Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Amino acids in tissues from healthy and crown gall infected Kalanchoe pinnata

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  • Crown gall infected and healthy Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Persoon plants were analyzed for soluble amino acids. Specifically the amino acids in young leaf, mature leaf, stem, root, and gall tissues were quantitatively measured. The plants were inoculated with the bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend) Conn., on one side of the stem to initiate unilaterial galls (UG) and on opposite sides of the stem to produce opposite galls (OG). Plants with opposite galls and unilateral galls were supplied with either low or high nitrogen levels in the root medium. Diseased plants supplied with low nitrogen had larger amino acid totals in diseased young leaf and stem tissue, and a lower total in old leaf tissue than controls. There were no qualitative amino acid patterns common among the different tissues of diseased plants characteristic for the crown gall disease. When OG and UG plants were compared, the OG plants had more alanine in young leaves, stems, and roots, but less alanine in old leaves. The major factor influencing the amino acid pools in the plant tissues appeared to be the low nitrogen level rather than the presence or position of the galls on the stem. The high nitrogen OG plants had about half the amino acid total found in controls or UG plants. They had lower totals in young leaves, old leaves, and stems than control tissues; and lower totals in young leaves, old leaves, and galls than UG plants. The UG plants had lower totals in young leaves, stems and roots, but a higher total in old leaves than control tissues. The OG plants had less aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, and arginine in young leaves, old leaves, and galls than UG plants. Stem tissue from OG plants had less aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Galls from OG plants had less aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, glutamine, arginine, serine, and leucines than galls from UG plants. No notable amino acid trends were common among tissues of diseased plants (OG and UG) supplied with high nitrogen. The amino acid pool levels in the different tissues of OG and UG plants appeared to be influenced as much by gall positions as by the physiological presence of the gall. Since the gall positions on high nitrogen plants had such an effect on amino acid levels in plant tissues, workers who study crown gall diseased plants in the future should be cognizant of this fact when inoculating plants. Biochemical and physiological differences which may be attributed to differences between diseased and healthy plants could be due to gall positions on the plant.
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