Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Inoculation of container-grown plants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae

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  • Studies were conducted on inoculation of container-grown plants with vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae. Intraradical vesicles formed in colonized roots were found to serve as propagules and significantly contribute to the infectivity of these roots. A procedure was developed for separating intraradical vesicles from roots; isolated intraradical vesicles were able to colonize new host roots. Extraradical vesicles of Gigaspora margarita were not infective propagules. Treatment of mycorrhizal roots with sodium hypochlorite as a surface-sterilant reduced their infectivity. Pre-transplant inoculation of geranium with Glomus fasciculatum resulted in spread of the endophyte within the root system and greater and more uniform growth at flowering. Mycorrhizae were sufficiently established on most seedlings at a minimum of 2 weeks after emergence to persist after transplanting. Pre-transplant inoculation increased geranium growth over that of controls transplanted into heavily inoculated soil, even when growth did not differ at the time of transplanting. Soilless plant growth media such as peat, bark, perlite and vermiculite inhibited formation of VA mycorrhizae and host growth response compared to media containing soil. Peats from different sources varied in effects on mycorrhizal growth response of geranium. Utilization of rock phoshate or bonemeal instead of sodium phosphate as a fertilizer P source did not improve establishment of mycorrhizae and host growth response in various media. Addition of 5-10% Turface, bentonite, silt loam soil or clay subsoil to peat or vermiculite resulted in increased colonization of host roots and significant mycorrhizal growth response, but amendment with liquid sludge inhibited mycorrhiza formation. Differential VA mycorrhiza formation and host growth enhancement in different growth media were attributed to differences in equilibrium solution P concentration after media had been saturated with fertilizer. Growth response of geranium to inoculation with G. fasciculatum increased with increasing pre-inoculation soil heat treatment temperatures from 45°C to 120°C. Colonization of roots of geraniums inoculated with G. fasciculatum was not affected by soil treatment temperature, but treatment for 30 min at 55°C or higher eliminated colonization by indigenous mycorrhizal fungi. The shoot P concentration of inoculated plants relative to controls increased with increasing temperature of soil treatment.
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