Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Ryegrass fluorescence expression during three generations of seed increase and its heritability among half-sib families

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/wd375z425

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  • Seedling root fluorescence (SRF) has been used as a test in the USA since 1941 to discriminate Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) from perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.). Generally, roots of Italian ryegrass fluorescece when exposed to ultraviolet light, while roots of perennial ryegrass do not. Presence of fluorescent seedlings in lots of perennial ryegrass can cause concern among buyers who fear contamination of Italian ryegrass. The SRF trait has introgressed between the two species of ryegrass, and since 1991 breeders have documented inherent varietal fluorescence levels (VFL) of ryegrass cultivars before multiplication of seed under seed certification programs. Studies were conducted to further elucidate plant growing condition aspects of SRF in ryegrass. Four populations with different fluorescence levels were assembled from among ryegrass half-sib families. The four populations were increased independently for three generations at each of three Oregon locations. There was considerable variation for SRF among locations within populations, and for generations within location. Generally, each population increased in SRF each generation of multiplication at Corvallis, but did not increase at the Aurora and Madras sites. Significant location X population and location X generation interactions indicated a strong location effect on SRF. Heritabilities of SRF were estimated using realized response from 26 half-sib families at the three locations. Heritability estimates ranged from 97 to 99 %. Although the heritability of SRF was high, there was considerable genotype X environment interaction for trait expression. Evidence of high variability for SRF expression should be considered as plant breeders describe VFL of cultivars, and multiple seed production locations and generations should be used in descriptions. Based on results of these studies, SRF level for a cultivar developed from a single location cannot be used to predict SRF expression at other locations. The SRF trait alone should not be used as a discriminator of ryegrass cultivars, and should be discontinued for use in measuring genetic contamination between Italian and perennial ryegrasses.
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