Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Experimental behavior of wide-flange beams with web holes

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  • Two built-up wide-flange beams with several large holes in each beam were tested to failure. Strains were measured by strain gages at various levels, located at the ends and center of typical holes, and deflections were measured optically at two points on each beam. Lateral bracing was provided to prevent lateral-torsional buckling of the compression flange. The first beam, with a ratio of hole depth to beam depth of two-thirds, failed by buckling of a web post between adjacent holes. The second beam, with a ratio of hole depth to beam depth of four-fifths, deflected so much that the lateral bracing system failed and the beam failed by lateral buckling of the compression flange. No tearing of the web was observed, due to the rounding of the corners of the holes. The results of the beam tests correlated well with the Vierendeel theory in the elastic range of stresses, for holes at which there was a shear force. For holes at which there was no shear, the couple-plustee bending theory was somewhat more accurate. Bower's criteria for yielding of the beam section and his lower bound solution for the ultimate strength of the beams were investigated and compared with the loads at which yield actually occurred at each hole. The yield criteria were foundto be quite unconservative for these beams, but the predicted ultimate loads for holes with shear forces correlated well with the actual deflections and strains. The points of inflection in the tee sections did not appear to shift significantly from the centerlines of the holes, within the precision of the strain readings. Deflections were calculated as the sum of the simple beam deflection of the net beam section and deflection of the tee sections as fixed-end beams. The calculated values were 4% to 28% less than the actual deflections in the elastic range.
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