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Comparison of the Accuracy and Applicability of Forebody Wake Effect Models for Parachute System Design

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  • The forebody wake effect (FWE) is important to consider when designing parachute systems because it can affect parachute performance. Parachutes work by altering the aerodynamic properties of an attached forebody to control a descent. The FWE can reduce parachute drag, causing the system to descend faster than desired. This drag reduction coupled with wind or other factors can change the descent trajectory and landing impact speed. Modeling the FWE is important for ensuring that the parachute system descends and lands safely at the desired location. In the available literature there are three prominent FWE models for parachute system design. These models fall under two general modelling methods. The first method is to generate a statistical or empirical model based on a high number of full-scale experimental flights or tests. The second method is to create a case specific model with computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The goal of this paper is to explore the limitations and appropriate uses of the existing FWE models. Their applications and limitations were evaluated and compared in terms of modelling method, accuracy in determining drag reduction and breadth of situational applicability. The investigation showed that the models are applicable in specific design cases and vary in accuracy. The three models presented have different strengths and limitations, as expected. This review lays the foundation for developing a more comprehensive FWE model for parachute system design.
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