Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Apple mycorrhizae and their effects on growth and nutrient concentration in apple seedlings grown in two soils with varied levels of P

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  • A study was conducted to characterize the vesicular-arbuscular (VA) fungi of apples grown in Oregon. Using roots and soil from apple orchards as inoculae, six different fungal species were found in pot cultures: Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall, Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerdemann) Gerd. and Trappe, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe, Gigaspora calospora (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe, Glomus monosporum Gerd. and Trappe and Sclerocystis rubiformis Gerd. and Trappe. The first three species grew out of apple root inoculum, suggesting that they are strong competitors in colonizing apple roots in the field. Gigaspora margarita has not heretofore been reported in Oregon. The effectiveness of Gigaspora margarita, Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus mosseae and applied P in promoting growth of apple seedlings grown in two soils which differ in their available P content was studied in a greenhouse experiment. Mycorrhizal inoculation could substitute for P application in low P soil with G. fasciculatum being the most effective in promoting growth and P uptake, G. margarita being the least effective, and G. mosseae intermediate. Also studied were the effects of soil-applied P and VA mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake and growth of maize grown in Willamette soil. Both treatments enhanced plant growth and P uptake. VA mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased percent leaf Mg and Mn over the controls. Application of P to one-half of the root system did not reduce percent root colonization by VA mycorrhizae in the other half, while combining both treatments reduced percent root colonization.
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