregon State University has the potential to further expand the diversity of member companies in the overall center and expose all member firms to a broader base of discovery in the e-Design area. Results of the site?s research efforts will be integrated into the educational curriculum in design, modeling and simulation, decision analysis, and optimization. Student engagement in center work will include laboratory and field studies, attendance of and presentations at interdisciplinary conferences and workshops, a design colloquium series, participation in interdisciplinary activities and journal publications, as well as training in the ethical conduct of research. The addition of Oregon State University to the Center contributes to the diversity of the Center, with the leadership team and 30% of participating faculty being women, typically underrepresented in engineering."
,,,,,,,,1137272,US-Pakistani Developing Collaboration on the Current Estimation and Future Prediction of Micro-hydro Power Potential: Response to a Changing Environment,OISE,Catalyzing New Intl Collab,8/1/11,7/16/11,Kendra Sharp,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Osman Shinaishin,7/31/13,"$49,980.00",David Hill,kendra.sharp@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,O/D,7299,"5943, 5976",$0.00,"1137272 <br/>This project supports a cooperative research project by Dr. Kendra Sharp, Oregon State University, Corvallis and Dr. Ahmed Sohail and others at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST) in Islamabad, Pakistan. They plan to study The PI will conduct preliminary research in collaboration with. They plan to work on finding the parameters that influence the success of micro-hydro power systems, especially for Pakistan where water networks depend on snow melting and rapid flow because of topographical features. They plan to develop the results into a full research proposal to be submitted to NSF or to the US-Pakistan S&T program funded by the State Department. The long-term research objective and expected long-term scientific contribution, is to develop scientific tools for the assessment of current and future small-scale hydro power potential in a defined region with an emphasis on the response to changing (decadal scale) climate. While Pakistan is the specific geographic focus of the proposed work, the present proposal could be viewed as a template for the study of other regions as well.<br/><br/>Intellectual merit: The PI has correctly identified a need for undertaking long-term assessment of micro-hydroelectric potential, and proposes activities for providing technical support to undertake such an assessment. She has the necessary background to undertake the proposed activities, and she has demonstrated experience working in Pakistan very recently, and has developed contacts that are necessary to completing the project. The expertise of Sharp and Sohail are complementary, to perform preliminary analysis and long-term evaluation of micro-hydroelectric power potential in Pakistan, seeking sufficient and spatially high-resolution regional data regarding spatial and temporal variation in precipitation and temperature. They want to eventually map locations of all potential micro-hydro sites in Pakistan. Micro-hydro is an important technology in the developing world, especially in mountainous regions such as northern Pakistan, Nepal and Afghanistan. The proposal is timely and points out the complexity of pinpointing micro-hydro sites, including the effect of climate change on water resources and their distribution. <br/><br/>Broader impacts: The project would support of graduate and undergraduate training, help develop a collaborative relationship between OSU and NUST with the potential for ongoing exchange of students and faculty. The project includes outreach in terms of a workshop, and can add to educational material for use in undergraduate or graduate education at OSU. The students could get some interesting experience. It will bring together, in an educational context, aspects of the study of climate change effects and renewable energy. The impact of electricity availability would be significant to the affected populations."
,,,,,,,,1114255,Collaborative Research: Research: Zoo And Aquarium Action Research Collaborative (ZAARC),DRL,AISL,9/1/11,7/1/13,John Falk,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Arlene M. de Strulle,8/31/14,"$166,568.00",,falkj@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,7259,"9177, SMET",$0.00,"The Zoo and Aquarium Action Research Collaborative research project targets zoo and aquarium staff with a cascading action research model meant to build the capacity of the informal science education field to conduct research on visitor learning. Research questions focus around the experiences of participating zoo and aquarium staff in conducting action research on visitor experiences and how they use the information from that research to improve and develop educational programs. <br/><br/>In the first year of the project, zoo and aquarium staff will implement a well validated educational activity with visitors to their institutions and learn how to develop and implement action research in their context. In the second year of the project, zoo and aquarium staff will take their new skills in action research and develop their own questions to investigate visitor learning in their own organizational settings. Project staff will train zoo and aquarium staff in action research, provide technical assistance and facilitate collaboration among the sites and staff. This project will contribute to learning in the field about models for professional development and how to develop the research capacity of ISE staff. Partners in this project include TERC and Oregon State University and sites are situated in zoos and aquariums in six states including CA, MO, MA, AZ, MD and WA. At each of these institutions approximately 15 senior staff will participate in the professional development. Evalaution of the project will focus on the learning that is generated about collaborative models for action research and the impact on ISE staff of participating in action research as professional development. Methods for the evaluation will include surveys and interviews with participants, observations, document review and site visits. <br/><br/>Outcomes of the project include increased capacity for zoo and aquarium staff to conduct research on visitor learning, case studies of collaborative action research projects that will be disseminated widely through workshops and conferences, and research papers presented at conferences and published."
,,,,,,,,1059924,Collaborative Research: Expedition 322 Objective Research on Sediment-Pore Water Interactions Controlling Sediment Cementation and Deformation in the NanTroSEIZE Drilling Transect,OCE,OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM,4/1/11,4/1/11,Marta Torres,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas Janecek,3/31/14,"$136,510.00",,mtorres@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5720,"0000, 5720, OTHR",$0.00,"Cementation affects the mechanical properties that control sediment strength and deformation. A small volume of grain coating cement can greatly increase sediment strength. Therefore, even minor cementation may affect consolidation in basins and control deformation in accretionary margins. The effects of grain-coating silica cement on the physical properties of sediment on the Philippine Sea plate as it approaches the Nankai Trough subduction zone in the central and southwestern portions of the Shikoku Basin were documented by previous work on samples from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 297 and Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1173 and 1177. At these sites, a small amount of glass disseminated throughout hemipelagic sediment is altered to a silica gel upon burial. The gel coats grain contacts, and inhibits sediment consolidation. The cemented sediment has anomalous porosity, seismic velocity, and rigidity. With further burial, onset of tectonic deformation, and increasing temperature, cement dissolution and mechanical breakdown leads to dramatic reduction in rigidity and collapse of the sediment framework (i.e. porosity loss). How do differences in sediment thermal history, fluid flow, and pore water chemistry between sites control shifts in the location and extent of the cemented zone? How does the incorporation of cemented units with transient properties into the margin wedge influence the nature and distribution of deformation? Toward answers to these questions, the silica cement distribution at IODP Sites C0011 and C0012 will be determined, and multicomponent reactive transport modeling for Sites C0011, C0012, 1173, and 1177 will be performed. The shear-wave velocity of samples from NanTroSEIZE drilling sites C0011 and C0012 will be determined to locate regions of anomalous strengthening. The four sites selected for examining sediment-pore water interactions provide a range of sediment accumulation and thermal histories. The results will allow examination of the effects of fluid flow rate and thermal state on the vertical location and extent of silica cementation in the Shikoku Basin sediments. The proposed investigation addresses one of the main goals of the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE); to determine how geologic differences affect mechanical properties, permeability, fluid flow, pore pressure, shear strength, and earthquake rupture processes within the Nankai margin. The proposed study may transform our understanding of accretionary margin processes by shedding light on a previously underappreciated control on wedge deformation. By examining processes that control cementation of sediment entering a subduction zone, the proposed research has societal relevance as it advances understanding of the mechanisms at play in potentially hazardous seismogenic margins. Deformation features control fluid drainage through a margin wedge. Therefore, sediment cementation and deformation impact margin hydrogeology and fluid pressure, which are related to strain accumulation and seismicity on the plate interface. The proposed research will be of interest to seismologists, geochemists, and hydrogeologists. This work enhances human resources by funding a graduate student at New Mexico Tech (NMT), a Hispanic-Serving Institution. The proposed project will enhance facilities used for both research and teaching at NMT. Outreach efforts include dissemination of seismogenic zone processes through The SMILE program at Oregon State University (http://smile.oregonstate.edu/), and through an ongoing Adult Education program at COAS (http://literacyworks.org/ocean/). In addition, the Pi?fs will work with the COSEE?]Pacific Partnerships (www.coseepacificpartnerships.org) by participating in one of their ?gscience pub nights?h in Newport, OR discussing earthquake related processes around the Pacific Rim."
,,,,,,,,1138699,"Collaborative Research: RAPID - Post-Disaster Structural Data Collection Following the 11 March 2011 Tohoku, Japan Tsunami",CMMI,"COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH, NEES RESEARCH",7/15/11,7/6/11,Michael Olsen,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Joy Pauschke,6/30/12,"$13,688.00",Solomon Yim,michael.olsen@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,"7298, 7396","036E, 038E, 043E, 151E, 1576, 5921, 5978, 7914, 8016",$0.00,"The tsunami triggered by the 11 March 2011 magnitude 9.0 earthquake off Tohoku, Japan, created widespread structural damage in cities along the Japanese coastline. Careful documentation of flow depth and structural response resulting from this tsunami will provide data that can be used to validate tsunami inundation models and corresponding methodologies for calculating structural response due to the inundation. The primary objective of this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award is to collect time sensitive impact data in Japan from this March 2011 tsunami that will soon be lost, as buildings and infrastructure in the affected areas are repaired or demolished. The investigation team includes researchers and students from the University of Hawaii and Oregon State University. This study will focus on collecting detailed, localized data in several of the most severely damaged areas of the coastline in the Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures, rather than a general survey of all of the inundation areas, which has been undertaken by other local and international reconnaissance teams. Through this award, the reconnaissance team will collect high resolution, ground based LIDAR data. The LIDAR data will be used to generate virtual models that can be queried for measurements such as flow depths, observed maximum run-up, and scour depths at key sites. These will be complemented with manual measurements and analysis of videos and photographs. The LIDAR data will also provide detailed dimensional data for the structures to be studied. The focus in specific areas of study will provide the data needed for validation of the tsunami inundation model. Furthermore, the structural properties of both damaged structures and undamaged structures will be used to determine hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and impact forces applied during the tsunami inundation. This field reconnaissance will help resolve several key questions in the tsunami design provisions regarding flow velocities and momentum of tsunami bores and/or wave surges over land and scouring, as well as gain information on overarching questions on risk-based design criteria and the ultimate capabilities of structures to resist a maximum credible tsunami. This team will coordinate reconnaissance activities with the UNESCO-led International Tsunami Survey Team. <br/><br/>Such data are important for understanding how to design buildings to resist earthquakes and tsunamis for public safety. Many parts of the United States and other places in the world that face similar hazards will benefit from such discoveries, which will help shape building design codes, which are important for public safety. These new standards, validated by information collected on this project, could also provide data in the near future to assist Japan in the recovery phase of their disaster stricken coastal areas. This project will also enable graduate students to observe sites impacted by tsunamis and learn from this event so that they will be better prepared to lead future generations of engineers in reducing seismic and tsunami risk."
,,,,,,,,1141330,Developing a Computational Physics Lab Integrated with Upper-division Physics Content,DUE,"S-STEM:SCHLR SCI TECH ENG&MATH, TUES-Type 1 Project",6/1/12,5/15/12,David Roundy,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,R. Corby Hovis,5/31/15,"$124,236.00",,roundyd@physics.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,"1536, 7513","9178, SMET",$0.00,"An upper-division computational physics course is being developed which runs parallel to and in synchrony with the existing junior-year physics courses that are being developed within the ""Paradigms in Physics"" project at Oregon State University (OSU). <br/><br/>Computation in physics courses is commonly treated in one of two ways. Either students run existing simulations in order to aid their understanding of physics, or physics examples are introduced ad hoc as applications of the numerical methods that students are learning to use in performing their own computations. While both of these approaches have value, this project serves to create a course that teaches students physics by having them create their own computations within the context of upper division courses. To this end, a project-driven laboratory experience in computational physics (utilizing course-integrated Python oriented modules) is introduced at an advanced level. In this laboratory course, students are learning to use important computational tools in the same manner as a professional physicist. In view of the importance of computation to the professional scientist, the course seeks to teach at a level that is accessible to all physics majors, with particular care taken for those who are least comfortable using computers.<br/><br/>This project is producing a set of six computational laboratory modules (with corresponding curricular materials) that are being evaluated and made available for use at other colleges and universities. Although the content is tailored and organized to fit the junior-year curriculum at OSU, the materials are designed to be sufficiently modular so as to be readily incorporated into the upper-division physics curriculum at other colleges and universities. Workshops are being developed for AAPT national meetings that will directly increase the visibility of these computational modules for other users."
,,,,,,,,1128715,Scalable and Synthesizable Analog Circuits for Nanometer CMOS,ECCS,"COMMS, CIRCUITS & SENS SYS",9/1/11,7/19/11,Un-Ku Moon,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,George Haddad,8/31/14,"$360,000.00",Nima Maghari,moon@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,7564,106E,$0.00,"ECCS-1128715<br/>PI: Un-Ku Moon <br/>Institution: Oregon State University<br/>Title: Scalable and Synthesizable Analog Circuits for Nanometer CMOS<br/><br/>ABSTRACT<br/><br/>Intellectual Merit: Analog-to-digital converters are a mixture of analog circuits and digital blocks. The analog portion of such analog-intensive blocks requires careful design, layout, and are often the main source of power consumption and chip area. The objective of this research is to develop such analog-intensive blocks with all digital cells and automatically generate the final chip design and layout using digital synthesis tools such as Verilog. Instead of combating the challenges brought forth by the new nanometer processes, this work seeks to analyze and take advantage of these non-ideal effects. Problems such as increased offset and reduced intrinsic gain of the minimum size transistor will be addressed, and new approaches at both system and circuit levels will be explored to overcome these issues. Different structures such as stochastic analog-to-digital converter and oversampling delta-sigma modulator will be explored. Semi-analog blocks such as inverter-based integrator that would either be synthesized via existing synthesis tool (e.g. Verilog) or newly developed automatic synthesis tools will be explored. By synthesizing semi-analog and digital blocks, the proposed research will further enable highly integrated analog-intensive blocks for the next generation nanometer processes. Proficient high level modeling of blocks via synthesis tools allows fast simulation and verification, and effortless migration to another process, alleviating the typical brute-force redesigning tasks required in traditional analog-intensive blocks. A readily available synthesized digital signal processing system is also expected to further enhance the performance of these new synthesizable analog functioning digital structures.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: The design methodology that will emerge from this research merges both the analog and digital functionality in the automatic synthesis of a system from a software program to an integrated circuit realization. Such combined optimization of analog and digital signal processing, as incorporated into undergraduate and graduate education, will reshape the way students approach chip design challenges. Such foundation will provide and push students to seek solutions from a much wider perspective before making the final design decisions. This training will lead to well-rounded and innovative future engineers who are well versed in both digital and analog aspects of chip design. The research results to be disseminated in prestigious journals and conferences will expose and educate the public at large and further motivate these new concepts to be investigated by other researchers. Also, the enabling ideas explored in this proposal will directly affect most portable and stationary systems, which are important segments of the microelectronics market today. The ability to automatically synthesize data converters with all-digital blocks may allow the use of these structures in digital processors, medical and bio-medical integrated circuits, and other important systems utilizing analog-to-digital interface and digital signal processing, significantly lowering the cost of integrated circuit systems."
,,,,,,,,1230900,EAGER-Training Chief Scientists for the Ocean Research of Tomorrow: A Continuation,OCE,SHIP OPERATIONS,3/15/12,3/8/12,Clare Reimers,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Rose Dufour,2/28/15,"$151,626.00",,creimers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5411,7916,$0.00,"This project will be conducted by Clare Reimers of Oregon State University <br/>and plans to utilize US academic research vessels, R/Vs New Horizon and Endeavor, for two training program cruises involving 14 participants per cruise. Members of the UNOLS Office and an impressive number of scientists from throughout the oceanographic community also will contribute to the effort as either at sea mentors, workshop speakers, or lenders of equipment."
,,,,,,,,1142184,"Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica",PLR,ANTARCTIC EARTH SCIENCES,9/1/12,5/22/12,Joseph Levy,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Alexandra Isern,6/30/13,"$374,269.00","W. Berry Lyons, Andrew Fountain",joe.levy@utexas.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5112,,$0.00,"Intellectual Merit: <br/>The PIs propose to quantify the hillslope water, solute, and carbon budgets for Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, using water tracks to investigate near-surface geological processes and challenge the paradigm that shallow groundwater is minimal or non-exixtant. Water tracks are linear zones of high soil moisture that route shallow groundwater downslope in permafrost dominated soils. Four hypotheses will be tested: 1) water tracks are important pathways for water and solute transport; 2) water tracks transport more dissolved silica than streams in Taylor Valley indicating they are the primary site of chemical weathering for cold desert soils and bedrock; 3) water tracks that drain highland terrains are dominated by humidity-separated brines while water tracks that drain lowland terrains are dominated by marine aerosols; 4) water tracks are the sites of the highest terrestrial soil carbon concentrations and the strongest CO2 fluxes in Taylor Valley and their carbon content increases with soil age, while carbon flux decreases with age. To test these hypotheses the PIs will carry out a suite of field measurements supported by modeling and remote sensing. They will install shallow permafrost wells in water tracks that span the range of geological, climatological, and topographic conditions in Taylor Valley. Multifrequency electromagnetic induction sounding of the upper ~1 m of the permafrost will create the first comprehensive map of soil moisture in Taylor Valley, and will permit direct quantification of water track discharge across the valley. The carbon contents of water track soils will be measured and linked to global carbon dynamics.<br/><br/>Broader impacts: <br/>Non-science majors at Oregon State University will be integrated into the proposed research through a new Global Environmental Change course focusing on the scientific method in Antarctica. Three undergraduate students, members of underrepresented minorities, will be entrained in the research, will contribute to all aspects of field and laboratory science, and will present results at national meetings."
,,,,,,,,1246881,RAPID: Learning from the Development of an On-Line CS Degree,IIS,,10/1/12,9/17/12,Terri Fiez,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Sylvia J. Spengler,9/30/14,"$34,999.00",,terri@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,L122,"1709, 170E, 7914, 7967",$0.00,"The U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics projects that 3 out of every 4 new jobs in science and engineering will be in computing fields through 2018. This corresponds to nearly 1,000,000 jobs in computing over the 2008-2018 time span. Meanwhile, the number of computer science and engineering graduates nationally is approximately 15,000 each year - falling well short of the future job needs. One solution to bridging this gap is to focus on creating opportunities for the underemployed and unemployed graduates to align their skills to opportunities that exist in computing. Oregon State University recently announced a new program to do exactly that. They are launching a new on-line post baccalaureate degree in Computer Science where students can earn a second Bachelor of Science degree in as short as one year without relocating. The process of developing this degree program has already presented many new challenges. These topics and others are common to programs as they move to more remote delivery formats. The team intends to capture its journey developing this program. The team will capture the steps taken, what worked and what did not. As on-line education is taking off nationally and becoming more mainstream, capturing lessons learned from one program can help inform others as they move into this new paradigm of education."
,,,,,,,,1210904,DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Disease Invasion Dynamics: Brucella abortus and Mycobacterium bovis in African Buffalo,DEB,POP & COMMUNITY ECOL PROG,6/1/12,6/6/12,Anna Jolles,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Alan James Tessier,5/31/14,"$12,480.00",Erin Gorsich,jollesa@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,1182,"1182, 9179, SMET, 9169,",$0.00,"Interactions between co-infecting pathogens are common in wildlife populations and each pathogen has the potential to affect one another?s transmission. In African buffalo, disease interactions may have important social and economic consequences because buffalo are the main reservoirs of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis. Both brucellosis and tuberculosis are bacterial infections that cause significant morbidity during spill-over infections to cattle in areas surrounding wildlife preserves, such as on the borders of Kruger National Park, South Africa. Bovine tuberculosis was only recently introduced into Kruger National Park's buffalo population in the 1980s, so its effects on both the buffalo population as well as on brucellosis transmission are unknown. Bovine tuberculosis may reduce the spread of brucellosis if it causes increased mortality in co-infected animals or may increase the spread of brucellosis if the immune suppression it causes enhances the transmission of brucellosis. This project aims to understand how the immune-suppression and increased mortality caused by Bovine tuberculosis affect brucellosis transmission. The project will combine immunological tools to investigate pathogen interactions in individual buffalo, with mathematical models to scale up from individual hosts to predict population scale consequences for disease transmission in buffalo. <br/><br/>This project will foster stronger linkage between veterinarians and ecologists through collaborations, and outreach in Africa and at the veterinary school at Oregon State University. Understanding the mechanisms and consequences of wildlife disease interactions requires integration between these fields as they offer different perspectives and techniques. Results from this project will have practical implications for management of wildlife diseases in general and for predicting the consequences of new pathogens in their wildlife reservoirs."
,,,,,,,,1204204,"Data-Model Synthesis: Gulf of Alaska Sea-Surface Paleotemperature, Freshwater Input, and the Dynamics of Deglacial Climate Variability",OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,7/1/12,7/5/12,Alan Mix,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Candace O. Major,6/30/15,"$530,000.00","Fredrick Prahl, Andreas Schmittner-Boesch",mix@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"1304, 1620, EGCH, OTHR",$0.00,"The high-latitude North Pacific is a key region for understanding past changes in the ocean-climate system, yes it remains understudied and undersampled compared to similarly important regions of the global oceans. Attempts to model the North Pacific region at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have produced divergent results, and currently no comprehensive paleoceanographic records exist to verify model output.<br/><br/>To address this problem, this study will investigate North Pacific sea surface temperature and upper ocean changes at the LGM using a combined multi-proxy and multi-model synthesis approach. The project, led by faculty members at Oregon State University in collaboration with researchers in Portugal, will leverage sediment cores from previous field campaigns to obtain proxy data. The use of multiple proxies (oxygen isotopes, foraminiferal and diatom assemblages, Mg/Ca from planktonic foraminifera, clumped isotope analysis, and alkenone paleothermometry) will help to resolve inconsistencies and avoid biases produced by single-proxy reconstructions. Multi-proxy data will be compared with a synthesis of multiple models to establish constraints on the behavior of the North Pacific at the LGM. <br/><br/>This work will produce a better understanding of North Pacific ocean-climate dynamics that are relevant to regional policy concerns (e.g., Alaskan glacier melt, changes affecting North Pacific fisheries). The project includes workforce development and mentoring at a wide range of levels, including post-doctoral associates in Portugal, a PhD student at OSU, an OSU undergraduate student from an underrepresented minority group, and high school students through the OSU Saturday Academy and NSF's Research Apprenticeships for High School Students program. OSU faculty members will work with National Park Service representatives to incorporate project results into outreach materials for three Alaskan National Parks and the NPS Climate Change Response program."
,,,,,,,,1116293,Oceanographic Instrumentation 2011,OCE,OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION,6/1/11,5/25/11,Daryl Swensen,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,James S. Holik,5/31/12,"$39,300.00",,dswensen@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5413,,$0.00,"A request is made to fund additional and back-up instrumentation on the R/V Wecoma, a 185? general purpose research vessel operated by Oregon State University as part of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System research fleet. The vessel is owned by the National Science Foundation. The request includes:<br/><br/>1) GPS Based Network Time Server<br/>2) Multicorer Refurbishment<br/>3) Acoustic Testing on R/V WECOMA<br/>4) Double-Rate Pingers<br/><br/>Broader Impacts:<br/> The principal impact of the present proposal is under criterion two, providing infrastructure support for scientists to use the vessel and its shared-use instrumentation in support of their NSF-funded oceanographic research projects (which individually undergo separate review by the relevant research program of NSF). The acquisition, maintenance and operation of shared-use instrumentation allows NSF-funded researchers from any US university or lab access to working, calibrated instruments for their research, reducing the cost of that research, and expanding the base of potential researcher."
,,,,,,,,1343573,Collaborative Research: Improved Constraints on Holocene Retreat History of the Laurentide and Scandinavian Ice Sheets from Cosmogenic Dating and Implications for Sea-level Rise,EAR,SEDIMENTARY GEO & PALEOBIOLOGY,4/1/13,6/19/13,Anders Carlson,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,H. Richard Lane,4/30/14,"$129,505.00",,acarlson@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,7459,,$0.00,"Collaborative Research: Improved constraints on Holocene retreat history of the Laurentide and Scandinavian Ice Sheets from cosmogenic dating and implications for sea-level rise<br/><br/>Anders E. Carlson (U. of Wisconsin-Madison) EAR-0958872 <br/>Peter U. Clark (Oregon State U.) EAR-0958714<br/><br/>ABSTRACT<br/>A major objective of ice sheet and climate research is to understand the responses of ice sheets to climate change. Ascertaining the past rates of ice-sheet retreat and contributions to sea-level rise under climate that was naturally warmer than present provides context for the future Greenland Ice-Sheet response to global warming. Here, this research team proposes to improve the deglacial chronologies and investigate retreat rates of the Laurentide (LIS) and Scandinavian (SIS) Ice Sheets during the early to mid-Holocene (<11.7 ka), a period of time that provides an excellent natural experiment where these terrestrial ice sheets deglaciated under a climate warmer than present but potentially similar to the end of this century. This project proposes to directly date the retreat of the southeastern and eastern LIS margins and the southern, eastern, and northern SIS margins during the early to mid-Holocene using in situ cosmogenic surface exposure ages, significantly improving the chronology for the largest of the LIS domes and the majority of the SIS. The resulting chronologies will be combined with already existing cosmogenic chronologies from western Quebec, northeastern Labrador and southern Finland, and existing minimum limiting radiocarbon dates and varve records. These data will allow calculations of LIS and SIS retreat rates and sea-level rise contributions during the early to mid-Holocene, with the remainder of sea-level rise largely attributable to the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The results will provide estimates of the natural rates at which ice sheets can melt under radiative forcing that may be analogous to the climate of the end of this century. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts<br/>Given that the greatest uncertainty in predicting future sea-level rise in response to global warming are the contributions from the remaining ice sheets, it is critical to constrain melt rates under warmer than present climates. Results of this research will provide climate scientists with estimates of the retreat rates and attendant sea-level rise contributions from terrestrial ice sheets under a climate naturally warmer than present. The information gained from this research will be of significant importance for policy decisions and of interest to a broad range of earth scientists and the public in general. This research proposal will support 2 Ph.D. students who will be exposed to a multi-disciplinary scientific approach that includes paleoclimatology, glacial geology, cosmogenic isotope geochemistry and paleoceanography. It will also provide support for an untenured, early career Assistant Professor furthering his academic career."
,,,,,,,,1266397,"Collaborative Proposal:Testing the Invasion Process: Survival, Dispersal, Genetic Characterization, and Attenuation of Marine Biota on the 2011 Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris Field",OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,12/1/12,11/21/12,Jessica Miller,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,11/30/14,"$89,153.00",John Chapman,Jessica.Miller@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,"7914, 9169",$0.00,"This project will examine marine organisms arriving on the US West Coast in association with floating marine debris from the March 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami in northern Japan. The volume of debris is large and has the potential to inaugurate a massive injection of foreign species. As an example, in June 2012, a single, 20 m-long floating dock dislodged from the port of Misawa on Honshu Island transported nearly 100 Asian species to the coast of Oregon. The PIs propose to gather data on species identity, population structure, reproductive condition, growth histories, genetics, and parasite/pathogen presence from the rafted biota. More than just an assessment of what is arriving, the work will be structured around evaluating a number of parameters important for understanding the potential for long-distance rafting and subsequent invasions. The PIs will also document genetic diversity, providing another perspective on invasions and, where the genes are novel to North America, providing a baseline for examining the spread of novel genes in a new environment. Under most circumstances, the dispersal of adult stages across large expanses of ocean is rare and therefore difficult to study. The large debris field from the tsunami provides a unique opportunity for these studies. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts: Biological invasions are a major driver of community and ecosystem change. The findings of this study will provide valuable information on invasion processes and potential, and in the short term will provide rapid, authoritative information on the species composition, traits, and abundance of invaders associated with the present debris field. The work will include an assessment of parasites and pathogens which could threaten native species."
,,,,,,,,1137986,Bathymetric Survey: Completion of Coverage of the Cascadia Subduction Zone in Support of the Cascadia Initiative OBS Array Deployment,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,6/1/11,2/14/14,Chris Goldfinger,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Candace O. Major,5/31/14,"$169,907.00",John Barth,gold@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, 1620, 7914, OTHR",$0.00,"As part of the 2009 ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act) spending, NSF?s Earth Sciences (EAR) and Ocean Sciences (OCE) divisions each received $5M in facility-related investment. The funds were targeted toward the creation of an Amphibious Array Facility to support EarthScope and MARGINS science objectives. The first of these studies will take place in Cascadia (offshore northern California, Oregon, Washington and southern British Columbia), where there is significant risk of a major subduction zone, ?megathrust? earthquake that will affect population centers including Vancouver, Seattle and Portland. With the primary aim of improving our understanding of seismicity and seismic risk in this region, 60 or more Ocean Bottom Seismographs (OBS) will be deployed across the region over a period of four years beginning in the summer of 2011. The recent earthquake and tsunami in northern Japan, a setting not unlike Cascadia, provide fresh impetus for this study. Good bathymetric data are essential for choosing OBS station locations. Because many of the deployments occur in and near active canyon systems and very seismically active areas, site selection will be difficult, and good bathymetric data are required to minimize the loss of instruments. The proposed cruise will fill in poor bathymetric coverage in Cascadia, particularly along the Washington and Canadian margins. In addition to its obvious contribution to the overall objective of the Cascadia Initiative, broader impacts of this effort include improvements in regional bathymetric coverage that will significantly improve our understanding of the Cascadia subduction margin, and have implications for seismic hazards in the western U.S. Additionally, the project will provide training and support for a graduate student."
,,,,,,,,1155849,Collaborative Research: Continuing a unique time-series of volcanic inflation at Axial Seamount,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,9/1/12,9/14/12,William Chadwick,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Barbara L. Ransom,8/31/14,"$116,391.00",,bill.chadwick@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, OTHR",$0.00,"Axial Volcano, a large submarine volcano sitting on the Juan de Fuca spreading ridge, 250 miles off the Oregon coast, is one of the three sites of a major NSF investment in ocean observing. Due to its association with an important and unique hydrothermal vent system and its propensity for erupting on what appears to be a decadal time scale, Axial has also been the site of a 15 year NSF/NOAA time-series study of submarine volcanic activity. Axial is also the first and only site where active volcanic inflation has been documented on the seafloor and used to successfully forecast the timing of the next eruption. During a routine visit to the volcano in July of 2011, it was discovered that Axial had once again erupted and spewed lava flows more than 2 kilometers wide and many kilometers long across the seafloor, causing the floor of the caldera to subside by more than 2 meters. This research supports the collection of geophysical and geodetic measurements on the volcanic edifice to measure the rate at which magma refills the emptied magma chamber inside the volcano. Innovative undersea surveying methods, using a combination of newly established benchmarks and bottom pressure recorders will be used to monitor the long-term vertical deformation of the volcano. Results of this work extend the present time-series and allow us to refine and test models of both the eruption cycle behavior and of submarine volcano shallow magma dynamics and rheology. It will also help to allow us to assess how predictably the volcano behaves over several eruption cycles. Insights from the project will have applications for in both undersea technological advances as well as improving our understanding of the behavior of mid-ocean ridge magmatic systems and undersea volcanic hazards. Broader impacts of the work include the development of new techniques that build infrastructure for science and developing a better understanding of submarine volcanic hazards."
,,,,,,,,1247003,RAPID: Continuous Measurement of Sediment Transport and Hydraulic Conditions in a Mountain Stream Prior to Wood Placement,EAR,GEOMORPHOLOGY & LAND USE DYNAM,7/1/12,6/22/12,Stephen Lancaster,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Jessica H. Robin,6/30/13,"$25,620.00",,stephen.lancaster@geo.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,7458,7914,$0.00,"This project will study river bedload transport dynamics prior to and following placement of large woody debris (LWD) in the Siuslaw National Forest in the Oregon Coast Range. The team will instrument bedload with passive integrated transponder tags and track their movements prior to emplacement of the LWD. Recent news that no other such projects are currently scheduled or proposed in this National Forest, in addition to the accessibility of the site, creates urgency and opportunity to capture the pre-emplacement sediment dynamics under a range of conditions. The study will (a) provide fundamental, and rare, information regarding bed material sediment transport in field conditions, information that will serve as a valuable reference point for evaluating sediment transport relations based on flume and engineered-stream studies; (b) address the sensitivities of mountain stream sediment transport to downstream debris characteristics and upstream supply limitations; and (c) determine whether grain-size dependence of transport is accentuated or dampened by debris and other channel irregularities.<br/><br/>This project will provide rarely obtained data that will inform not only theoretical understanding of sediment transport in mountain streams, but also stream restoration practitioners about the impacts of LWD placement. One application of LWD is for managing salmonid habitats. The team will interact with National Forest scientists and practitioners in the Pacific NW."
,,,,,,,,1155863,Tidal-Band and High-Frequency Internal Waves on the Inner Shelf,OCE,PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,2/15/12,2/21/12,John Barth,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Eric C. Itsweire,1/31/15,"$135,306.00",,barth@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1610,,$0.00,"This study will characterize and understand the variability of internal waves on the Oregon inner shelf through three analysis approaches using historical data, targeted high-frequency inner-shelf observations and realistic numerical model output. The historical data come from a 10+ year observational record of the central Oregon inner shelf collected by the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans, and a mid-shelf mooring maintained by the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems since 2007. Data include moored water-column velocity and water properties (temperature, salinity). The inner-shelf data set also includes a combination of high-frequency sampling in-situ moorings and Argus video remote sensing to capture the high-frequency nonlinear internal wave field around Yaquina Head, OR. Data from experiments conducted in summer 2010 and 2011 will be analyzed to establish the relationship between high-frequency internal motions on the inner shelf and offshore continental shelf processes (e.g. internal tides, buoyant plumes, upwelling fronts). Since moored observational records are necessarily limited in space, output from a hydrostatic, 3-dimensional numerical model (ROMS) with realistic bathymetry and forcing conditions will be analyzed in conjunction with the observational data to study the propagation and arrival of internal tides to the Oregon inner shelf.<br/><br/>The inner shelf is the last stretch of stratified coastal ocean and is potentially the termination point for internal waves. This study will investigate how various oceanic background conditions and external forcing induce temporal and spatial variability in internal wave evolution as they propagate across the shelf. This includes the effects of variable wind, stratification, subtidal currents, tidal forcing, and surface wave conditions. It will also provide estimates of how internal wave energy and potential mass transport to the inner shelf are modified by these background conditions. Because the internal tide is intermittent in time, complex demodulation or wavelet analysis will be used to isolate the internal tidal component from velocity and temperature data. Time series techniques (e.g., lagged correlations, empirical orthogonal functions) will be employed to explore a number of hypotheses of how inner-shelf internal tide energy relates to offshore processes, external forcing and background oceanic conditions.<br/><br/>Intellectual Merit: Internal waves are an important link connecting nearshore environments to offshore shelf circulation. With the extensive historical data record, tidal-band internal wave variability will be described for a wide range of background oceanic and forcing conditions over regions of both simple and complex topography. This work will uncover interannual variability in these mechanisms and begin to address the question of how these processes might change over time. Understanding these processes will also provide insight into locating regions of energy dissipation and mixing on the continental shelf. Lastly, the use of Argus technology will address the utility of shore-based video remote sensing to monitor high-frequency internal waves across the inner shelf.<br/><br/>Broader Impact: Understanding inner-shelf internal tides is of interest in marine ecology and biogeochemistry. For example, recruitment of intertidal invertebrates has been linked to internal tide events. Furthermore, the study region is near the entrance to the Yaquina river - an example of a small coastal estuary with active oyster farming and commercial fishing industries. Understanding the processes that determine the source water content to these estuaries is crucial for effective estuarine management especially as shelf waters have been found to be acidic and low in dissolved oxygen. Internal waves are often unresolved in coastal numerical models and collaborating with modelers will allow for a feedback between this research and the modeling community. Finally, this project primarily supports the dissertation research and scientific training of a graduate student."
,,,,,,,,1258213,HCC: Small: A Physical Vocabulary for Human-Robot Interaction,IIS,Cyber-Human Systems (CHS),6/1/12,5/9/13,William Smart,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Ephraim P. Glinert,8/31/13,"$97,098.00",,bill.smart@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7367,"7218, 7367, 7923, 9215, 9251, HPCC",$0.00,"We are the victims of our own success. We can now deploy mobile robots in real-world environments and have them operate completely autonomously for extended periods of time. We no longer have to surround our robots with graduate student wranglers to keep them functional, and to keep the general public at a safe distance. These technical successes mean that members of the general public must now interact directly with robots, without the aid of an interpreter. But members of the public are poorly equipped for such interactions, since they are unfamiliar with real robots and how they work. Thus, the interactions often go poorly; the robot is hindered in performing its task, and the human is unhappy. For people to be comfortable interacting with a robot, they must feel that they understand what it's thinking, what it's trying to do, and the actions that it will take. Moreover, people must be able to deduce this information from observing the robot for a short period of time, just as we do with other humans that we encounter. The fundamental problem here is that humans communicate a wealth of information by means of a non-verbal ""vocabulary"" in which body language (how we stand, how we hold our arms, etc.), eye contact, nods, and other subtle cues ostensibly not essential to the task at hand play significant roles. We do this naturally, and without conscious effort. Taken in context, this information allows us to infer another person's state of mind, goals, and intentions with surprising accuracy; this, in turn, allows us to predict how a given interaction will unfold, and gives us some control over it. Because people take this ability for granted, they suffer when it is absent, as is currently often the case when interacting with a mobile robot. The PI intends to address this deficiency in the current project. He argues that to make human-robot interactions as natural as possible, we must equip robots with our physical vocabulary and ensure that they use it appropriately, following social norms. To achieve this goal the PI will turn to the performing arts, where actors are trained to express themselves physically. A good actor can convey a vast amount of information about a character's state of mind, goals, and intentions by simply walking across the stage in a particular way. The actions may be styled, larger-than-life, or subtle, but they are intended to convey information about the character's internal mental state. The techniques that actors employ have been honed and refined for hundreds of years and tested for effectiveness on the general public. In this research, the PI will exploit such insights and skills to develop a physical vocabulary that can communicate beliefs, intentions, and goals to humans interacting with a robot, thereby enabling people to better predict the robot's actions. Finally, the PI will rigorously evaluate these actions to verify that they are actually useful. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts: Robots are becoming more and more a part of our lives, and members of the public will be forced to deal with them sooner or later. If we have an understanding of the physical aspects of these interactions, the integration of robots into our everyday lives will be made much less painful and distressing."
,,,,,,,,1149095,"RAPID: Collaborative Research: A Short, Open-Access 2D MCS Acquisition Program off Washington State",OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,6/1/12,5/7/12,Anne Trehu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Bilal U. Haq,5/31/13,"$13,797.00",,trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, 1620, 7914, 9150, OTHR",$0.00,"The great Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of 2011 has reminded us of the hazards to life and property that attend such events, and of the need for a focused scientific effort to understand both their causes and effects. Cascadia, which extends from northern California to southern British Columbia, will be the site of a future great earthquake that will affect a number of large metropolitan centers, including Seattle and Portland. The Cascadia Initiative is an effort to gain a better understanding of seismicity in the region that includes the deployment of an array of instruments both onshore and offshore. Several ancillary studies are also planned or under way; one such study is a sophisticated 3D (three dimensional) seismic survey to be carried out off the coast of Washington. The suite of 2D seismic profiles that will be acquired by this project will provide essential data for planning and carrying out the 3D survey. The chief broader impact of this study is the very high societal relevance of gaining an improved understanding of the seismic risk in this region."
,,,,,,,,1110103,"Workshop/Collaborative Research: Charting a Course for Computer-Aided Bio-inspired Design Research; Palo Alto, California; March 20, 2011",CMMI,ENGINEERING DESIGN AND INNOVAT,3/15/11,3/10/11,Robert Stone,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Paul Collopy,2/28/13,"$37,999.00",,rstone@engr.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1464,"067E, 068E, 073E, 7556, 9148",$0.00,"The objective of this award will be to conduct a one day workshop with the aim of investigating the emerging research area in engineering design known as Bio-inspired Design (BID). The key intellectual merit of the workshop lies in identifying future research directions of BID -- specifically problem focused research directions such as complex system design and sustainability. Another key intellectual contribution is the identification of the fundamental impediments to joining the engineering and biological (and related) disciplines and the associated research directions needed to overcome them. Bringing these two disciplines together is critical due to: i) the relevant technical knowledge in each community; and ii) the cultural difference between them that has occurred through the development of engineering as a solution generating applied science and biology as a knowledge generating pure science. This workshop will serve as a means of gathering researchers in a single location to identify the state of the art in the emerging field and to identify critical knowledge gaps that represent potential for further exploration. The attendees will address the critical question: ""How do we transform BID from point solution efforts to fundamental methods and theories?"" Additional discussion points will focus on biological/natural sustainable solutions that could potentially be explored as models for engineered systems. <br/><br/>If successful, this award will enable researchers in the emerging field of Bio-Inspired Design (BID) to lay the framework that allows BID to move from a general concept with point specific applications to a full research field with identified problems, challenges, and rigorous approaches to deal with those challenges. The issue of sustainability for complex engineered systems is presently of national and global importance and will be explored in the context of BID. The continuing forums on the workshop website combined with a follow-up workshop six months later allow an aftershock effect of the effort to reach additional individuals in a slightly altered and matured form. A final report will be widely distributed across traditional disciplinary lines in order to achieve the greatest impact and provide the greatest guidance to researchers."
,,,,,,,,1228651,"Collaborative Research: Pacific-Arctic Carbon Synthesis - Transformations, Fluxes, and Budgets.",PLR,ARCTIC SYSTEM SCIENCE PROGRAM,11/15/11,2/23/12,Laurie Juranek,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Henrietta N. Edmonds,8/31/14,"$39,757.00",,ljuranek@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5219,1079,$0.00,"Predicting future conditions of the Arctic Ocean system requires scientific knowledge of its present status as well as a process-based understanding of the mechanisms of change. This research effort will synthesize a number of recent, upcoming, and historical datasets to create three regional carbon budgets for the Chukchi/western Beaufort Sea, the Bering Sea, and the northern Gulf of Alaska. As waters from the North Pacific make their way through these regions a number of transformations occur that modify them before they enter the central Arctic Ocean. In general, the waters exiting these shelf seas are fresher, colder, and have lower pH due to the uptake of CO2 and the remineralization of organic matter. Because of the importance that biogeochemical transformations have in preconditioning the waters of the central Arctic and ultimately parts of the North Atlantic it is important to gain a better understanding of how these processes impact the carbon biogeochemistry of the region. The investigators propose to address this issue by better constraining the carbon budgets for three zones in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean including coastal fluxes, rates of primary production and air-sea exchange of CO2 as well as developing algorithms with predictive capabilities for carbonate mineral saturation states. The aim of this effort is to determine how physical forcing and biological responses control the marine carbon cycle including the rates of air-sea CO2 exchange and net community production as well as ocean acidification effects in the contrasting shelf environments, and to better constrain the present stocks and fluxes of carbon and determine how climate change will affect the regional carbon cycle. The project will support four early career investigators, a postdoctoral scientist, and a Ph.D. student."
,,,,,,,,1108487,Collaborative Research: Reconstruction of the eastern Bering ice-ocean system by variational assimilation of the BEST-BSIERP data,PLR,ARCTIC NATURAL SCIENCES,8/15/11,8/4/11,Alexander Kurapov,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,"William J. Wiseman, Jr.",7/31/14,"$146,286.00",,kurapov@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5280,"1079, 5286",$0.00,"Funds are provided to achieve three major goals. <br/>1. To synthesize data from the BEST-BSIERP coordinated programs in the Bering Sea and data from other sources, collected during the same time period (2007-2010), via modeling and data assimilation. Two joint data assimilation systems will be applied to reconstruct the physical oceanographic fields of the eastern Bering ice-ocean system. The first system will be configured to reconstruct the large-scale circulation in the eastern Bering Sea and to accurately describe the large-scale processes in the South Eastern Bering Sea Shelf. The second will be configured for the eastern Bering Sea Shelf and will explicitly resolve eddy and tidal dynamics, thus leading to a better understanding of the nonlinear interaction processes between the deep basin and the shelf region of the eastern Bering Sea. <br/>2. To analyze the reconstructed fields and identify processes important for causing observed variability. <br/>3. To determine the impact of assimilating data with different origins on the estimation of near-surface transports of volume, momentum, heat, and material. This will be accomplished through adjoint sensitivity analysis. Results will help optimize Bering Sea mooring observations in future studies. <br/><br/>The Bering Sea is the largest commercial and subsistence fishery of the United States. Management of this fishery in the face of ongoing climate variability requires an understanding of all the processes impacting the fishery. Amongst these are the changing water temperature, which influences the growth rate of fish, and the current field, which carries fish eggs and larvae from their spawning regions to their nursery grounds. This project will contribute to an understanding of how these fields change in response to other external forcing."
,,,,,,,,1049792,Trace Element Characteristics of Zircon: A Means of Assessing Mineralization Potential of Granitoid Intrusions and Porphyries,EAR,PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY,10/1/11,7/31/12,John Dilles,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Jennifer Wade,9/30/14,"$227,038.00",Adam Kent,dillesj@geo.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1573,,$0.00,"Intellectual Merit. Globally, hydrous and sulfur-rich arc magmas in convergent margin settings are genetically related to magmatic-hydrothermal fluids that produce porphyry Cu(-Mo-Au), epithermal Au(-Ag), and a variety of other types of mineral deposits types. Although in theory an average arc-type granodiorite can generate such a deposit, most intrusions in arc crust do not produce mineral deposits and are economically barren. intermediate to silicic magmas are both strongly oxidized and, although they are emplaced and crystallized in the upper continental crust, they ultimately derive from deeper seated mantle-sourced basaltic to andesitic magmas. A systematic study of the trace element compositions and ages of zircons from representative mineralized and barren intrusions is proposed to evaluate the utility of this mineral as a tracer for mineralization. Samples from a range of well characterized porphyry and related systems in the Western USA and South America will be targeted for study. Zircon is well-known as a robust mineral that retains its magmatic composition through subsequent cooling, reheating, or hydrothermal events. A suite of trace elements including Hf, Y, Sc, V, Ti, and the rare earth elements can be accurately analyzed in situ in zircon via the ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG) and laser ablation-ICP-MS methods. Additionally, U-Th-Pb isotopic age information can be collected simultaneous or sequentially. The Hf/Zr ratio increases during crystallization of magma, and temperature can be monitored using the Ti-in-zircon geothermometer. Thus, zircon offers the opportunity to constrain time-temperature-composition paths for intrusive systems. The rare earth element systematics in zircons will also be evaluated as a tracer of redox conditions in the intrusive magmas. For example, initial work on porphyry intrusions at El Salvador, Chile, indicates that the Eu anomaly measured in zircons from mineralized intrusions is small compared to barren intrusions, and likely results from a combination of higher oxidation state and magmatic differentiation in the middle or deep crust where plagioclase is absent.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts. This proposal will contribute to understanding of the processes that lead to formation of porphyry-type mineral deposits, which are the principal global sources of copper and molybdenum, and significant byproduct gold, silver, and other metals with annual global production in excess of $100 billion. The project will also support one post-doctoral researcher and support teaching efforts by both PI?s in economic geology and geochemistry at OSU that are essential training for geoscientists required to find, exploit and remediate mineral deposits. The work will also involve collaboration with industry, providing new pathways for students to obtain practical experience in the minerals industry and opening the way for future collaborative efforts."
,,,,,,,,1203959,Collaborative Research: The Hot Springs Village Site: a Window to Southern Bering Sea Paleo-Ecosystems and Human - Landscape Interactions,PLR,ARCTIC SOCIAL SCIENCES,9/1/13,8/9/13,Nicole Misarti,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Anna Kerttula de Echave,9/30/13,"$19,386.00",,nmisarti@alaska.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5221,"1079, 5221",$0.00,"The southern Bering Sea and Bristol Bay are home to the United States? most important fisheries. Understanding the southern Bering Sea ecosystem is so critical to our understanding of climate change, global economic development, and modern fisheries that a number of US agencies have invested considerable resources to understand the Bering Sea ecosystem. Yet little is known about the ancient history of the Bering Sea, with no baseline from which to measure any modern changes. This collaborative project will undertake excavations at precisely identified locations in temporally distinct middens at the Hot Springs site, Port Moller, Alaskan Peninsula. Hot Springs has been excavated repeatedly in the past but poorly documented. It is one of the largest, if not the largest, village site on the Bering Sea coast, the northernmost known Aleut village, and a potential place for Aleut/Alutiiq interaction or occupation. On these grounds, alone, it is worth re-investigating to understand better regional prehistory. However, the PIs will also investigate major archaeological and ecological questions in the Bering Sea region, including human use of landscapes, stability and change in subsistence practices, species distribution, long-term climate change, and sea ice regimes. The project will add much to our understanding of human ecodynamic systems in the southeastern Bering Sea region, as well as including education and training for local Aleut students.<br/><br/>What makes this project most important is that the site was occupied during some of the warmest climatic regimes of the last 5000 years, often during time periods when the rest of the Alaska Peninsula shows a sparse population. It is at the southern edge of the winter ice pack but has deep and stratified shellfish deposits from 4000 years of human harvesting. Over 100 taxa of mammals, birds, fish, and shellfish have been identified in the Hot Springs deposits. Using systematic and targeted excavations to collect large samples of faunal remains from the Hot Springs Village site, the PIs will reconstruct the environmental history of the southern Bering Sea with the potential to create a baseline for modern fisheries studies."
,,,,,,,,1151670,"""Doctoral Dissertation Research: Rocks and Reactors: The Origins of Radiation Exposure Disparity, 1941 to 1979""",SES,"SCIENCE, TECH & SOCIETY",4/1/12,4/2/12,Jacob Hamblin,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Linda Layne,3/31/13,"$15,000.00",Linda Richards,jacob.hamblin@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,SBE,7603,"1353, 9179",$0.00,"Doctoral Dissertation Research: <br/>Rocks and Reactors: The Origins of Radiation Exposure Disparity, 1941-1979<br/><br/>This research investigates how different standards for contamination became acceptable norms at different organizational settings and stages in the nuclear fuel chain. It compares radiation safety as practiced at Atoms for Peace research reactor laboratories and at southwestern United States uranium mines. Archival and secondary literature is used to investigate how radiation safety was instituted internationally at academic research reactors, but not extended to those most directly affected by radiation pollution?indigenous subsistence communities located where a high proportion of the nuclear fuel chain activities (mining, milling, production, use, and storage of nuclear materials) occur worldwide. <br/><br/>It advances scholarship on the inclusion, exclusion, and exchange of scientific knowledge and practice between diverse cultures at research reactors and mining sites. It demonstrates how the differential regulation of the same technological product can occur, and finally, it fills an important gap in the history of nuclear technologies, by placing the regulation of nuclear reactors at the center of analysis. <br/><br/>This research explains the complex history of radiation standard setting so that a broader public can participate and contribute to discussions and decisions on environmental justice and nuclear history. In addition, it develops new teaching tools, and disseminates and builds knowledge through workshops on radiation exposure in which indigenous groups, research scientists and historians are active participants."
,,,,,,,,1147975,Collaborative Research: Imaging the Cascadia Subduction Zone: A Ship-to-shore Opportunity,EAR,"EARTHSCOPE-SCIENCE UTILIZATION, MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS",5/1/12,5/27/13,Anne Trehu,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Gregory J. Anderson,4/30/15,"$190,566.00",,trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"017F, 1620",017F,$0.00,"Technical Abstract<br/><br/>Oceanic plates store water as hydrous minerals through alteration at mid-ocean ridges and ocean basins, and release that water as these minerals break down in subduction zones. The relatively small Juan de Fuca plate allows an opportunity to completely image this process, from ridge to subduction zone thrust. This project enhances a major active-source seismic cruise of the R/V Langseth that will traverse the Juan de Fuca plate during the summer of 2012, extending the active seismic acquisition towards the shore and deploying 6 additional ocean bottom seismometers and 48 onshore seismometers to record the offshore sources. This will allow us to extend the velocity models landward of the trench, covering the locked zone and the up-dip edge of the part of the plate boundary that is characterized by episodic tremor and slip. The recorded data will overlap spatially with two of the densest receiver function transects across a subduction megathrust and will allow us to conduct an integrated analysis of the short-period and broad-band seismic response of thrust zone structure. By sampling along two corridors, one coming ashore in Washington and one in Oregon, we can investigate the hypothesis that subduction zone thrust properties vary along strike due to variable hydration of the oceanic plate, and explore relationships both in the locked zone and in the region of slow slip that may be affected by variations in hydration of the subducting plate. The integrated analysis of active-source with coincident existing passive-source data will place multiple-wavelength constraints on the extent to which thrust zones are characterized by substantial excess pore pressure or thick metasedimentary subduction channels. In addition, off Oregon we propose to shoot 5 shorter lines to enhance and extend the existing 3D coverage of ray paths in a segment of the margin that displays strong evidence of along-strike heterogeneity, including evidence for subducted seamounts that impact interplate coupling. Paleo-seismic data indicate that this segment is a major transition in the recurrence interval of plate boundary earthquakes. These hypotheses are closely related to many of the ""Outstanding Questions"" in the EarthScope Science Plan for 2010-2020, and address several motivating questions of the GeoPRISMS Subduction Cycles and Dynamics Initiative.<br/><br/> Non-technical Summary <br/><br/> The largest earthquakes on earth arise from the thrust faults of subduction zones, and the most likely place for a magnitude 9.0 earthquake in the 48 contiguous United States lies in the Cascadia subduction zone, just offshore Oregon, Washington, and northern California. Still, little remains known about the behavior of such fault zones, because their physical characteristics cannot be sampled directly at the depths that earthquakes occur. The scarcity of historical earthquakes on the Cascadia thrust zone further clouds our understanding of it. Seismic waves provide the main tool for examining the nature of these faults, allowing to construct images of these regions in a process that is analogous to a combined CAT scan and ultrasound of the human body. Prior studies have indicated an important role for water and sediment in allowing or regulating large earthquakes, and have been interpreted to show that thrust fault zones are either thick regions of very high pore pressure or regions lubricated by sediment. In this study, we take advantage of a previously-scheduled active-source seismic survey just offshore of the Cascadia subduction zone, focused on imaging the incoming Juan de Fuca plate, to gather additional data to sample the structure of the thrust zone. The project includes both offshore and on land seismograph deployments. We will compare the information we obtain on the structure of the fault zone here with images of the incoming plate being obtained farther offshore to see how the plate changes as it enters the subduction zone. We will also compare our results to images obtained previously using much lower frequency earthquake sources and to images from other subduction zones that have recently experienced very large earthquakes (e.g. NE Japan and central Chile). This study will improve our understanding of the relationship between fault zone structure, incoming and upper-plate structure, and earthquake hazards in the region. The project also emphasizes student training across a broad spectrum of field acquisition and seismic analysis techniques."
,,,,,,,,1359988,Collaborative Research: Mental Models of Students and Practitioners in the Development of an Authentic Assessment Instrument for Traffic Signal Engineering,DUE,"S-STEM:SCHLR SCI TECH ENG&MATH, TUES-Type 1 Project",9/15/13,9/13/13,Shane Brown,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Amy Chan Hilton,3/31/15,"$34,221.00",,shane.brown@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,"1536, 7513","9178, SMET",$0.00,"Developing conceptual knowledge situated in engineering practice has been identified as a priority by national leaders in engineering education, with the theoretically-founded expectation that it will result in students who are more capable of innovative engineering design. Progress toward this goal requires understanding fundamental ways of knowing and learning of both engineering students and engineering practitioners, coupled with the design of research-based curriculum. The goals of this research are to synthesize early career professionals' and students' mental models of traffic signals and use this knowledge to develop a fully validated traffic signal concept inventory (TSCI) along with a set of ranking task exercises in traffic signal operations relevant to engineering practice. This will be the first development of a concept inventory and conceptual exercises using engineering practitioner knowledge. This work will: 1) Determine core concepts for isolated traffic signals, coordinated traffic signals, and systems of traffic signals; 2) Synthesize student and practitioner conceptual understanding of these traffic signals; 3) Develop a situated concept inventory and ranking tasks for traffic signals; and 4) Implement the TSCI and ranking tasks at 12 universities throughout the US and actively disseminate the research results. In the first year of implementation hundreds of students will be assessed with the validated TSCI. This study is significant because it advances the field by identifying differences in conceptual understanding between practicing engineers and students and develops a concept inventory instrument and conceptual ranking exercises incorporating practitioner understandings."
,,,,,,,,1067144,Collaborative Research: Fluorochemical Signatures in Municipal Waste and Landfill Leachate,CBET,ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING,4/1/11,5/16/13,Jennifer Field,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,William Cooper,3/31/15,"$204,919.00",,jennifer.field@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1440,"015E, 021E",$0.00,"Collaborative Proposal 1067144 PI Field/1066769 PI Barlaz<br/><br/>Fluorochemicals are now detected in both humans and wildlife, as well as in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments. The unique characteristics of fluorocarbon chains make them useful in a wide range of applications yet resistant to abiotic and biological degradation. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is not degraded by any known natural processes. The majority of fluorochemicals are applied to solid surfaces (e.g., carpets, textiles, paper) and these products are typically disposed of in landfills; however, virtually nothing is known about the processes that release fluorochemicals into leachate. In modern landfills, leachate is routed to wastewater treatment plants; however, fluorochemicals are not attenuated during wastewater treatment. For the thousands of older, closed landfills that were constructed without leachate collection systems, leachate is often released to groundwater. Research is critically needed to understand the role that landfills play as point sources of fluorochemicals in the environment.<br/>Hypothesis 1 is that fluorochemicals in landfills are released from refuse by physical leaching and by anaerobic biodegradation of the fluorocarbon-containing solids. Hypothesis 2 is that carpet, textiles, and paper are the primary sources of fluorochemicals and that the fluorochemical ?signature? of refuse can be used to differentiate landfills from other inputs to surface water such as municipal wastewater effluent. Hypothesis 3 is that landfills represent a long-term source of fluorochemicals and are a significant component of our nation?s fluorochemical inventory. Controlled laboratory experiments, field sampling and a model will be used to assess our hypotheses. Objective 1 is to quantify the concentration and composition of fluorochemicals released from refuse and refuse components by leaching and biodegradation of these refuse components. Experiments will be conducted in controlled landfill simulation reactors under both abiotic and biologically active anaerobic conditions. Quantitative data on individual fluorochemicals and the total oxidizable precursors that form dead-end, persistent fluorochemical forms including PFOS and PFOA will be obtained. The data will be used to identify the types of refuse that release individual fluorochemicals and their precursors and enable us to rationalize the fluorochemical ?signatures? of leachates. Objective 2 is to characterize fluorochemical concentrations in leachate. Leachates from a representative cross section of U.S. landfills will be analyzed to assess the effects of refuse age, climate, and landfill operating strategy. Objective 3 is to estimate the mass of fluorochemicals released to engineered (e.g., wastewater treatment plants) and natural (e.g., groundwater) systems on a national scale using an inventory model developed in this research.<br/>Intellectual Merit: This proposal represents the first effort to quantitatively evaluate the processes occurring within landfills that result in fluorochemical release and the relative importance of solid waste as a source of fluorochemicals. This project will (1) quantify the processes that result in fluorochemicals in landfill leachate, (2) establish the components of municipal refuse that release fluorochemicals, and (3) establish the basis for quantifying the degree to which landfills are long-term repositories and point sources of fluorochemicals released to engineered and natural aquatic systems. In terms of the broader impacts, this research will resonate with a public that is increasingly aware of trace organic chemicals in consumer products and in the environment. The PIs will capitalize on this awareness by developing a well-publicized web site that relates everyday items such as fast-food take-out boxes and stain resistant textiles to environmental engineering and chemistry. The proposed research will allow one Ph.D. student at each institution to participate in a high-profile project that involves collaboration between two universities. The inventory model will provide an estimate of fluorochemical release to the environment as well as a means for exploring uncertainty in this estimate that will be useful for regulators who must prioritize fluorochemical control efforts. The inventory model will also be useful for the assessment of other releases from landfills as data become available and will serve as a starting point for extension of this work globally."
,,,,,,,,1242064,Effects of Viruses on Coral Fitness,OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,11/1/11,4/23/13,Rebecca Vega,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,4/30/14,"$318,835.00",,rvegathurber@gmail.com,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,"CL10, 9117, 9169",$0.00,"Corals are important ecosystem engineers, providing habitat and nutrient recycling to tropical reefs. However, coral species richness and abundance are in decline world-wide, due in large part to anthropogenic impacts stemming from global industrialization and human population growth. Over the past several decades, global coral cover is estimated to have declined between ~20 to 60%, and approximately one-third of all known reef-building corals currently face an elevated risk of extinction. Coral disease is a major contributor to this decline of tropical reefs, and therefore, investigations into the causes of and remedies to these diseases are of critical importance. Currently little is known about viruses that infect corals. This project will address this issue.<br/><br/>Herpes-like viruses have been shown to be produced in coral tissues after acute episodes of stress.Viral diversity characterization, however, does not inform scientists about the effects of viral infection on coral hosts. This project will investigate whether viral infection in corals leads to disease and/or reductions in coral reproductive fitness. Specifically, this project aims to compare and contrast the relative abundance and diversity of viruses present in coral tissues during episodes of diseases, particularly, growth anomalies in Porites species and white plague disease in Montastraea species. Pyrosequencing of viral DNA will be conducted on healthy and diseased corals to: i) characterize new viral types, ii) determine whether viral types are associated with particular diseases, and iii) address the central hypothesis that viruses contribute to reduced coral fitness. Sequence analysis and functional annotation of coral viromes will determine the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of these viruses and identify viral mechanisms of host infection and disease. The role of viruses in host fitness will be further explored using coral fecundity and larval survivorship and settlement experiments on the model coral, Acropora millepora. Viruses will be isolated from adults, egg bundles, and larvae, in order to determine the transmission mode and ontogenic fitness effects of viral infection.<br/><br/>This proposal will expand the coral taxa, diseases, developmental stages, and geographic regions from which viruses have been characterized, broadening our general knowledge about the diversity of these coral parasites. The examination of viral consortia in healthy and diseased corals combined with viral inoculation experiments will then take the next step and provide scientists clues about the ecological roles that viruses play in coral reef ecosystems. This combination of high-throughput sequencing and microscopy-based methods will lead to a more comprehensive picture of the diversity and role(s) of coral viruses in holobiont fitness and disease. Lastly, insight into how viruses are transmitted will give policymakers better information about how to control viral outbreaks, including limiting the spread of infection and disease.<br/><br/>Recent metagenomics work has begun to uncover unique viral assemblages associated with a variety of ecosystems. To a large extent, this work has focused on phages from the open ocean and temperate coasts. This project will use similar methods to investigate viruses in tropical stony corals, a group of highly threatened organisms which provide a multitude of ecosystem services to marine organisms and local communities. The characterization of viral consortia in healthy, diseased, and different life stages of corals will provide scientists clues about the roles that viruses play in the establishment, health, and resilience of these critical ecosystem engineers.<br/><br/>Florida International University (FIU) is one of the largest minority and urban-serving institutions in the country. During the course of this project, mentorship will be provided to undergraduates, graduates, and postdoctoral researchers. This project will provide funds to begin the hands-on training of two female graduate students, a postdoctoral researcher, and two undergraduates in marine science, molecular biology, developmental biology, coral reef ecology, and bioinformatics. Such interdisciplinary training will help these young scientists develop a broad and technologically savvy academic career in the marine sciences. Lastly, this project will provide a solid foundation for the scientific career of a young female minority investigator."
,,,,,,,,1116374,WORKSHOP: HCC: VL/HCC 2011 Doctoral Consortium,IIS,Cyber-Human Systems (CHS),6/1/11,2/24/11,Christopher Scaffidi,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Ephraim P. Glinert,5/31/12,"$20,903.00",,cscaffid@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7367,7367,$0.00,"This is funding to support a Doctoral Consortium (workshop) for about 10-14 graduate students, along with a panel of 4-5 distinguished research faculty mentors, which will take place in conjunction with the 2011 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC 2011), to be held September 19-21, 2011, in Pittsburgh, and sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society. The long-running VL/HCC series occupies a unique niche among HCI and Programming Language conferences, in that it focuses specifically on how to help end users successfully develop and use software. Recent advances in computing have led to continually deeper integration between computers and human society. People now swim in a ""sea"" of socio-technical systems that synthesize large numbers of contributing users with vast amounts of source code. Examples include social media systems, open source repositories, online marketplaces and massively multiplayer online games. Yet as the socio-technical systems in this sea have grown in complexity, they have become increasingly difficult for end users to understand and direct toward productive ends. Thus, when users put data into a system they may be unable to anticipate and control how their data will be used by other people or by software in the system; when users take actions in the system they often cannot foresee and manage unintended effects on other users, software, or the system as a whole, particularly because the system's software often contains defects. These problems are further complicated by the fact that different users simultaneously might take actions toward differing goals, while autonomous software such as agents might meanwhile also take actions toward goals of their own. These and similar problems reflect a fundamental lack of sufficient methods, models and tools to help end users visualize, analyze, tailor, and manage large socio-technical systems. At a deeper level, insufficient theory is available for predicting the complicated, unstable, sometimes-emergent behavior that results when large numbers of diverse, unpredictable humans are coupled to unreliable software.<br/><br/>This year's VL/HCC Doctoral Consortium, the ninth to be funded by NSF in this series, will focus on advancing knowledge and understanding of solutions to these problems. The workshop will bring together and build community among young researchers working on different aspects of these problems from the perspectives of diverse fields including computer science, the social sciences, and education. It will guide the work of these new researchers by providing an opportunity for experts in the research field (as well as their peers) to give them advice, in that student participants will make formal presentations of their work during the workshop and will receive feedback from a faculty panel. The feedback is geared to helping students understand and articulate how their work is positioned relative to other human-computer interaction research, whether their topics are adequately focused for thesis research projects, whether their methods are correctly chosen and applied, and whether the results are appropriately analyzed and presented. As in prior years the VL/HCC 2011 Doctoral Consortium will be part of the regular conference program. A 2-page extended abstract of each participant's work will be published in the conference proceedings. More information about the VL/HCC conference may be found at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~vlhcc2011. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts: The workshop will help shape ongoing and future research projects aimed at alleviating a pressing problem of relevance to a great many people within our society. This event will promote discovery and learning, by encouraging the student researchers to explore a difficult and challenging open problem, through involvement of a panel of well-known researchers whose task is to provide constructive feedback, and through inclusion of other conference participants who will also learn from and provide additional feedback to the students and to each other. The PI and the members of the organizing committee will make special efforts to attract a diverse and interdisciplinary group of student participants, with special attention paid to recruitment of women and minorities. The PI expects that most of the students supported by this award will come from U.S. universities but as in past years, due to the highly international make-up of the research community, a few non-U.S. students may be invited to participate as well."
,,,,,,,,1155742,"Collaborative Research: Establishing baselines for nearshore marine ecosystems by examining sea otter trophic variation over 5,000 years of climatic and anthropogenic change",OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,5/1/12,2/13/12,Nicole Misarti,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,12/31/12,"$268,716.00",,nmisarti@alaska.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,9169,$0.00,"Intellectual Merit: The PIs will utilize natural stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen to define the trophic position of sea otters and how it has varied from pre-historic (5000BP) to historic (last 300 years) times in the Kodiak and eastern Aleutian regions of Alaska. Stable isotope data from known prey species in each area will be analyzed to construct an isotopic food web to compare with changes in sea otter bone isotope ratios over time. Prehistoric data will come from faunal remains in middens. Oxygen and carbon stable isotope data from archaeological and modern shells and paleo-proxy data from marine sediment cores will be used to evaluate changes in environment that may have affected nearshore ecosystems. These data will be used to evaluate mechanistic explanations for the dramatic recent changes in sea otter trophic position and abundance. One of the extant populations that will be studied is declining, while the other is doing well. Understanding the mechanisms behind these divergent modern trajectories is of fundamental ecological as well as management interest.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: The broader impacts of this project are founded in interdisciplinary research, conservation and management. This will be the first single-system, multiple-geographic, comparison of isotopic records of a keystone species that spans thousands of years. This study will promote interdisciplinary research, collaboration, and education across two universities, a museum, and local schools. Included in this project is an outreach program devised in conjunction with the local museum to provide youth education, participation in an ongoing lecture series for adults, and information on the project and results for the museum's library, which is accessed by both<br/>locals and visitors. Lastly, results of this study will benefit the long-term conservation and management of sea otters, nearshore marine ecosystems, and fisheries."
,,,,,,,,1232551,"Student Travel for Magnetism Summer School. To be held in Chennai, India, May 22-28, 2012.",ECCS,"ELECT, PHOTONICS, & MAG DEVICE, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH",5/1/12,4/22/12,Albrecht Jander,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Usha Varshney,4/30/13,"$16,000.00",Mingzhong Wu,jander@eecs.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,"1517, 7298","107E, 5919",$0.00,"Project Summary<br/><br/>Funds are requested to provide travel support for U.S. graduates students to attend<br/>the 2012 IEEE Magnetics Society Summer School in Chennai, India. The Magnetism<br/>Summer School is the IEEE Magnetics Society?s main outreach effort to promote<br/>education in the field of magnetism and attract more young scientists to choose a research<br/>career in magnetism and related areas. The one-week Magnetism Summer School is<br/>designed for graduate students studying magnetism, will consist of lectures by<br/>international experts and will include poster presentations by participating graduate<br/>students. The program will cover fundamentals and advanced topics in magnetism. The<br/>summer school is a unique opportunity for young scientists to meet leaders in their field<br/>in a relaxed and collegial atmosphere and to begin establishing a network of colleagues in<br/>the international research community. The funds requested from NSF will provide<br/>additional opportunities for U.S. graduate students to attend the Summer School.<br/><br/>Intellectual Merit<br/>The Summer School provides a forum for exchange of information in the field of<br/>magnetics research. In addition to formal lectures, each participating student is required<br/>to present a poster about their current research. These topics are discussed amongst the<br/>students and lecturers during poster sessions.<br/><br/>Broader Impact<br/>The broader impact of the Summer School lies in the education of young<br/>scientists and researchers in a fast-moving and economically important field. Participants<br/>will learn both fundamental as well as advanced topics through lectures delivered by<br/>internationally-renowned experts. In addition, there is a degree of cultural education,<br/>teaching young scientists to interact with and respect their colleagues from other<br/>countries. The organizers of the Summer School particularly encourage women and<br/>underrepresented minorities to apply. The program committee also strives for diversity in <br/>the lecturers selected for the summer school to provide role models for female and minority students."
,,,,,,,,1105061,EAGER: Production of Nanoscale Solar Energy Materials using a Solar Microreactor,CBET,PROCESS & REACTION ENGINEERING,2/1/11,1/28/11,Chih-hung Chang,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Maria Burka,1/31/13,"$100,000.00",,changch@che.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1403,"047E, 7237, 7916",$0.00,"1105061<br/>Chang<br/><br/>Intellectual Merits<br/><br/>The main purpose of chemical manufacturing processes is to transform raw materials into useful products. In the course of these operations, energy resources are consumed and the usefulness of materials resources is altered. As the world-wide demand for energy continues to rise and the economic and environmental impact of fossil fuel combustion continues to be felt, the search for suitable alternative energy sources has become more urgent than ever. Among the various renewable energy sources, the conversion of sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic (PV) properties of certain materials is attractive. Current PV manufacturing practices suffer from poor energy efficiency and large carbon footprints due to poor material utilization, high processing temperatures and/or high solvent usage -- offsetting the hope and promise of PV technologies. The objective of this project is to explore the possibility of a zero energy impact chemical manufacturing process for the production of nanoscale solar energy materials.<br/><br/>Recent advances in nanocrystals are having a dramatic impact on the development of next generation low-cost and/or high efficiency solar cells. For example, semiconductor nanocrystal inks are used to lower the fabrication cost of the absorber layers of the solar cells. In addition, some quantum confined nanocrystals display an electron-hole pair generation phenomena with greater than 100% quantum yield, called multiple exciton generation. These quantum dots could potentially be used to fabricate solar cells that exceed the Schockley-Queisser limit. This project aims to investigate the microreactor systems powered by renewable energy for the production of nanoscale solar energy materials. The needed thermal energy for driving the chemical reaction will be supplied via a parabolic trough solar concentrator. Two different reactor schemes will be investigated in this EAGER project. One is the direct use of solar radiation onto solar microchannel reactors and the other approach is to use an energy transfer medium to absorb the solar energy then use the medium as an energy input for the synthesis. The idea of using a solar microreactor for the production of nanoscale solar energy materials will be explored for the first time through this EAGER project to assess its feasibility and to identify the key challenges.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts<br/><br/>PV manufacturing industry and green building construction industry are expected to grow significantly due to the increasing awareness of renewable energy and government incentives. The current low adoption of solar based energy generation can be attributed to inefficiency and high cost. An inherent cost to the current technology is the high consumption of energy in the solar energy materials production processes. The possibility of achieving zero-energy impact manufacturing processes in a cost-effective manner can make solar energy technologies greener and more affordable. The demonstrations of this solar micro-reaction technology will increase effectiveness and efficiency, reduce cost of nanoscale solar energy materials and in turn lead to wider adoption. Graduate and undergraduate students will be involved in this project and mini projects for the existing K-12 outreach programs on the OSU campus will be developed for recruiting and retaining underrepresented groups (young women and ethnic minorities) into science and engineering."
,,,,,,,,1132954,Reliable quantification of emerging contaminant mass flows in wastewater systems - combining predictive modeling & novel field approaches,OISE,Catalyzing New Intl Collab,9/15/11,9/6/11,Jennifer Field,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Bonnie Thompson,8/31/13,"$23,256.00",,jennifer.field@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,O/D,7299,"5950, 5979",$0.00,"This project will catalyze a collaboration between US researchers and collaborators at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). Although wastewater treatment plants are built to minimize the negative environmental impacts of wastewater, they were not designed to remove emerging contaminants. Given the hazardous, dynamic, and logistically -challenging nature of sewers, few studies are conducted and only limited data for emerging contaminants in sewers are available. An understanding of contaminant transport and biodegradation is needed to obtain accurate estimates of contaminant (e.g., illicit drug) mass flows. Such estimates then can be used to obtain the ?hidden information? in wastewater that is needed for understanding the societal problem of illegal drug use. In addition, more accurate estimates of population are needed to advance the interpretation of data on illicit drugs obtained from raw wastewater. The objective of the catalytic activities described herein is to plan and execute preliminary in-situ sewer tracer tests in collaboration with environmental engineers at Eawag. Tracer tests to be conducted in the Zźrich, Switzerland sewer system will consist of the injection of stable isotope-labeled illicit drugs so that their in-situ transformation can be quantified under realistic wastewater conditions. Prior to conducting the in-situ tracer tests, the initial phase of the collaboration will focus on modeling studies that are needed to further refine the hypotheses that will be tested in the preliminary tracer tests. The Zurich sewer system was selected because it is a well-instrumented system for which access is granted. With the combination of modeling and preliminary tracer tests, the biological and physical factors that impact the transformation of contaminant loads that arrive at wastewater treatment plants will be identified for further study. Endogenous and exogenous substances that occur in wastewater also will be identified for use in full-scale tracer tests as alternative indicators of population when quantifying temporal and spatial trends in contaminant loads. <br/><br/>An international, interdisciplinary team including environmental chemists, a sociologist (drug epidemiologist), and an environmental engineer specializing in wastewater sampling will bring together the expertise necessary to address the technical challenges that must be overcome to reliably use data on illicit drugs obtained from wastewater to address the difficult societal problem of drug abuse. Novel data obtained from the in-situ tests will advance the science of modeling and wastewater sampling and our understanding of the accuracy and uncertainty in contaminant mass flows. Identifying sources of uncertainty will fundamentally change the level of decisions that can be made using data obtained from municipal wastewater. The proposed research will advance the concept of using human urinary biomarkers for quantifying changes in population and this has significant implications for making decisions in the area of drug epidemiology (a social science). The benefits of the proposed research activity will provide assessment methods to verify the projected increase in pharmaceutical loading to wastewater treatment plants and the environment. The research program will complement the PI?s current outreach activities that are centered around creating and disseminating outreach modules to teachers and their minority school children in the SMILE (Science and Math Investigative Learning Experiences) program that demonstrate the principles of separating and identifying molecules in complex environmental systems. A Ph.D. student in toxicology, who is a member of the Northern Paiute Tribe, will be trained in modeling and in tracer test design and execution. An undergraduate student will receive training in wastewater sampling and chemical analysis."
,,,,,,,,1265144,I-Corps: Microbial Fuel Cells for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment and Energy Generation,IIP,I-Corps,10/1/12,9/27/12,Hong Liu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Rathindra DasGupta,9/30/13,"$50,000.00",,liuh@engr.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,8023,,$0.00,"Wastewater treatment accounts for about 3% of electrical energy consumed in U.S and other developed countries. Decentralized wastewater treatment is at the forefront of the wastewater industry discussion and is starting to be implemented by small municipalities and cities across the U.S. due to the need to cost effectively relieve pressure on the current wastewater treatment infrastructure. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has emerged as a potential clean technology for renewable energy production and decentralized wastewater treatment. Relatively low power density has been the greatest challenge for practical application of MFC technology in wastewater treatment. Recently, researchers have advanced this technology by developing a reactor design (CEA-MFC) that significantly increases the power density. In this project, the team will fabricate a demonstration CEA-MFC. Successful completion of the project will result in better understanding of key factors surrounding widespread use of this technology. <br/><br/>The performance of CEA-MFCs demonstrates the great potential of MFC technology in converting wastewater treatment from an energy consumer to a net energy producer, as well as reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emission related to waste treatment. Within the U.S. this could have benefits to the U.S. municipal infrastructure, industry and agriculture. This technology could also be beneficial to developing countries as they work to build infrastructure and improve sanitation and availability of power."
,,,,,,,,1249552,"Thermal Structure of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Grays Canyon Discovery Corridor, Washington",OCE,GeoPRISMS,3/15/13,1/31/14,Robert Harris,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Donna Blackman,2/28/15,"$39,188.00",,rharris@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,8076,"0000, 8076, OTHR",$0.00,"Heatflow measurements using a 3.5 m probe will be added to a scheduled experiment ""Thermal structure of the cascadia subduction zone on the WA margin (PIs Johnson & Solomon, OCE-1144164). The probe temperature and thermal conductivity measurements will enhance the ~1 m depth heatflow determinations the main experiment will obtain. Improved assessment of possible bottom water temperature variation will be documented by deviations from linearity in the uppermost thermal gradient measured by the probe. One day of shiptime to conduct heat probe work is confirmed, a second day is requested if ship schedule allows. Postcruise numerical modeling of these data aims to constrain temperature structure extending down to the subducting plate interface, which is related to deep seismicity patterns."
,,,,,,,,1134596,Salmonid behavior and hydraulics of Engineered Log Jams: Experimental observations and field verification,CBET,"ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, SPECIAL STUDIES AND ANALYSES, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH",11/15/11,11/26/13,Desiree Tullos,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Bruce K. Hamilton,10/31/14,"$338,535.00",,desiree.tullos@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,"7643, 1385, 7298","145E, 9102, 5946, 5979",$0.00,"1134596 (Tullos). This research will document the hydraulic interactions between two Engineered Log Jam (ELJ) architectures and a river's flow patterns and intensity, leading to better understanding on how ELJ characteristics influence the locations and magnitude of forces and energy loss. The results will advance existing research on fish ecology by making direct observation of fish behavior using new visually-based approaches, by linking bioenergetics to the hydraulic environment, and by improving understanding of how fish perceive the ecological benefits of ELJs. This work will develop a novel dataset by employing state-of-the-art techniques for observing fish and fluids and will apply innovative analytical techniques for extracting detailed information on fish behavior and hydraulic structure, scale, and intensity. This interdisciplinary collaboration is supported by experience in river engineering and restoration, aquatic ecology, fish behavior, experimental- and field-study design and measurements, and quantitative data analysis, as well as by existing research facilities and resources. The research targets (a) restoration practitioners designing log jams, and (b) students at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate level. Targeting practitioners, a video on fish use of ELJs will be developed and applied concepts (e.g. drag coefficients, force distributions around structures) relevant to the design of ELJs will be investigated. This project will give students at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate level the opportunity to participate in a multi-disciplinary research environment and to receive training in advanced methods for observations of hydraulics and fish in rivers."
,,,,,,,,1127055,Collaborative Research: Spatial Dynamic Modeling of Exurban Land Markets and Land Use Patterns,BCS,GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL SCIENCES,9/15/11,8/14/11,Yong Chen,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas J. Baerwald,8/31/14,"$99,927.00",,yong.chen@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,SBE,1352,"1352, 7298",$0.00,"Despite recent advances in geosimulation, empirical land-use change modeling, and regional spatial dynamic theories, basic knowledge regarding how regional economic growth and decline impact the spatial and temporal dynamics of exurban land-use patterns remains rudimentary. This is due in large part to a continued reliance on assumptions of instantaneous price adjustments to a long-run spatial equilibrium in conventional urban economic models that omit consideration of short-run dynamics and local spatial interactions. To address these theoretical limitations, this research project will develop a dynamic spatial model of exurban land markets that explicitly accounts for key features of exurban areas to explain observed exurban land-price and development pattern dynamics (Objective 1). The model will incorporate local land use feedbacks, such as open space and congestion spillovers, to investigate how incorporation of these endogenous local spillovers influences land-price and land-use dynamics (Objective 2). The model will also be used to explore the potential impacts of income shocks on exurban land demand, supply, and land-use patterns and the time scales over which these changes occur (Objective 3). The project will accomplish these research objectives by developing a new theoretical model of exurban land markets that accounts for the relative demand and supply of spatially differentiated land. The investigators will use an auction model to derive optimal household bids and an optimal timing model to derive landowner reservation rents. Spatial agent-based computational modeling will be used to simulate market interactions and derive spatially varying market land prices and land development patterns over time. Extensive spatial data on parcel-level land development and residential location decisions will be used to empirically specify the key model parameters and MatLab and C++ codes will be used for implementation. The expectation is that the model will generate new hypotheses regarding the role of spatial arbitrage in exurban land markets and will provide a new theoretical and simulation-based framework for studying spatial land-use dynamics. <br/><br/>Rapid exurban growth and the characteristic low density and scattered urbanization patterns that accompany it have greatly extended America's urban footprint and transformed many rural areas. Since the onset of the housing bust in 2006, a new set of challenges has emerged for many exurban areas that appear to have declined more rapidly than their urban and suburban counterparts. Both trends raise essential questions about the sustainability of exurban regions. By developing a dynamic spatial model of exurban land markets, this project will address these fundamental questions of exurban growth, decline, and sustainability. Despite the economic and ecological importance of the exurbs, no one has fully conceptualized or developed a spatial dynamic model of exurban land markets. By doing so, this project will make a fundamental theoretical contribution to land-change science and provide new insights into urban spatial patterns. The empirical applications proposed in this project will generate new knowledge that will have tangible benefits to policy makers confronted with urban sustainability management challenges. By furthering collaboration among scientists from regional science and physics, this project will advance the involvement of spatial scientists in interdisciplinary research and provide new interdisciplinary training opportunities for graduate students in complex systems and spatial economic modeling."
,,,,,,,,1043497,Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING,PLR,ANTARCTIC ORGANISMS & ECOSYST,6/15/11,6/15/11,Markus Horning,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Charles Amsler,5/31/14,"$303,120.00",,Markus.Horning@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5111,"9150, 9169, EGCH",$0.00,"Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk."
,,,,,,,,1346253,Collaborative Research: Terrestrial Linkages to Microbial and Metazoan Communities in Coastal Ecosystems of the Beaufort Sea,PLR,ARCTIC SYSTEM SCIENCE PROGRAM,4/29/13,6/14/13,Byron Crump,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Neil R. Swanberg,8/31/14,"$74,801.00",,bcrump@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5219,,$0.00,"Coastal ecosystems of the Arctic receive extraordinarily large quantities of terrestrial organic matter through river discharge and shoreline erosion. The fate of this organic matter is of local interest as it relates to biological production in the coastal ocean. It is also of broader interest with respect to global biogeochemical cycling. The prevailing paradigm is that terrestrial organic matter inputs to the Arctic Ocean are highly recalcitrant. However, most studies supporting this paradigm have been conducted during mid- to late- summer. This effort is based on the premise that terrestrial organic matter, in both dissolved and particulate form, provides an important carbon and energy subsidy that supports and maintains heterotrophic activity and food webs in coastal waters during much of the year. The work will focus on a set of 12 field sites along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast, in the vicinity of Barter Island and the Inupiaq village of Kaktovik. Comparisons among sites ranging from lagoons to open coastal systems that receive differing amounts of freshwater runoff and also differ markedly in their exchange characteristics with shelf waters will be used to examine linkages between biological communities and organic matter inputs from land. Examining these linkages will help determine how seasonally distinct terrestrial inputs of water and organic matter influence microbial and metazoan communities in coastal waters of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Researchers will address this question thorough a seasonally explicit sampling program that includes field trips during the 9-month ice covered period as well as summer. Measurements of water and sediment chemistry, benthic and water column community characteristics, and natural abundance isotopic tracers will be used to evaluate the importance of terrestrial inputs under different hydrologic/hydrographic conditions. <br/><br/>Understanding the fate of terrestrial carbon in arctic coastal waters is especially important now, as the arctic system enters a period of rapid climatic change. Changes in terrestrial organic matter export could influence total production as well as the relative roles of autotrophy and heterotrophy in arctic coastal waters. Such shifts have consequences for local human populations that use coastal food webs for subsistence and for the broad scientific community interested in land-sea coupling. This work focuses on fundamental questions about the fate of terrestrial organic matter in arctic coastal waters that must be answered before we can effectively consider future changes in land-sea coupling in the Arctic. <br/><br/>This collaborative project will support the dissertation research of two graduate students and two post-doctoral associates and also continue a very successful K-12 outreach program, entitled ?Climate Change in the Arctic: An Interactive Program Linking Scientists with K-12 Students? that includes the establishment of a summer field science program for native Kaktovik K-12 students. The Village Council has expressed keen enthusiasm to involve middle school students in hands-on science activities that can be provided in conjunction with teachers from the Kaktovik school district."
,,,,,,,,1233717,Collaborative Research: Dynamics of eruptive plumes above a submarine arc volcano,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,9/1/12,8/30/12,William Chadwick,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Barbara L. Ransom,8/31/14,"$138,195.00",,bill.chadwick@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, OTHR",$0.00,"This project seeks to analyze data collected on a cruise of exploration to Rota 1, an erupting undersea volcano in the western Pacific ocean. The work was not funded in the previous award and represents new data collected by a newly installed, more capable, multibeam sonar tool that can image bubble trains in with water column. Analysis of the data will include extracting eruption plume information and how it changes with time in terms of height, intensity, and direction. It will also compare the mid-water plume results to ROV visual observations. A major part of the study will be devoted to gauging the usefulness of mid-water multibeam bubble train datasets and finding out what can be learned from them in terms of gauging an undesea volcano's activity. Broader impacts of the work include graduate student training and development of a new UNOLS instrument capability."
,,,,,,,,1225364,Collaborative Research: Geo-Visualization and Data Analysis using the Magnetics Information Consortium,EAR,"CI REUSE, GEOINFORMATICS",9/1/12,7/30/13,Anthony Koppers,OR,Oregon State University,Continuing grant,Leonard E. Johnson,8/31/14,"$361,023.00",,akoppers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"6892, 7255",7433,$0.00,"The goals of the MagIC (Magnetics Information Consortium) project have been to develop an open community digital data archive for rock and paleomagnetic data with web portals that allow users free access to archive, search and download data in a broad range of formats. Part of the project has involved the transition of existing databases developed under the auspices of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) to the new archive. This award provides funds for the continued development and maintenance of the MagIC facility and for continued integration of the PI?s efforts to operate with other online databases. The PIs believe that access to all magnetic data in a single online data-base and the capacity to link up with data from other disciplines, will radically change the way rock and paleomagnetic data contribute to Earth sciences today. In this funding period the PIs will implement enhanced interoperability with GPlates and IODP and also with initiatives like EarthChem and Geochron, to provide seamless access to complementary geochemistry information and radiometric ages on the sample data stored in MagIC. All this will be accomplished through the use of unique IGSN sample numbers."
,,,,,,,,1348278,Collaborative Research: A PCK Summit: Current and Future Research Directions,DRL,REAL,8/1/13,9/17/13,Julie Gess-Newsome,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Celestine Pea,8/31/14,"$11,836.00",,jgessnew@willamette.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,7625,"9177, SMET",$0.00,"This project seeks to advance understandings of teacher professional knowledge in science. It focuses on bringing greater clarity to the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) construct, the model of professional knowledge in which PCK is embedded, and its implications for enhancing teacher practice and student learning. <br/><br/>Thirty participants from eight countries will take on the task of contributing to and/or completing this synthesis through a summit and follow-up activities. A set of recommendations will be made to guide future research aimed at advancing this field of study.<br/><br/>This is a very worthy project in science education research. It is innovative and brings together world-wide experts in science education to develop products that will communicate refined models for teacher professional knowledge. The project draws on past NSF-supported research and builds on a highly diverse body of literature. It yields a wealth of information that could lead to a commonly accepted agreement among science education researchers about PCK and articulates future directions for collaborative research as well as instrument development and/or refinement."
,,,,,,,,1313810,"Collaborative Research: Biological Shape Spaces, Transforming Shape into Knowledge",DBI,"ADVANCES IN BIO INFORMATICS, CROSS-EF ACTIVITIES",9/1/12,6/24/13,Cindy Grimm,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Anne Maglia,8/31/14,"$135,850.00",,grimmc@onid.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,"1165, 7275","1719, 1729, 7969, 9183, 9184, 9251",$0.00,"Collaborative Research: Biological Shape Spaces, Transforming Shape into Knowledge<br/><br/>This project will develop a framework to represent, analyze and interpret shapes extracted from images, supporting a wide range of biological investigations. The primary objectives are: (1) to develop a mathematical framework and computational tools for the quantification and analysis of shapes; (2) to integrate these computational models with machine learning and statistical inference methods to enable new discoveries, transforming imaging data into biological knowledge; (3) to deliver novel quantitative methodologies for shape analysis that start from a biological premise, rather than a purely geometric one. The aim is thus not only to quantitatively describe shape, but to develop methods for linking morphological variation to its underlying biological causes. To ensure that the project focuses on methods that are most promising to biology with significant breadth of application, model and tool development will be guided and supported by a set of diverse case studies, ranging from the sub-cellular to organismal scales. <br/><br/>Shape represents a complex and rich source of biological information that is fundamentally linked to underlying mechanisms and function. However, shape is still often examined on a qualitative basis in many disciplines in biology, an approach that is time consuming and prone to human subjectivity. While ad hoc quantitative methods do exist, they are often inaccessible to non-experts and do not easily generalize to a wide variety of problems. The inability of biologists to systematically link shape to genetics, development, environment, function and evolution often precludes advances in biological research spanning diverse spatial and temporal scales, from the movement of molecules within a cell to adaptive changes in organismal morphology. The primary goal of this project is to develop a new suite of widely applicable quantitative methods and tools into the study of biological shape to address the significant need for consistent and repeatable analysis of shape data."
,,,,,,,,1069292,Automorphic Forms Workshop,DMS,"ALGEBRA,NUMBER THEORY,AND COM",2/1/11,1/3/11,Holly Swisher,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Tara Smith,1/31/12,"$14,700.00",Thomas Schmidt,swisherh@math.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,MPS,1264,7556,$0.00,"The annual Workshop on Automorphic Forms and Related Topics has built a reputation as an internationally recognized and respected conference that is attended by leading experts in this broad area of mathematics. Traditionally, this workshop serves a healthy balance of students, junior faculty, and senior faculty from many types of academic institutions in geographically diverse areas and encourages them to deliver research presentations. This workshop strengthens the automorphic forms research community by providing mentoring and professional development for junior researchers in this active field.<br/><br/>Automorphic forms is a central subject in contemporary number theory with deep connections to many areas across mathematics and the mathematical sciences including representation theory, combinatorics, and mathematical physics. In 2011, the theme of the Automorphic Forms Workshop is the theory of harmonic weak Maass forms. As an example of the subject's importance, in the last works of Ramanujan, in particular his last letter to Hardy and his lost notebook, the subject of mock theta functions was introduced. For many decades, mathematicians were unable to understand mock theta functions as part of a larger context. However in recent work of Zwegers, mock theta functions are identified as occurring as the holomorphic parts of harmonic weak Maass forms, thus generating a fresh torrent of research in Maass forms, mock modular forms, and automorphic forms in general."
,,,,,,,,1338432,Collaborative Research: Adaptable life history strategy of a migratory large predator in response to El Nino and climate change,OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,7/1/13,6/26/13,Kelly Benoit-Bird,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,6/30/14,"$75,993.00",,kbenoit@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,"0000, 7914",$0.00,"This project will examine the response of Dosidicus gigas (Humboldt squid) to an El Ni–o event in 2009-2010 that was accompanied by a collapse of the commercial fishery for this squid in the Guaymas Basin within the Gulf of California. This large squid is a major predator of great ecological and economic importance in the Gulf of California, the California Current, and Peru Current systems. In early 2010, these squid abandoned their normal coastal-shelf habitats in the Guaymas Basin and instead were found in the Salsipuedes Basin to the north, an area buffered from the effects of El Ni–o by the upwelling of colder water. The commercial fishery also relocated to this region and large squid were not found in the Guaymas Basin from 2010-2012, instead animals that matured at an unusually small size and young age were abundant. A return to the large size-at-maturity condition has still not occurred, despite the apparent return of normal oceanographic conditions. <br/><br/>The El Ni–o of 2009-2010 presented an unforeseen opportunity to reveal an important feature of adaptability of Dosidicus gigas to an acute climatic anomaly, namely a large decrease in size and age at maturity. Now these investigators will have the opportunity to document recovery to the normal large size-at-maturity condition. The specific aims of this project are: 1) continue a program of acoustic surveys and direct sampling of squid that has already been established in the Gulf of California in order to assess distribution, biomass, life history strategy diet, and migratory and foraging behaviors relative to pre-El Ni–o conditions and 2) conduct analogous surveys in Monterey Bay, California in conjunction with long-term remote operated vehicle surveys of squid abundance. The data from these studies will provide a comparison of recovery in the two different squid populations and yield valuable insights into what ecological effects an area is expected to experience with an invasion of either small or large Humboldt squid. As long-term climate change progresses, squid of both forms may expand northward into the California Current System.<br/><br/>Training will be provided for participating graduate and undergraduate students and an established collaboration will be continued with a technical college in Mexico that involves Mexican undergraduates in local sampling and developing public outreach aimed at the local squid fishing community. Squid abundance (biomass) and foraging (diet) data will be incorporated into NOAA fishery-management models being developed for Humboldt squid. Findings of the project concerning El Ni–o, climate change, and squid fisheries will be incorporated into an established outreach program with NOAA (Squids4Kids), the Google Science Fair Science Hangouts program, and a NEH Summer Institute on John Steinbeck at Hopkins Marine Station. The investigators will continue to contribute exhibits being developed on squid at both the Monterey Bay Aquarium and Hatfield Marine Science Center."
,,,,,,,,1235896,Transportation Educators Conference: Advancement of the National Transportation Curriculum Project,DUE,TUES-Type 1 Project,5/1/12,4/27/12,David Hurwitz,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Susan Finger,4/30/13,"$29,987.00",,david.hurwitz@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,7513,"9178, SMET",$0.00,"Most ABET-accredited civil engineering undergraduate programs include at least one required transportation course. However, many of these courses are taught as a collection of topics, disconnected from one another and from the rest of the discipline of civil engineering. This poses significant challenges for faculty, students and practitioners in transportation engineering. The aims of the conference are to: 1) engage and train a diverse group of educators in the development and application of active learning for transportation engineering at the undergraduate level, 2) engage and train diverse group of educators in the development and application of conceptual understanding in transportation engineering at the undergraduate level, and 3) promote and facilitate the adoption of the learning activities and conceptual assessments by conference participants as well as other transportation engineering educators around the country.<br/><br/>The conference organizing committee and expert lecturers include faculty in transportation engineering and engineering education with expertise in active learning and in students' conceptual understanding and misconceptions. At this conference, faculty participants participate in collaborative design of active learning modules and conceptual assessment in the undergraduate transportation engineering space. The specific aim of the conference is to increase the prevalence of active learning and conceptual assessment in the introduction to transportation engineering course taught by conference participants. The organizing committee is disseminating the conference outcomes to the broader STEM field through publications and presentations through groups such as the American Society for Engineering Education."
,,,,,,,,1043298,Collaborative Research: INSTANCES: Incorporating Computational Scientific Thinking Advances into Education & Science Courses,DUE,"S-STEM:SCHLR SCI TECH ENG&MATH, TUES-Type 1 Project",4/1/11,3/21/11,Rubin Landau,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Valerie Barr,3/31/14,"$87,492.00",Nam Kang,rubin@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,"1536, 7513","9178, SMET",$0.00,"Computational Science combines computer simulations and knowledge from a science discipline to solve complex problems. While a decade ago computational science was rare and found mainly in research programs, today it is recommended even for K-12 education as an effective pedagogy for teaching science, math and computer science in context. However, science and math teachers are often not prepared well for their work with computers in K-12 classrooms. They may not be able to explain what is occurring within the computer applications used by their students. The investigators are developing a new course for students who plan to be K-12 teachers, called Computational Scientific Thinking and Modeling for Teachers. The course is designed to provide practical computation integrated into the scientific problem-solving paradigm and a contextual understanding of the important of computation. This will lead to better prepared teachers, to better informed students and to broader participation in computing. <br/><br/>The project represents a multi-institution collaboration among a computational physics educator, a science and math educator, an education foundation, a computational biologist and two community college science teachers. Course materials include online content and a collection of video-based modules. Student learning outcomes are being assessed and the results are being disseminated at national meetings for science and math teachers."
,,,,,,,,1212307,Rapid Landscape Change in Garwood Valley: Monitoring Buried Glacier Melt and Exploring Pewe's Lost Lake,PLR,ANTARCTIC EARTH SCIENCES,11/4/11,3/8/12,Joseph Levy,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Alexandra Isern,6/30/13,"$338,444.00",,joe.levy@utexas.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5112,,$0.00,"Intellectual Merit: <br/>An expansive stratigraphic column has recently become exposed in Garwood Valley by river erosion into a buried ice mass. This LGM-aged ice is a remnant of the Ross Ice Sheet that filled Garwood Valley ~10-20 ky ago, damming a paleo-lake that has recently been uncovered. The buried ice mass is preserved beneath a cap of paleo-lake deposits, glacial drift, and permafrost landforms. The superimposed deposits provide a meters-thick record of landscape changes that can be well dated due to the presence of several fossil algal mat and carbonate horizons. The PIs propose to quantify paleo- and modern rates of climate-driven landscape change in Garwood Valley. The PIs also propose to quantify the current rate of buried ice removal from Garwood Valley to generate a geomorphological baseline for documenting landscape change associated with future ice removal. Measurements and modeling of the current ablation of buried ice will quantify present landscape changes in the MDV that are being caused by disequilibrium between climate and the landscape. This proposal will address ambiguity over the timing and extent of valley filling in the southern MDV by LGM ice sheets, and the rates and processes of ice sheet drainage from the valleys.<br/><br/>Broader impacts: <br/>This project will provide Antarctic field research opportunities for undergraduate students and graduate students. The dramatic melting occurring in Garwood Valley will serve as a vivid example of climate-driven landscape change in Antarctica will be shared with K-12 students and the public at large through live, in-the-field teleconferences mediated by a public school teacher and expert in science outreach. The data that the project will generate will be synthesized into a 3D tour of the field site with expert commentary, suitable for museum display."
,,,,,,,,1232130,Support for 21st International workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth,EAR,"INSTRUMENTATION & FACILITIES, CONTINENTAL DYNAMICS PROGRAM",8/15/12,7/30/12,Gary Egbert,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Leonard E. Johnson,7/31/13,"$20,000.00",,egbert@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"1580, 1581",,$0.00,"This award provides partial support for the 21st International Workshop on Electromagnetic (EM) Induction in the Earth. This workshop is sponsored every two years by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and is the primary forum for earth scientists in the world to share their EM research and plan international cooperative experiments. The workshop will be held in Darwin, Australia in July, 2012 and will be hosted by the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysics.<br/><br/>EM measurements provide a unique view of the Earth because of the sensitivity of electrical conductivity to temperature, fluids, ore minerals, and lithologic variations. This sensitivity is important in monitoring environmental problems, exploring for energy and mineral occurrences, studying the interior structure of the Earth and other planets, and investigating regions of potential natural and man-made hazards (e.g., seismic, volcanic, unexploded ordinance).<br/><br/>Support is being provided by the PI?s Australian colleagues from Australian organizations and international companies to help defray costs of the convention center rental, publication and publicity expenses, materials for participants, local transportation, and audiovisual equipment. The largest portion of the NSF funds will support travel for students and young scientists. There will also be support for a few senior scientists from developing countries."
,,,,,,,,1130085,NeTS: Small: Student Travel Grants for Attending MobiCom 2011,CNS,RES IN NETWORKING TECH & SYS,7/1/11,6/3/11,Bechir Hamdaoui,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Min Song,6/30/12,"$20,000.00",,hamdaoui@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7363,7556,$0.00,"The purpose of this grant is to support US based graduate students for traveling to and attending the ACM MobiCom 2011 conference to be held in Las Vegas, Nevada on September 19-23, 2011. MobiCom is a premier conference that serves as a meeting point of researchers from academia and industry, as well as practitioners in different fields of wireless networking and mobile computing. In conjunction with the main conference, MobiCom 2011 will also host several workshops and tutorials on topics of emerging interest. The NSF travel grant will allow a diverse set of students from US institutions to participate in this forum and gain valuable experience by interacting with senior researchers as well as peers in this field. Such interactions and exposure can positively influence the quality of the students' individual research and professional growth, in turn shaping the future of wireless networking and mobile computing technology."
,,,,,,,,1125396,RAPID: Training Chief Scientists for the Ocean Research of Tomorrow,OCE,SHIP OPERATIONS,3/15/11,3/15/11,Clare Reimers,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Rose Dufour,2/29/12,"$99,971.00",,creimers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5411,7914,$0.00,"In response to a recent decline in requests for UNOLS facilities, two separate Chief Scientist<br/>Training Cruises are proposed on an Intermediate General Purpose Research Vessel to serve<br/>as forums for teaching early career marine scientists how to effectively plan for, acquire,<br/>utilize and report on time at sea for multi-disciplinary research and educational activities.<br/>The intellectual merit of this program will develop from opportunities given to new investigators<br/>to test compelling research ideas, work collaboratively, use equipment, and acquire samples<br/>critical for developing future oceanographic field programs.<br/>The broader impacts are that as many as 28 new investigators will be trained in the mechanics<br/>of leading expeditionary ocean research while coming to understand how oceanographic research<br/>infrastructure is scheduled, maintained and upgraded. They will also be exposed to standard<br/>sets of observations appropriate to a variety of oceanographic disciplines (e.g., physical,<br/>chemical, biological and geological oceanography) inspiring new ideas for research and the<br/>transfer of science information to the public."
,,,,,,,,1101107,SHF: EAGER: A first empirical test of low ceremony evidence for assessing quality attributes,CCF,SOFTWARE & HARDWARE FOUNDATION,10/1/11,7/27/11,Christopher Scaffidi,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Sol J. Greenspan,9/30/13,"$62,101.00",,cscaffid@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7798,"7916, 7944",$0.00,"Every aspect of modern society, ranging from health care to national defense, depends on the availability of affordable, reliable software. The availability of this software, in turns, depends on helping software engineers to find high-quality components that they can assemble into finished software. Web sites currently provide access to millions of components that perform vital operations related to networking, graphics, data processing, and thousands of other functions. However, software engineers lack a validated, reliable method for selecting high-quality components that they can reuse in new software applications. Lacking such a method, software engineers sometimes use components that turn out, in retrospect, to be extremely difficult to reuse. This difficulty, in turn, increases the time required to create software, the cost of that software, and the potential for subtle bugs.<br/><br/>This research project is expected to provide a validated, reliable model for quickly assessing the reusability of components. This method will make use of ""low-ceremony evidence"" (LCE): information that characterizes different aspects of component quality yet is incremental, often informal, potentially context-dependent, and frequently contradictory. Examples of LCE include reviews, bug reports, and download counts of components. While each piece of LCE provides only an incomplete perspective into a component's quality, preliminary work suggests that the synthesis of LCE can be highly informative about component quality. This new research project (1) will use factor analysis to determine which pieces of LCE are mutually consistent, yielding scales for assessing one or more aspects of quality such as reusability, and (2) will statistically test how well these scales are correlated with the actual empirical difficulty that software engineers report with reusing those components. The resulting validated scales are expected to be useful for automatically assessing the quality of components in online websites. This would make it possible in future work to develop enhanced search engines enabling software engineers to quickly find high-quality components that they can use to create the software that society needs."
,,,,,,,,1062238,Collaborative Research: Seismicity of the Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge and its Large Offset Transforms,EAR,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,7/1/11,4/13/11,Robert Dziak,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Gregory J. Anderson,6/30/15,"$391,185.00",Haruyoshi Matsumoto,robert.dziak@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,1620,$0.00,"The sizes and locations of earthquakes recorded by eight hydrophones moored in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean provide an unparalleled view of the seismicity of the poorly understood slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge in this region. The data also allow testing of the idea that earthquakes can be predicted at ocean transform faults, and they provide insight into how triple junctions (where three tectonic plates meet) work. The Equatorial Atlantic seafloor has not been studied extensively but is interesting for many reasons. First, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis is offset on some of the longest transform faults in the oceans. As an example, the Romanche transform is greater than 900 km long. In places, the transform offsets are so large that the total length of the transform faults is longer than the total length of the ridge axis. These fracture zones are extremely rugged, are important conduits for bottom water moving between the North and South Atlantic Ocean, and probably act as physical barriers blocking the transport of hydrothermal vent fauna along the ridge axis. The Equatorial Atlantic transforms are ideal for testing the short-term predictability of earthquakes at ocean transform faults and the results may help in understanding earthquakes on continental faults. A second interesting aspect of the region is that it contains the triple junction where the North America, South America, and Africa tectonic plates meet. The exact location of the triple junction is still a matter of debate, and this study will help to define its location. Third, the location of the plate boundary between the North America and South America plates is not known even though there is motion between the plates. The earthquakes recorded by the hydrophones provide important new information about the motion of these two plates, and how and where that motion is taking place. The hydrophone array also records a variety of natural and man-made noises and will facilitate a wide-range of studies beyond the scope of the proposed work. Examples include the use of ambient sound measurements to study various climate research topics, including estimating wave heights, rainfall intensity and wind speed during hurricanes. In addition, recorded whale vocalizations allow the distribution and migration of these animals to be tracked throughout the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean."
,,,,,,,,1059920,Water column POM dynamics in Cascadia Margin: effects/controls on seasonal hypoxia and acidification,OCE,CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,3/15/11,3/15/11,Miguel Goni,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Donald L. Rice,2/28/14,"$266,162.00",,mgoni@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1670,"1389, EGCH, 1382",$0.00,"In Cascadia Margin, strong, wind-driven upwelling during the summer months asserts control on particulate organic matter (POM), oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) dynamics in the region. It is the wind-driven upwelling of O2-poor, CO2- and nutrient-rich waters that make Cascadia Margin vulnerable to ocean acidification and hypoxia. A scientist from Oregon State University seeks to partner with an on-going NOAA-funded project to gather high resolution data on POM concentration and composition. Results from this study will be used to (1) determine the spatial/temporal distribution of POM in the water column of Cascadia Margin during the 2011 upwelling season at comparable resolution to the planned measurements of dissolved gases and nutrients by the NOAA group; (2) characterize the biogeochemical compositions POM from different regions and depths of the water column along Cascadia Margin to elucidate changes in its source and reactivity; and (3) relate POM concentrations/compositions to in-situ optical properties to develop algorithms. In addition, because the POM data will complement the spatial and temporal coverage of oxygen and inorganic carbon dynamics to be obtained by NOAA, both datasets can be readily integrated to critically evaluate the role of POM cycling on seasonal hypoxia and acidification.<br/><br/>In terms of broader impacts, outreach efforts in concert with the Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence Pacific Partnership would be carried out. In addition, it is anticipated that the scientist would continue his participation in workshops for community college faculty to help improve their curricula, as well as provide high school and community college teachers the opportunity to participate in research cruises. One undergraduate student recruited via the Oregon State Native Americans in Science, Engineering and Natural Resources program would be supported and trained as part of this project."
,,,,,,,,1061233,Collaborative Research: The role of calcifying algae as a determinant of rocky intertidal macrophyte community structure at a meta-ecosystem scale,OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,4/1/11,3/22/11,Bruce Menge,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,3/31/15,"$749,999.00","Sally Hacker, Francis Chan",mengeb@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,"1382, 4444, EGCH",$0.00,"Environmental stress models have recently been modified to incorporate the influence of facilitation to join negative effects such as predation, competition, and abiotic stress as determinants of community structure. Nevertheless, our empirical understanding of the processes that regulate the expression of facilitation effects across systems and the potential for facilitation to amplify or dampen the ecological consequences of climate change remains limited. This project focuses on facilitation dynamics in the broader meta-ecosystem concept, which hypothesizes that variation among communities depends not only on locally-varying species interactions and impacts of abiotic factors such as environmental stress and physical disturbance but also on regionally- and globally-varying ecosystem processes such as dispersal and flows of materials such as nutrients and carbon. The investigators will study the influence of a potentially critical facilitative interaction between coralline algal turfs and canopy-forming macrophytes including kelps and surfgrass in a rocky intertidal meta-ecosystem. The research will be conducted in a climate change context, with a focus on how the macrophyte-coralline interaction is influenced by ocean conditions, including factors driven by variable upwelling (temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton abundance, and light) and increases in ocean acidification, which vary in a mosaic pattern along the coast of the northern California Current (NCC) in Oregon and northern California.<br/><br/>The goal of the project is to test the hypothesis that the coralline turf-macrophyte canopy interaction is a cardinal interaction in the determination of low rocky intertidal community structure, and that disruption of this interaction would dramatically alter the structure and function of this kelp- and surfgrass-dominated assemblage. The project will take advantage of, and enhance, a research platform established across 17 sites spanning ~800 km in the NCC coastal meta-ecosystem with prior NSF funding that will at each site: (1) quantify ocean conditions, including temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton, light (PAR), and carbonate chemistry to document the response of community structure oceanographic variation across a meta ecosystem mosaic; (2) carry out field experiments testing the nature of the interaction between coralline algal turfs (primarily Corallina vancouveriensis) and dominant canopy species, the kelp Saccharina sessile and the surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri; and (3) carry out laboratory experiments focusing on the mechanism of the interaction, specifically testing the effects of carbonate chemistry, light, temperature, and nutrients. Component (1) will employ both remote sensors deployed in the intertidal (fluorometers, thermal sensors, PAR sensors, and a recently developed pH sensor) and direct sampling (nutrients, phytoplankton, pCO2, and pH) to quantify the in situ exposure regime of benthic primary producers to resources, energy, and environmental stress across spatial scales. These metrics will be combined with a newly developed index for quantifying local-scale variation in upwelling intensity to characterize the linkages between climate forcing and ecosystem state. Coupling oceanography with our field and laboratory experiments will provide unique and valuable insights into how the current state of rocky intertidal ecosystems is likely to be altered in the future.<br/><br/>Intellectual Merit. The project will contribute one of the first studies to test the community consequences of varying upwelling and CO2 across an ecosystem scale. How these factors alter the direct and indirect interactions of key species is of fundamental importance in our efforts to learn how field ecosystems will respond to climate change. Such knowledge is crucial to our efforts to manage and conserve marine communities facing human-induced variation in climate.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts. The project will integrate research and education in a variety of ways. Three of the PIs (Hacker, Menge, Nielsen) have undergraduate and graduate teaching responsibilities, which involve instruction and training in marine ecology. Each makes a major effort to foster the participation of underrepresented groups in lab and field activities. Nielsen's position at SSU, a four-year undergraduate institution with few funded research programs, offers a rare chance for SSU undergraduates to participate in a first-rate research experience. All PIs are engaged in regional planning for marine protected areas. Finally, the work will provide insight into the consequences of predicted changes in coastal oceanic regions due to human activity and resulting climate change, thereby giving the research societal significance. The PIs will work with a policy and outreach program to communicate the research beyond academic circles to the wider public and stakeholders."
,,,,,,,,1243760,Microbial cycling of volatile organic carbon in the marine surface layer,OCE,"CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY",7/15/12,5/10/13,Stephen Giovannoni,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Donald L. Rice,6/30/14,"$234,218.00",Kimberly Halsey,steve.giovannoni@orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"1670, 1650","4444, 7916, 9169, 9189, EGCH",$0.00,"The prevalence in bacterioplankton genomes of specialized genes for the metabolism of volatile organic compounds is a ""smoking gun"" that points to a hidden VOC cycle potentially of significant magnitude. With funding provided through this EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER), researchers at Oregon State University and the University of Colorado at Boulder will gather new evidence about the VOC cycle in the ocean photic zone by: 1) measuring the turnover rates of VOC compounds by plankton communities on a Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) cruise, and 2) identifying the organisms and biochemical machinery that mediate VOC oxidation. This research is potentially transformative because quantitative evidence indicating significant VOC cycling would cause an overhaul of carbon cycle models and focus attention on specialized metabolic processes that have received little attention and are poorly characterized. This research is high risk for similar reasons: while mounting evidence points to a significant ""hidden carbon cycle"", its importance will not be known until its magnitude is measured, and the achievement of this goal requires an investment in specialized knowledge and technology.<br/><br/>The project is a collaboration between atmospheric chemists and marine microbiologists who bring together the knowledge and technology needed to solve this problem on a SOLAS cruise and in a laboratory setting. Measurements of the seawater concentrations of VOC compounds (e.g. methanol, formaldehyde, dimethylsulfide, trimethyamine, trimethylamine oxide, acetonitrile, acetone, isoprene, glyoxal, methylglyoxal and acetaldehyde) and turnover rates determined by the incubation of isotopically-labeled compounds with microbial plankton suspensions will provide information about variation in these geochemical processes across a transect that extends from a productive continental shelf to an oligotrophic subtropical gyre. Later the same team will measure the production and oxidation of these compounds by microbial isolates in a controlled setting, focusing on biochemical pathways that oxidize one carbon (C1) units from Oxidized VOC (OVOC) and methylated dissolved organic carbon (MDOC). Comprehensive measurements of microbial diversity in the field and transcriptome responses in the laboratory will set the stage for future research linking VOC cycling to specific organisms, metabolic pathways and genes, and for understanding when, and in response to what selective pressures, the microbial community engages in these processes.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: VOCs play varied and important roles in atmospheric chemistry, acting as precursors for photochemical formation of ozone and aerosol, i.e. two secondary pollutants that also affect the radiative forcing of climate. Information about biological sources and sinks of VOCs in the ocean surface could result in a better understanding of the underlying causes of variation in air/sea VOC fluxes, and potentially could alter predictions about the impact of climate change on ocean surface ecology and air/sea interactions. Additionally, the project will address biochemical mechanisms that underlie VOC cycling and should provide experimental evidence about relevant gene functions. Therefore, revised gene annotations resulting from this work could improve the accuracy of future predictions of VOC metabolism made from genomes and metagenomes. This proposal includes support for postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students and is integrated with the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology's NSF funded Center for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (COSEE) program, bringing training and experience from this project to community college professors."
,,,,,,,,1061690,Collaborative Research: Three-Dimensional Surfzone Eddies,OCE,PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,6/1/11,5/25/11,H. Tuba Ozkan-Haller,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Eric C. Itsweire,5/31/15,"$395,826.00",,ozkan@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1610,,$0.00,"Surfzone eddies mix pollutants, erode coast- lines, endanger swimmers, and transport marine organisms. Eddies may be directly forced by groups of breaking surface gravity waves, or may develop as shear instabilities of mean alongshore currents ('shear production'). The relative importance of direct forcing and shear production has not yet been determined, but recent numerical simulations suggest that wave group forcing may be an important, yet mostly neglected, factor. Surfzone eddies have often been viewed as two-dimensional and depth-independent, but recent observations indicate that eddies can in fact be strongly three-dimensional. Indeed, observed three-dimensionality can be so strong that total shear production cannot be calculated unless depth-dependence is resolved. This study will examine the dynamics of three-dimensional surfzone eddies using depth-resolving field observations and numerical modeling.<br/><br/>A 15-element array of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) will be deployed to gather the first synoptic, vertically-resolved observations of surfzone mean currents and eddies. ADCP observations will be used in conjunction with a numerical model that will take advantage of recently developed 3D wave forcing formulations, while also simulating eddy generation by wave groups. Shear production and direct forcing terms in the eddy energy equation will be evaluated in a range of numerical simulations, and in observations, to determine their relative importance under a variety of incident-wave conditions. The project will provide the first horizontally-resolved in-situ observations of near-surface eddy motions. In addition to quantifying magnitudes, phasing, and de-correlation across-shore, the team will test whether alongshore propagation speeds and de-correlation distances vary in the vertical (both vary across-shore). These observations will be compared with simulations. Numerical simulations and observations, especially vertical phasing and coherence with wave groups, will be examined to distinguish vertical shear generated by breaking from shear generated by bottom friction or horizontal advection. Simulations will be used to study the effects of three- dimensionality on mixing, including possible rapid lateral mixing of passive tracers and momentum.<br/><br/>This experiment will build on substantial existing resources, including Washington State University experience working with ADCPs, and Oregon State University expertise in three-dimensional circulation modeling. Deployment and recovery will carried out by one of the world's best-equipped field crews at the US Army Corps of Engineers' Field Research Facility. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts: This project will improve our understanding of the nearshore eddies that mix pollutants and organisms, transport sediments, and endanger swimmers. A community model for predicting nearshore currents and eddies will be tested and refined and made available to the community, constituting an important step towards the goal of a predictive model for surfzone pollution. Such a model would be valuable to managers, who must currently rely on bacterial cultures that are slow to return actionable results. Field data, constituting the first depth-resolving synoptic measurements of surfzone mean currents, and the first profiling array to extend 1 km from the shore to the inner shelf, will be made available to the oceanographic community. Three graduate students will be funded. To disseminate knowledge beyond universities, students will likely partner with high school teachers (through Washington State University's GK-12 program) and PIs will partner with a community college teacher (facilitated by the COSEE program)."
,,,,,,,,1210520,DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Effects of community structure on host-pathogen dynamics of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis,DEB,POP & COMMUNITY ECOL PROG,6/1/12,5/9/12,Andrew Blaustein,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Alan James Tessier,5/31/14,"$11,719.00",Julia Buck,blaustea@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,1182,"1182, 9179, SMET, 9169,",$0.00,"The recent emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife has brought increased attention to their role in current population declines and species extinctions. One such disease is the chytrid fungus, which infects amphibians globally, is often lethal to the host, and is associated with species extinctions. Recent research has found that zooplankton can consume the infective stage of this pathogen, but it is unknown whether this is ecologically important for protecting amphibian populations from infection. This project will combine laboratory experiments with surveys of lakes in the Sierra Nevada Mountains to answer the question of how zooplankton affects the dynamics of chytrid infection in frog species. Experiments will investigate whether consumption of the chytrid fungus by zooplankton reduces infection levels for two different life stages of frog species under controlled environmental conditions. These results will be compared to data from a field survey of the chydrid fungus in the natural lakes. This field study will quantify interrelationships among infection intensity of endangered mountain-yellow legged frog hosts, zooplankton, and the presence of predatory fish. <br/><br/>Understanding the causes for losses in biodiversity is a pressing challenge in conservation biology. This research will contribute to urgently needed control measures for the emerging infectious chytrid pathogen responsible for worldwide population declines and extinctions of amphibians. Several undergraduate students will be given research training in experimental and field ecology. This project will also develop teaching modules on emerging disease and conservation issues that will be presented to groups of middle and high school students from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds visiting Oregon State University through pre-college programs."
,,,,,,,,1244633,Exocyst-Mediated Pathways to the Plant Cell Surface,MCB,Cellular Dynamics and Function,7/15/13,7/15/13,John Fowler,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Gregory W. Warr,6/30/15,"$139,999.00",Valerian Dolja,fowlerj@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,1114,"1114, 7465, 9177",$0.00,"INTELLECTUAL MERIT<br/>This project seeks to understand the mechanisms by which plant cells control the delivery of proteins and other functional molecules to their outer surface, the region defined by the plasma membrane and surrounding cell wall. This process is known as vesicle trafficking, as proteins are produced within the cell, packaged into small, membrane-bound carriers (vesicles), and then moved to the plasma membrane for final delivery. This process is important because: 1) it is the primary mechanism used to build and to control the plant cell interface with its outside environment, which can affect how the plant interacts with harmful or beneficial microbes; 2) it is crucial for cell growth; 3) it is a regulator of cell-cell communication between cells; and 4) it is crucial for the acquisition of nutrients from the surrounding environment via specialized plasma membrane-localized protein transporters. The molecular mechanisms regarding how vesicle trafficking are controlled are not well understood. One player that appears likely to control this process in plant cells is the eight-protein exocyst complex, which provides spatial regulation at the plasma membrane for vesicle trafficking. This project uses the Arabidopsis root hair as a model and investigates the exocyst-mediated vesicle trafficking pathway (EMVT). EMVT is required for proper growth of the root hair, a key structure for nutrient acquisition. The project seeks to understand how root hair growth relies on EMVT through: 1) Characterization of exocyst interactions with other known components of the vesicle trafficking system; and 2) Molecular identification of a new gene (NERD1) which interacts functionally with the exocyst in the Arabidopsis root hair. The project should build a deeper understanding of how the function of plasma membrane-targeted molecules is enabled and controlled, and how precise patterns of cellular growth are affected.<br/><br/>BROADER IMPACTS<br/>The knowledge generated in this project may have broad implications for plant physiology and development. Due to its hypothesized connection to the plasma membrane, EMVT may help mediate interactions between root and soil. Thus, this work could inform applied work that seeks to manage plant responses to abiotic stress induced by the surrounding environment (e.g. drought, salinity, and nutrient-poor soils), to pathogens, and to interactions with the rhizosphere microbial community. In addition, the project will train a postdoctoral researcher in integrating genetic, cell biological and next-generation sequencing approaches, and will mentor undergraduate students in plant genetic research. Finally, this project will support outreach efforts to high school students through the Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering program at Oregon State University."
,,,,,,,,1103434,Glacial-Interglacial Change in California Current System Dynamics: A New Alkenone Perspective,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,6/1/11,5/23/11,Fredrick Prahl,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Candace O. Major,5/31/15,"$324,959.00",,fprahl@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, 1620, OTHR",$0.00,"The California Current System (CCS) is a setting where several recent studies, focusing on the mechanisms and effects of glacial/interglacial climate change in North America and the North Pacific Ocean, employ the unsaturation patterns of alkenone biomarkers as a proxy for mean annual sea surface temperature (SST). However, the CCS is also a setting where dramatic changes in upwelling are known to occur in response to the very climate variation that these SST proxy records are employed to reconstruct. Knowing that the seasonal and depth distribution of phytoplankton, including alkenone producers, can depend heavily on the nutrient regime, what ramifications might this fact hold for interpretation of down core alkenone based SST records along the California margin? The investigators at Oregon State University hypothesize that changes in upwelling behavior and nutrient input along the northeast Pacific margin during glacial periods have shaped the SST proxy record and, thus, the research community's current understanding of how North Pacific climate responds to external forcing. <br/><br/>The investigators will measure alkenone unsaturation patterns and hydrogen isotopic composition in sediments from the modern northeast Pacific margin to track the effects of nutrient stress on the alkenone signal exported to the sea floor. Measurements will then be made on sediments from the same region at the last glacial maximum, as well as with roughly 4,000-year resolution at three representative sites through the last full glacial cycle. Through comparison of latitudinal trends in the results, the investigators will test their hypothesis that significant shifts occurred in the pattern of alkenone production through the glacial history of the CCS. If demonstrated, paleotemperature records from this region can be re-evaluated with the benefit of this improved ecological context. Current conceptions of the relationship between North Pacific climate and CCS strength, drawn from these fossil signatures, may be refined. <br/><br/>This project is best summarized as an effort to resolve important open questions surrounding the mechanisms and timing of North American/North Pacific climate change while simultaneously evaluating the utility of a powerful new tracer of paleo ecology. Fundamental understanding of these relationships is of direct importance as the scientific community attempts to determine the significance of recent anomalous CCS upwelling seasons and their ties to the currently changing atmospheric conditions in the North Pacific. Funding will support an advanced graduate student who has been centrally involved in developing the ideas upon which this research project is based."
,,,,,,,,1213612,Rapid Response Research (RAPID) Proposal to NSF Hydrologic Sciences: Impacts of Forest Fire on Snow Accumulation and Melt,EAR,HYDROLOGIC SCIENCES,2/1/12,1/23/12,Anne Nolin,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas Torgersen,1/31/13,"$18,436.00",,nolina@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1579,7914,$0.00,"Recent work documenting snow-vegetation interactions in burned and unburned forests show that burned forests experience increased snow accumulation but earlier and more rapid melt. Burned areas also experience higher wind speeds and as a result, increased sublimation losses and sensible heat inputs. At the local-to-watershed scale, wildfire-derived black carbon sloughing from burned trees onto the snowpack has been suggested as an additional important forcing of earlier melt and anecdotal evidence suggests that snowpacks in the wildfire areas appear to be experiencing this forcing. The effects of fire are likely to represent a new paradigm for snow-vegetation dynamics and their hydrologic impacts. <br/><br/>This hydrologic research will focus on a recently burned headwaters catchment, Shadow Lake in the Oregon Cascades, which typically receives over 2 m of snow water equivalent each winter. This research will provide substantial direct results on the impacts of wildfire on snowpack accumulation and ablation and the magnitudes of the mechanisms involved. Paired sites will allow us to quantify site differences, 3-dimensional measurements will provide key vegetation structure information, transects provide information across burned-unburned gradients and between recent and older burn sites, and data from monitoring networks will provide key spatial and temporal contextual information. The results of this work will provide important insights into the hydrologic impacts of fire on snowpack dynamics with potential to redefine the paradigm of snow-vegetation interactions in fire-affected watersheds."
,,,,,,,,1049682,Detecting Local Earthquakes in a Noisy Continental Margin Environment,OCE,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS,2/15/11,2/8/11,Anne Trehu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Bilal U. Haq,1/31/13,"$103,966.00",,trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1620,"0000, 1620, OTHR",$0.00,"Assessing earthquake risk due to seismicity along the Cascadia margin from northern California to southern British Columbia is a matter of great public interest. Studies of regional seismicity recorded by arrays of seismographs are a primary tool for this purpose, but to date such studies have been largely limited to onshore arrays. In the upcoming Cascadia project, onshore instrumentation will be complemented by deployments of 60 or more Ocean Bottom Seismographs (OBS) off the Cascadia coast for several years. A modest deployment of OBSs off the Oregon coast in 2007-2009 has demonstrated the great difficulty of separating relevant seismic events in OBS data from impulsive signals of probable biological origin. This project seeks to develop computer automated methods for separating seismic signals from extraneous signals in the OBS data, particularly for instruments located in shallow water near the coast. The project has a number of broader impacts, but by far the most significant is the very high societal relevance of developing these techniques for studies of seismicity and seismic hazards in general, and for the Cascadia project in particular."
,,,,,,,,1130125,History and future of coastal upwelling modes and biological responses in the California Current,OCE,BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY,9/1/11,9/1/11,Bryan Black,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,David L. Garrison,5/31/13,"$337,992.00","William Sydeman, Steven Bograd",bryan.black@utexas.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,1650,0,$0.00,"Climate variability on multiple temporal scales is increasingly recognized as a major factor influencing the structure, functioning, and productivity of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). Yet, despite many long-term and integrative studies, a detailed understanding of climatic impacts on upwelling and biological processes is still lacking, compromising our abilities to assess important concepts such as ecosystem ""health"" and ""resilience."" To address these issues in the central-northern CCE, the PIs have recently collated and analyzed records of rockfish and salmon growth and seabird reproductive success with respect to upwelling variability (NSF award #0929017). These diverse, multi-decadal time series revealed the importance of wintertime upwelling on ecosystem structure and function, even though upwelling, a principal driver of productivity in the CCE, is largely a summertime process. This research led to an unexpected discovery that winter and summer upwelling vary independently of one another in distinct seasonal ""modes"", with some biological processes affected by the winter mode and others by the summer mode. This is of significance because the summer mode shows a long-term increase (despite inter-decadal variability) while the winter mode does not. <br/><br/>Intellectual Merit: In this new project, the PIs will test the overarching hypothesis that upwelling modes are forced by contrasting atmospheric-oceanographic processes, exhibit contrasting patterns of low- and high-frequency variability, and will be differentially impacted by global climate change with corresponding impacts on biology. To address this hypothesis the PIs propose a three-tiered approach to better understand seasonal upwelling modes and their differential impacts on biology of the CCE. First, they will examine the responses of an entirely new suite of species to upwelling modes, including Pacific sardine (recruitment), black rockfish (growth), rhinoceros auklet and Brandt's cormorant (survival), and coho salmon (survival). Previously, coarsely resolved upwelling indices were used in these analyses, but the PIs now will integrate winds and temperatures from local buoy data to better capture climate variability on finer timescales. Second, they will derive a more mechanistic understanding of seasonal upwelling modes and use this information in combination with global climate models to forecast upwelling responses under various climate-change scenarios. Third, preliminary results indicate that tree-ring data co-vary with the fish and seabirds and are similarly sensitive to a driver of winter upwelling, the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI). The PIs will use tree-ring data to provide a 300-400 year reconstruction of the winter NOI to assess the historical range of variability in upwelling mean and variance. This study will reveal the past, present forcing, and potential future of upwelling and its biological consequences in the California Current.<br/><br/>Broader Impacts: This study will explore the history, future, and biological impacts of independent, seasonal climate modes and their impacts on key species. In so doing, the PIs will develop an understanding of coupled climate-ecosystem change that will be contributed to state, national, and international policy-makers, including the California Cooperative Climate Adaptation Team (CO-CAT)and the IPCC Assessment Report 5. The PIs will develop and test biological and physical indicators of California Current ecosystem productivity and will make this information available for management, specifically fisheries stock and integrated ecosystem assessments. The project will provide cross-training for 2 post-doctoral research associates, 2 other young scientists, and 1 undergraduate in physical oceanography, marine ecology, quantitative skills, communication, as well as the business of science, such as project and fiscal management and fund-raising."
,,,,,,,,1162616,Multihazard Performance and Design of Ecoroofs,CMMI,HAZARD MIT & STRUCTURAL ENG,7/1/12,4/8/12,Christopher Higgins,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Kishor Mehta,6/30/15,"$335,000.00","Armin Stuedlein, Mary Ann Triska, H. Benjamin Mason",chris.higgins@orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1637,"036E, 039E, 040E, 043E, 1576",$0.00,"The proliferation of ""green roofs"" or more generally, ecoroofs in the United States has increased dramatically in the last ten years and has radically expanded the historical function of a roof. Ecoroofs offer new opportunities to provide environmental, economical, and social benefits. However, ecoroofs carry higher gravity loads and must support long-duration transient fluid loading compared to traditional systems. This shift in roof design demands has outpaced building codes and regulations, and more importantly exceeded our fundamental understanding of roof structural behaviors under these nontraditional loads. Regrettably, conventionally engineered roofs account for a disproportionately large number of structural failures with over $1 billion in damages since 1990 for a single insurer. Proper design of ecoroofs to ensure structural safety and serviceability of these relatively ""sensitive"" structural components requires research to address these three critical questions: <br/>1.Under earthquake induced roof shaking, does the ecoroof planting material mobilize? To what degree is the ecoroof planting material coupled to the structure? Can roof dead load imbalances be expected after an earthquake?<br/>2.During rain events, what are the load effects produced on ecoroofs and over what time-scales? How loads are distributed in ecoroofs and will traditional design approaches ensure ponding stability and prevent overloading? <br/>3.What are the engineering properties of typical ecoroof planting materials? Which properties are most critical to achieving ecoroof performance during seismic and rain events?<br/><br/>This project is the first to examine the structural, geotechnical, and planting interactions on ecoroof seismic performance. The research focuses on system response to demonstrate the important interactions of the design elements. An ecoroof structural simulator will be developed to test full-scale laboratory ecoroof prototypes and will be integrated with field survey and component laboratory data to produce new knowledge on fluid-structure interaction at the roof including: planting material mobility during lateral shaking, water retention and drainage characteristics, and long-term service performance. These will provide background material for development of a structural guide for ecoroof designs in seismic zones."
,,,,,,,,1332385,ESE: Spatial Interactive Optimization for Restoration of Upland Storage in Watersheds: Community Participation in the Design of Distributed Practices and Alternatives,EAR,"DECISION RISK & MANAGEMENT SCI, HYDROLOGIC SCIENCES, ENV., SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY",8/31/12,3/28/13,Meghna Babbar-Sebens,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas Torgersen,9/30/14,"$279,213.00",,meghna@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,"1321, 1579, 7962",,$0.00,"PROPOSAL TITLE: ESE: Spatial Interactive Optimization for Restoration of Upland Storage in Watersheds: Community Participation in the Design of Distributed Practices and Alternatives<br/><br/>PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Meghna Babbar-Sebens, Assistant Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis.<br/><br/>CO-PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Snehasis Mukhopadhyay, Associate Professor, Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis.<br/><br/>COLLABORATOR: Dr. Edna Loehman, Emeritus Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University.<br/><br/>Abstract<br/><br/>The alteration of the natural hydrologic cycle due to human activities -- such as deforestation, artificial agricultural drainage systems, urbanization, and residential development has resulted in loss of multiple ecosystem services (e.g. flood attenuation and water quality control) that were previously provided naturally by various landscape features in river basins and watersheds. Re-naturalization of the hydrologic cycle in degraded watersheds has been proposed to replace lost storage on floodplains with upland storage. At the same time, agronomic practices recommended by USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service can improve water quality and habitat. This research focuses on the design of a distributed upland storage system, with design involving the selection of sites, scales, structural changes, and agronomic practices for agricultural landscapes in a degraded watershed. We will use the Eagle Creek Watershed (HUC 11 watershed) for development and demonstration of design methods. Because there are a large number of alternative sites, scales, and mitigation methods, and because there are multiple criteria for selection of locations and methods, design is complex. Quantifiable criteria for selection include downstream flood volume, cost of mitigation, loss of habitat, etc. As in any decision problem, there are also unquantifiable criteria such as inconvenience and loss of productivity and control for private land holders. Because upland re-naturalization must occur on private land, there must be voluntary agreement for any mitigation measures. To address both complexity and acceptability to land holders, our research will integrate computational tools (GIS, simulation, optimization algorithms, etc.) for quantified criteria with community participation to address un-quantified criteria. Specific objectives are: 1) Develop a simulation-visualization framework for stakeholders to assess mitigation alternatives under conditions of climate change. 2) Develop and investigate interactive, multi-objective, and stochastic optimization approaches for including single and multiple stakeholders' participation to generate preferred alternatives that reflect non-quantitative and local criteria. 3) Compare efficacy of the interactive approach with non-interactive optimization through stakeholder assessment. Though we demonstrate the usefulness of the approach for Eagle Creek Watershed, IN, it can, however, be applicable to many other areas and problems."
,,,,,,,,1140400,Collaborative Research: Mental Models of Students and Practitioners in the Development of an Authentic Assessment Instrument for Traffic Signal Engineering,DUE,"S-STEM:SCHLR SCI TECH ENG&MATH, TUES-Type 1 Project",4/15/12,4/20/12,David Hurwitz,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Amy Chan Hilton,3/31/15,"$107,990.00",,david.hurwitz@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,EHR,"1536, 7513","9178, SMET",$0.00,"Developing conceptual knowledge situated in engineering practice has been identified as a priority by national leaders in engineering education, with the theoretically-founded expectation that it will result in students who are more capable of innovative engineering design. Progress toward this goal requires understanding fundamental ways of knowing and learning of both engineering students and engineering practitioners, coupled with the design of research-based curriculum. The goals of this research are to synthesize early career professionals' and students' mental models of traffic signals and use this knowledge to develop a fully validated traffic signal concept inventory (TSCI) along with a set of ranking task exercises in traffic signal operations relevant to engineering practice. This will be the first development of a concept inventory and conceptual exercises using engineering practitioner knowledge. This work will: 1) Determine core concepts for isolated traffic signals, coordinated traffic signals, and systems of traffic signals; 2) Synthesize student and practitioner conceptual understanding of these traffic signals; 3) Develop a situated concept inventory and ranking tasks for traffic signals; and 4) Implement the TSCI and ranking tasks at 12 universities throughout the US and actively disseminate the research results. In the first year of implementation hundreds of students will be assessed with the validated TSCI. This study is significant because it advances the field by identifying differences in conceptual understanding between practicing engineers and students and develops a concept inventory instrument and conceptual ranking exercises incorporating practitioner understandings."
,,,,,,,,1067572,"Inhibition of Nitrosomonas europaea by Ag+ and Ag-NP : Determining the influence of aqueous chemistry, capping agents, growth stage and gene expression on inhibition",CBET,Enviro Health & Safety of Nano,4/1/11,7/17/13,Lewis Semprini,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Nora Savage,3/31/15,"$337,179.00",Tyler Radniecki,lewis.semprini@orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,1179,"011E, 7237, 9251",$0.00,"The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) as a broad spectrum biocide in a wide range of consumer goods has grown exponentially in recent years, which will result in an increased release of Ag-NP into wastewater streams and ultimately the receiving bodies. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) play a critical role in the global nitrogen cycle and in the removal of nitrogen during wastewater treatment, thus preventing eutrophication of receiving waters. AOB are also widely considered to be the most sensitive fauna in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and are readily inhibited by many industrial contaminants including Ag-NP. This interdisciplinary proposal integrates the application of genomic and physiological assays with physical and chemical characterization techniques to elucidate the fate of Ag-NP in various water matrices, to identify the inhibition mechanism(s) of Ag-NP and to characterize the defense and recovery mechanisms employed by Nitrosomonas europaea, the model AOB, upon exposure to Ag-NP. <br/>The hypotheses that will be tested with the proposed experiments are: i) The fate of Ag-NP in natural and engineered systems, including dissolution, aggregation and partitioning to cells will depend on the capping agent used to stabilize the Ag-NP. ii) Ag-NP will inhibit N. europaea activity differently than silver ions (Ag+) and the inhibition is highly influenced by the capping agent, the size of the Ag-NP, the aqueous chemistry of the test media and the growth phase of the cells. iii) Transcriptional responses will differ between N. europaea cells exposed to Ag-NP and Ag+. iv) Sentinel genes can be identified and used to detect Ag+ and Ag-NP at sub-inhibitory concentrations in sequencing batch reactor and biofilm studies mimicking WWTP conditions. v) Biofilms will be more resistant to Ag+ and Ag-NP inhibition. <br/><br/>Intellectual Merit <br/>This project will examine aggregation, partitioning to cells, and dissolution behavior of a suite of Ag-NPs with different capping agents in relevant water matrices. The inhibition of N. europaea by Ag+ and Ag-NP will then be evaluated in batch systems with tests focusing on the combinations of Ag-NP (with varying capping agents) and aqueous chemistries, including the presence of divalent They will then conduct microarray experiments to determine if Ag+ and Ag-NP cause a differential gene expression and will identify new sentinel genes for Ag+ and Ag-NP. Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and biofilm experiments will be performed to determine the effects of both long- and short-term Ag+ and Ag-NP exposure on N. europaea. They will determine how well sentinel genes are correlated with Ag-NP concentrations. They will also investigate vertical profiles of nitrification within natural and artificial biofilms using microsensor techniques and will evaluate the spatial distribution of Ag-NP using a Laser Capture Microdissection Microscope. Spatial samples of the biofilm will be used to determine gene expression using qRT-PCR and TEM imaging coupled with elemental analysis will be used to determine the Ag-NP concentrations profiles. <br/><br/>Broader Impacts <br/>The work includes: Sentinel genes will be identified that can be used to detect the presence of Ag-NP and Ag+, at sub-inhibitory levels. These genes might be used in the development of biosensors for use in wastewater treatment and the environmental sensing of Ag-NP. Physiological consequences of inhibitory effects of Ag-NP as well as damage to cellular functions will also be determined for N. europaea, a model AOB. This research will be among the first to characterize how different capping agents affect the partitioning of Ag-NP and will add to the limited knowledge of the inhibition observed in biofilms. The researchers are members of the Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Initiative (http://www.greennano.org/). Thus there is synergy with the activities being conducted as part of that Initiative, including interactions with companies manufacturing Ag-NP. <br/>A post-doctoral, graduate and undergraduate student will be involved in the research. As in their past NSF-funded work, mentoring opportunities for the post-doc and graduate student include the independent supervision of undergraduate research, participation in grant writing, presenting at conferences, and publishing manuscripts as the lead and communicating author. They also plan to continue their involvement of under-represented undergraduate and high school students in this research through their continued participation in the Science and Engineering Summer Experience for Youths (http://cbee.oregonstate.edu/ sesey/), Saturday Academy (http://academy.engr.oregonstate.edu/) and the OSU Engineering Women and Minorities Tektronix Scholars program (http://engr.oregonstate.edu/wme/)."
,,,,,,,,1154094,Collaborative Research: High Precision 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology and Paleomagnetism to Determine the History and Consequences of Louisville Mantle Plume Motion,OCE,OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM,4/1/12,4/6/12,Anthony Koppers,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Thomas Janecek,3/31/15,"$145,401.00",,akoppers@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5720,"0000, OTHR, 5720",$0.00,"A major outstanding question in geodynamics is whether primary hotspots in the Pacific, like the Hawaiian and Louisville hotspots, experienced similar amounts of plume motion or whether they moved independently. In December 2010 IODP Expedition 330 to the Louisville seamount trail set out to answer this critical question. Preliminary shipboard paleomagnetic data (although based upon limited shipboard sampling) clearly show the Louisville hotspot did not experience the same large 15ˇ shift in paleolatitude as recorded for the Hawaiian hotspot between 80 and 50 Ma. Critically, these shipboard data neither allow for estimates of the duration of volcanism at individual sites drilled nor for the inclination of many cooling units (about half have no data yet or only a single sample). As importantly, the abundance of (mostly submarine) volcaniclastic material recovered makes estimating the paleolatitudes less straightforward than for the sites on the Hawaii-Emperor trail, where a sequence of discrete (primarilythat might be expected to have random directions, instead have consistent inclinations that are similar to those of intercalated lava flows and therefore may provide valuable paleolatitude information. The proponents therefore propose additional 40 Ar/39 Ar age determinations, paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies, and integration of additional shore-based and shipboard data (e.g. borehole magnetic anomalies) that will allow the to address the following questions: <br/><br/>1. How long did it take to build the volcanic sequences drilled during Expedition 330 and are these intervals (and associated quiescence periods) long enough to average out secular variation?<br/>2. Do Louisville seamounts have post-erosional volcanism and if so what is its duration?<br/>3. What is the origin of consistent inclinations in some volcaniclastic units and do these provide a time-averaged remanence that can improve paleolatitude estimates?<br/>4. Are the inclination data from the Louisville seamounts sufficiently similar to provide a robust paleolatitude from pooled data?<br/>5. Can we use the ages and paleolatitude history of the Louisville hotspot to improve absolute plate motion models for Pacific plate?<br/><br/>The results of this study will allow the proponents to (1) provide the most accurate and precise age framework for volcanic activity along the Louisville seamount trail, (2) to significantly reduce on the uncertainties in paleolatitude estimates, and (3) help to improve absolute plate motion model for the Pacific Plate taking into account the (lack of) motion of the individual Hawaiian and Louisville hotspots.<br/><br/>Broader Impact and Educational Outreach: The proposed project is part of an international collaborative effort in support of the science objectives of IODP Expedition 330 to the Louisville Seamount Trail. The proponents are collaborating with eight international researchers from Japan, UK and Australia, with whom they will generate as complete as possible and much needed high-precision 40 Ar/39 Ar and paleomagnetic data sets. The Proponents will coordinate this concerted effort over the two years of our project, with the ultimate goal to delineate the most accurate paleolatitude and age history for the Louisville hotspot. They also will organize a series of outreach activities, including expanding the Expedition 330 website started by Koppers by adding scientific products and data sets resulting from this project and by linking these in with the online Seamount Catalog and MagIC. This work will be part of the Ph.D.thesis of two students at OSU and SIO."
,,,,,,,,1107744,Collaborative Research: Ice Core Studies Reconstructing Greenland Climate During the Eemian and Beyond,PLR,ARCTIC NATURAL SCIENCES,1/1/12,8/3/11,Edward Brook,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Henrietta N. Edmonds,12/31/14,"$85,397.00",,brooke@geo.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5280,1079,$0.00,"The primary goal of this collaborative project between three institutions is to understand the extent and evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) during the Eemian period (roughly 130,000 to 115,000 years ago, the last major interglacial period in Earth's history) and the deglaciation immediately preceding it (""Termination 2""). The GIS is an important agent influencing sea level, and Arctic and global climate, on multiple timescales. Its dynamics need to be understood in the context of past climate changes, but there is little information available about the footprint, volume, and elevation of the GIS prior to the last ice age due to the absence of continuous ice core records prior to 123,000 years ago. During the Eemian, the GIS was perhaps half its present size, contributing on the order of 3 m to ""excess"" sea level rise. Characterizing the evolution of the GIS during glacial termination 2 and the Eemian would improve our understanding of its dynamics, and enhance our ability to make projections of sea level rise during the coming centuries. Older ice does exist at the bottoms of previously drilled ice cores, but the extraction of age and climate information from this older ice is hampered by the fact that it is stratigraphically disturbed and, in many cases, contaminated with soil or bedrock material. These investigators propose several novel methods to date this disturbed and/or ""dirty"" ice and to extract information on climate and ice sheet extent. The investigators will combine their new measurements and other available data to develop a more complete history of the GIS during termination 2 and the Eemian. They will work with ice sheet modelers to investigate the constraints that the Eemian data provide for the models and improve their predictive capability. These efforts have the potential to improve our ability to predict the contribution of the GIS to sea-level rise in the coming decades to centuries. Educational and outreach activities include the training of two graduate students, inclusion of this research in summer teacher enrichment programs, a lecture series for graduate students and postdocs, and communication of the results through the news media."
,,,,,,,,1137178,"Reducing Uncertainty in Heterotrophic Respiration: Linking Continental Experiments, Analytical Modeling, and Shared Data Sets",EF,MACROSYSTEM BIOLOGY,6/1/12,6/26/12,Mark Harmon,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Elizabeth R. Blood,5/31/15,"$85,006.00","Benjamin Bond-Lamberty, Rodrigo Vargas",Mark.Harmon@oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,7959,7959,$0.00,"Determining the terrestrial carbon balance (how much carbon a landscape is gaining or losing) requires correctly estimating the difference between inputs and outputs. Scientific knowledge of the output side is relatively weak, however; in particular, the limited understanding of what is termed heterotrophic respiration (RH), the carbon respired by microbes from soil and decaying organic material, limits our predictive ability. This raises an unsettling question, one that is the focus, and underlying intellectual merit, of this exploratory project: can continental-scale carbon be balanced if the underlying science understanding is unbalanced? To address this problem, funds are provided to host a community assessment on understanding, constraining, and predicting large-scale RH carbon fluxes, bringing together scientists with a wide range of specialties, nationalities, and expertise. <br/><br/>This workshop will benefit from, and take advantage of, a number of converging trends in carbon cycle science: innovative new continental-scale experiments; the sophistication of analytical methods linking individual measurements with continental- to global-scale analyses; and the increasing use of tools to collaborate, document, and analyze shared data sets. To maximize the impact of this workshop, the Awardee will live-stream the proceedings online; post all presentations; write a white paper that outlines the major limitations to understanding continental-scale RH, and offers possible solutions; develop manuscript(s) that address workshop topics, focusing on implications for large-scale science; hold follow-up sessions at national meetings; and encourage participants to use this as a springboard in advancing fundamental scientific research in Macrosystems Biology."
,,,,,,,,1122699,Residence and First Passage Time Functionals in Heterogeneous Ecological Dispersion,DMS,MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY,9/15/11,9/15/11,Edward Waymire,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Mary Ann Horn,8/31/14,"$249,956.00","Brian Wood, Vrushali Bokil, Nathan Gibson, Enrique Thomann",waymire@math.orst.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,MPS,7334,,$0.00,"Residence and First Passage Time Functionals in Heterogeneous Ecological Dispersion Multiscale problems continue to motivate important mathematical modeling and research. This proposal aims to develop and analyze models relevant to several examples from biology, ecology, oceanography and epidemiology, that involve interfacial effects defined by discontinuities in values of coefficients in the models. These phenomena occur on highly heterogeneous domains in which sharp or abrupt discontinuities in certain physical, chemical, or biological properties of the landscape occur in the coefficients of the basic equations. The Pis will analyze functionals of the associated processes, both for fragmented or patchy domains and for discrete graphical structures, to quantify the effects that smaller scale interfacial discontinuities have on macro scale variables, such as resident and occupation time functionals. In the first part of the proposal, the PIs will develop stochastic approaches to the advection-dispersion-reaction equations with discontinuous coefficients that model different biological processes. Unlike more classical physical models where the micro-scale interface conditions can be determined by macro-scale conservation laws, data on biological responses to interfacial boundaries can be quite different. The determination of the appropriate models requires the development of new micro-scale methods of analysis involving local time and the Ito-Tanaka stochastic calculus to uncover the appropriate macro-scale equations governing population densities and characteristic functionals of dispersion. In the second part of the proposal the Pis will develop numerical methods, Monte-Carlo stochastic particle schemes, and new methods of statistical parameter estimation for advection-dispersion equations involving discontinuous coefficients with special interface geometries relevant to key biological field data.<br/><br/>Natural physical processes, as well as certain anthropogenic activities, result in fragmented habitats to which species (animal, plants and bacteria) adapt or modify their behavior. Changes in the habitat configuration and/or its conditions, present new challenges and pose important broad new questions to scientists, policy makers and resource managers concerned with natural resources. Several contemporary problems in the biological and environmental sciences and engineering where such effects are reported to occur include: Bio-remediation of contaminated sediments in heterogeneous landscapes; Spread of infectious disease over fragmented habitats causing shifts in community structures possibly leading to invasion by exotic species; Species dispersal and sustainability in a heterogeneous environment affecting persistence of endangered species; Spatial localization of oceanic chlorophyll blooms impacting the fisheries industry. The specific mathematical issues common to these examples involve appropriate modeling of interfacial processes,<br/>i.e., mathematical discontinuities in the coefficients of the model equations, that affect the large scale behavior of species movement. The mathematical framework to be developed in this research is particularly aimed at assessing and quantifying interfacial effects on the large scale caused by these abrupt small -scale changes. This research will provide a mathematical framework and tools to support field and laboratory efforts to quantify and resolve fundamental questions about species dispersal through a combination of numerical and statistical algorithms, together with a theoretical mathematical analysis involving tools from deterministic and stochastic calculus."
,,,,,,,,1160704,Applications of Harmonic Analysis to the Study of Incompressible Flow,DMS,APPLIED MATHEMATICS,9/10/11,9/23/11,Elaine Cozzi,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Henry A. Warchall,6/30/14,"$91,121.00",,cozzie@math.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,MPS,1266,,$0.00,"The aim of this research project is to study behavior of solutions to the equations of incompressible fluid motion with very weak initial data. The following two important open problems in mathematical fluid mechanics will be investigated. The first is the regularity of solutions to the incompressible fluid equations with initial velocity in critical Sobolev and Besov spaces. The second is the behavior of solutions to the fluid equations with initial vorticity in the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation. We will also study the approximation of inviscid fluids by fluids of very small viscosity in these two settings. While much of this research will address two-dimensional flows, extensions of two-dimensional results to the three-dimensional axisymmetric setting will also be considered. <br/><br/>Low viscosity fluids and fluids in which viscosity is negligible are of great interest to scientists and engineers. A goal of this research project is to better understand how well an inviscid fluid must behave in order to be reasonably approximated by fluids of small viscosity. Moreover, this project aims to study the assumptions necessary on both viscous and inviscid flows to extend two-dimensional analysis to a more complicated three-dimensional setting where the flow is symmetric about an axis. Any improvement in the understanding of these two areas of fluid mechanics will lead to more accurate numerical simulations of badly behaved fluids."
,,,,,,,,1059661,EarthScope Institute: The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary,EAR,EARTHSCOPE-SCIENCE UTILIZATION,5/1/11,2/23/11,Anne Trehu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Gregory J. Anderson,4/30/12,"$93,893.00","Terry Plank, J. Gregory Hirth, Clinton Conrad, Colleen Dalton",trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,017F,017F,$0.00,"EarthScope Institute: The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary<br/><br/>The lithosphere is fundamental to the definition of tectonic plates and continents, and yet its dimensions, origins and evolution are still poorly understood. New observations at the interface between the strong lithosphere and weak asthenosphere hold clues as to the thermal, mechanical and chemical variations that create this boundary. Data from the EarthScope Facility have provided a rich array of such observations at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), some of them conflicting. The variations and discontinuities in seismic velocities, attenuation and anisotropy have led to a proliferation of features and structures that confound the classical view of the lithosphere as a thermal boundary layer. A workshop is being held to bring together seismologists, dynamicists, experimentalists and petrologists to integrate these new observations into a new conceptual understanding of the LAB and to develop new ideas about Earth?s dynamic behavior that give rise to this feature. The primary goals of the workshop are: 1) to provide intellectual leadership and foster critical thinking about the observations that define the LAB and the physical mechanisms behind its origin and evolution; 2) to promote broad, community interest in the LAB and seed collaborations between observational, theoretical, and laboratory based research programs; and 3) to discuss novel approaches or critical data that are needed to make new observations on the LAB and develop models for its origins. This workshop is the initial step in fostering broad, multidisciplinary collaboration on the LAB and will provide the foundation for a virtual online Institute that will be facilitated by the EarthScope National Office."
,,,,,,,,1202014,Workshop: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Understanding Ocean/Ice-Shelf/Ice-Sheet Interactions,PLR,ARCTIC SYSTEM SCIENCE PROGRAM,12/1/11,11/21/11,Alan Mix,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Neil R. Swanberg,11/30/12,"$68,292.00",Roger Samelson,mix@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5219,1079,$0.00,"This two-day workshop is to develop a comprehensive, integrated, interdisciplinary approach to observing, understanding and modeling ice-shelf-buttressed, marine-based glacier systems that drain major ice sheets. Such systems have the ability to evolve rapidly (years to decades) in response to ocean-induced ice-shelf loss, with consequences for rapid rise of global sea level and potentially huge impacts on society. Three components are required to understand the potential significance of these systems: simultaneous comprehensive measurements of all physical elements (atmosphere, ocean, ice shelf, glacier, sea ice, sea/glacier bed); paleo history of the study region(s) from late glacial times through the Holocene to present, to assess relative stability and potential rates of change; and comprehensive modeling incorporating principal physical processes including the ability to represent system variability through the Holocene in relation to climate reconstructions and into the future in response to projected climate change.<br/><br/>The workshop will assemble bring representatives of the above three disciplines to identify key elements required to make transformative progress on understanding processes that control the sensitivity of these systems to change. Invitees include researchers with skills in in situ and remote-sensing observations of all elements of the target systems including existing structure of ocean and ice-shelf systems as well as reconstructions of past oceans and climate, and numerical modelers with interests ranging from regional ocean circulation and ice-shelf and glacier processes to paleo-history of large ice sheets. International invitees include researchers with capabilities and skills that augment US resources.<br/><br/>Discussions at the workshop will be centered on (1) identification of essential components of a comprehensive study, and (2) development of a logistically manageable interdisciplinary strategy that could be applied to study one or more systems determined to be representative of similar systems in both Greenland and Antarctica.<br/><br/>Broader impacts: The workshop will document a strategy for making transformative advances in understanding the potential for large and rapid sea level rise from ocean-induced retreat of marine-based glaciers and ice streams presently buttressed by ice shelves. The specific goals of the proposed workshop will stress the urgency of interdisciplinary collaborations between glaciologists, oceanographers, paleo-scientists, modelers, and technology developers. Likely attendees include early-career polar researchers and underrepresented groups. Proposed meeting dates are adjacent to major national meetings, and students will be encouraged to attend to experience the process of developing major research initiatives."
,,,,,,,,1343099,"I-Corps: Simple, Highly Accurate Indoor Location Using only WiFi",IIP,I-Corps,9/1/13,8/20/13,Huaping Liu,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Rathindra DasGupta,2/28/14,"$50,000.00",,hliu@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,ENG,8023,,$0.00,"This I-Corp Team project investigates a high-precision (better than 1m in a 3-dimensional space) indoor location technology that uses only existing WiFi signals. The WiFi signal sensors employed by this technology operate independently, which eliminates the need to physically link sensors to each other and simplifies the installation of the technology. The core of this technology is an algorithm that employs clustered receivers to provide time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) information without requiring timing synchronization of any kind, resolving the major technical challenge of TDOA- based high precision positioning. <br/><br/>The clustered TDOA localization algorithm ? the core of this system, may resolve the challenges of existing location-based services (LBS) by enabling high-precision accuracy. For the individual user ? the technology utilizes existing WiFi hardware in SmartPhones, and therefore only requires installation of a software application. Widespread use of this technology could enable rapid growth of indoor LBS, which largely impacts advertising-centric services to consumers at retail points of sale."
,,,,,,,,1259326,Expedition Objective Research (IODP Expedition 340): Diagenesis in tephra-rich marine sediments and the impact of reactive iron on enhanced carbon burial,OCE,OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM,8/15/13,8/9/13,James McManus,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,James Beard,11/30/13,"$150,000.00",,mcmanus@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5720,"0000, OTHR, 5720",$0.00,"This is an expedition objective research proposal that will use samples from IODP exp. 340 to the Lesser Antilles. This proposal seeks to examine the effect of tephra deposition and diagenesis on sediment chemistry, pore fluids, and ocean chemistry. The specific hypothesis is that tephra sedimentation and diagenesis promotes burial of organic carbon. It does this by consuming oxidizers that would otherwise degrade organic carbon and/or binding carbon to metals. The PI proposes to analyze major and trace elements and Sr isotopes, for all samples and pore waters. The PI also proposes to analyze organic C, carbonate, carbon isotopes, reactive Fe and Al for sediments and pore water solids. The work has the potential to provide an important constraint on the oceanic carbon cycle."
,,,,,,,,1145358,SIG-011: International Workshop on Stochastic Image Grammars,IIS,ROBUST INTELLIGENCE,10/1/11,7/23/11,Sinisa Todorovic,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Jie Yang,9/30/12,"$5,000.00",,sinisa@eecs.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,CSE,7495,"7495, 7556",$0.00,"This travel grant supports two US participants to attend the International Workshop on Stochastic Image Grammars (SIG-11). The notion of stochastic image grammars encompasses hierarchical representations of objects and events occurring in images and video, and their associated learning and inference algorithms. The virtue of image grammars lies in their expressive power to represent an exponentially large number of object and event configurations by using a relatively much smaller vocabulary, and a few compositional rules. <br/><br/>Statistics, machine learning, natural language processing, and cognitive psychology experience a resurgence of stochastic grammars. In computer vision, however, this momentum seems to be present only in the area of 2D object recognition. The main objective of the workshop is to promote interdisciplinary research among these traditionally separate scientific disciplines toward grammar-based formulations of a wider range of vision problems, beyond object recognition, such as, e.g., 3D structure from motion, and activity recognition. The workshop is also aimed at reducing the apparent disconnect between research groups working on image grammars, by addressing the need for a unified theoretical framework. To this end, SIG-11 provides a forum for sharing research experiences in grammars between the vision community and the keynote speakers who are experts in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and natural language processing. Solicited peer-reviewed papers are expected to be published in the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Vision."
,,,,,,,,1153704,"Assessing Proxies, Strategies, Technologies and Drilling Targets to Constrain the History of the Greenland Ice Sheet",OCE,OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM,9/15/11,9/11/11,Joseph Stoner,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Candace O. Major,8/31/12,"$10,000.00",,jstoner@coas.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,GEO,5720,"0000, OTHR",$0.00,"This award will support the participation of ~10 students and postdoctoral researchers in a workshop focusing on developing strategies to achieve better understanding of the history of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The workshop will be held in the fall of 2011 in Corvallis, OR, and will include international representation in the fields of glaciology, paleoceanography, marine geology, and climate modeling. Funding provides the opportunity for young scientists to get involved with and contribute to an interdisciplinary effort that may eventually lead to a large-scale drilling program through the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. The opportunity for participation will be advertised in widely available newsletters and through disciplinary email listservs. Participant support will be based on applicants' statements of purpose and will target under-represented groups."
,,,,,,,,1311572,DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Evolutionary genomics of inter-kingdom host jumping in the fungal genus Elaphocordyceps,DEB,PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS,6/1/13,4/30/13,Joseph Spatafora,OR,Oregon State University,Standard Grant,Simon Malcomber,5/31/15,"$18,980.00",Catherine Quandt,spatafoj@science.oregonstate.edu,OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY,Corvallis,OR,973318507,5417374933,BIO,1171,"1171, 9179, EGCH, SMET",$0.00,"This study seeks to use genetic data to elucidate mechanisms underlying host specificity in a group of fungi that are either pathogens of insects or other fungi. Through previous research, whole genome data was generated for two very closely related species, one beetle pathogen and one truffle pathogen. In this study, an experiment will be performed where the truffle pathogen will be grown in conditions containing the truffle and without, and the comparison of how the fungus responds to these conditions (measured using messenger RNA) will gives clues as to which genes and pathways are necessary for truffle pathogenesis. In addition, whole genome data will be produced for more species within this genus, including a cicada pathogen and another truffle pathogen. These additional genomes will allow larger generalizations to be made about species within this genus parasitizing different hosts, and to identify host-specific gene sets. Little is known about the infection of new hosts by fungal pathogens and is of increasing importance as the climate continues to change and communities become more global. Knowledge of the genomic differences of species parasitizing different hosts can inform how fungi are able to switch hosts.<br/><br/>The broader impacts of this study include, but are not limited to, the following. First, a major impact of this proposal will be the production of an electronically available high school biology module on fungal pathogens of insects and other fungi. This will be created as a resource for both teachers and students, and include classroom, field, and laboratory exercises. An integral part of this module will be 5 lessons plans, complete with presentation slides, to comprise an entire insect pathogenic fungi unit. This will be made publically available at the Cordyceps Electronic Monograph at http://cordyceps.us. Second, it is of little doubt, based on all previously sequenced genomes of related species, that the study organisms will each have a significant repertoire of secondary metabolites, and a major impact of this project will be the identification of these gene clusters which could lead to the identification and development of novel natural products, with potential applications in medicine and biocontrol."