Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Fouling of heat transfer surfaces under forced circulation boiling condition

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  • Various conditions of heat flux in the range of 46600 to 93300 Btu/hr ft² and water velocity in the range of 1.44 to 2.16 ft/sec were tested under carefully controlled conditions to determine their effect on scale formation, and the characteristics of scale. Inlet temperature and bulk temperature were maintained constant at 208 °F and 212 °F, respectively, whereas surface temperature varied from 228 °F to 243 °F. Total hardness and calcium hardness remained relatively constant in the range of 377 to 400 ppm and 373 to 398 ppm respectively as CaCO₃. Other water quality parameters varied over the duration of investigation; pH value in the range of 8.5 to 9.2; silica concentration changed from 199 to 400 ppm as Si0₂, methyl orange alkalinity varied from 20 to 102 ppm as CaCO₃. It was found that initial formation of scale is a strong function of initial surface condition, and the deposition rate is a strong function of heat flux and water velocity. Results obtained were correlated with surface temperature according to an Arrhenius type equation using the HTRI (1, 2) model.
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  • File scanned at 300 ppi (Monochrome) using Capture Perfect 3.0 on a Canon DR-9050C in PDF format. CVista PdfCompressor 4.0 was used for pdf compression and textual OCR.
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