Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Friction losses for water flowing in non-circular ducts

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  • Friction factors were measured for water flowing in ducts made up of two rods held between two flat plates. Three rod diameters of 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 inches were used. The spacings between rods varied from 0.0 to 0.32 inch. It was found that the concept of hydraulic diameter was adequate to correlate data and equations of the forms corresponding the Blasius power form and the Nikuradse-Von-Karman logarithmic form were obtained. The friction factor values are almost 40% less than values of circular tubes at the same Reynolds number. The correlations obtained have a maximum of 5% variation over 215 experimental data points. Analysis of data also showed that 2-8% of the cross-sectional area of duct can be considered laminar flow and the remainder to be in turbulent flow. This division of two regions is nearly constant at an angle of 20-30° which is the angle subtended by the laminar portion of the stream at the center of a rod. This angle is defined in Figure 7. Reynolds number range from 2,000 to 30,000.
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