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Factors controlling halogenated and nonhalogenated alkene growth substrate range of vinyl chloride-utilizing bacteria

Creator:: Taylor, Anne Elizabeth
Abstract:: This thesis explores the factors limiting the alkene substrate range of the vinyl chloride (VC)-utilizing bacteria, and describes a method for measuring VC transformation in situ. Vinyl fluoride (VF) was evaluated as a surrogate for monitoring aerobic VC-transformation utilizing three isolates, Mycobacterium EE13a, Mycobacterium JS60 and Nocardioides JS614. JS614 grew...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: vinyl chloride (VC, C2H3Cl1). cDCE and VC are products of anaerobic PCE and TCE degradation, and VC

Electron donor and chlorinated ethene effects on activity and community composition in anaerobic reductively dechlorinating consortia

Creator:: Sabalowsky, Andrew R.
Abstract:: This research focused on anaerobic transformation of trichloroethene (TCE), a groundwater contaminant. The mixed anaerobic Evanite culture (EV) was studied to determine community behavior and composition responses to different electron donors and chloroethene electron acceptors. The potential toxicity from high concentrations of TCE and its daughter product cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) was...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: Microsoft Word - 123108Thesis.doc AN ABSTRACT OF THE

Kinetic and modeling investigations of the anaerobic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes using single and binary mixed cultures and silicon-based organic compounds as slow-release substrates

Creator:: Yu, Seungho
Abstract:: This study investigated complete reductive dechlorination of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) over a broad range of concentrations. Tetrabutoxysilane (TBOS), as a slow-release anaerobic substrate, was studied for enhanced reductive dechlorination of tetrachioroethylene (PCE) present as a dense non-aqueous liquid (DNAPL). Four different site-mixed cultures were used in the study: Site-300...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: degradation rates with increasing concentrations. (b) and (c) Measurements of VC transformation and ETH

Kinetic and molecular effects of sulfate reduction on a dechlorinating culture under chemostat growth conditions

Creator:: Berggren, Dusty Rose V.
Abstract:: Chlorinated ethenes are common groundwater contaminants that may be treated through in-situ bioremediation. Relationships between the reducing environment, available electron donors and acceptors, reaction kinetics, and microbial community composition must be further understood to successfully engineer remediation schemes in the complex subsurface environment. This thesis work investigated the effect of...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Dusty R.V

Numerical simulation of anaerobic reductive dechlorination of CAHs in continuous flow systems

Creator:: Mustafa, Nizar Ahmad
Abstract:: Halogenated organic compounds have had widespread and massive applications in industry, agriculture, and private households, for example, as degreasing solvents, flame retardants and in polymer production. They are released to the environment through both anthropogenic and natural sources. The most common chlorinated solvents present as contaminants include tetrachloroethene (PCE, perchloroethene)...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: degradation of contaminants in saturated soils and groundwater, although bioremediation in the unsaturated

Inhibition, kinetic and modeling studies of acetylene and 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene on reductive dechlorination of TCE and vinyl chloride

Creator:: Pon, George
Abstract:: Laboratory and modeling studies were performed with a mixed-anaerobic-culture obtained from the Evanite site in Corvallis, Oregon. The culture completely transforms trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-dichloroethene (c-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and finally to ethene. Acetylene inhibition studies were used to examine the culture's microbial activities. Kinetic studies determined the half-saturated constant...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: -dependent methanogenesis during acetone degradation by a mixed culture of an acetogenic eubacterium and a

Microcosm studies of bioaugmentation with a butane-utilizing mixed culture : microbial community structure and 1,1-DCE cometabolism

Creator:: Lim, Hee Kyung
Abstract:: The 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) cometabolic transformation abilities of indigenous and bioaugmented microorganisms were compared in microcosms constructed with groundwater and aquifer solids from the Moffett Field site, CA. Microbial community structure in the microcosms and possible community shifts due to 1,1-DCE transformation stress was evaluated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: degradation (Yeager etal., 2001). The ability of microorganisms to survive and adapt to a toxic environment

Aerobic cometabolism of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and other chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by indigenous and bioaugmented butane-utilizers in Moffett Field microcosms

Creator:: Rungkamol, Darin
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Darin Rungkamol for the degree of

Effect of electron donors on the reductive dechlorination of trichlorofluoroethylene in anaerobic microcosms and in situ push-pull tests

Creator:: Louie, Erika N.
Abstract:: This research focuses on the anaerobic transformation of trichloroethylene (TCE) that is occurring in the subsurface of the Evanite site in Corvallis, OR. Two anaerobic studies were conducted to investigate the effects of microbial communities in the presence of different electron donors during the anaerobic degradation of trichlorofluoroethylene (TCFE), and...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: anaerobic degradation of trichlorofluoroethylene (TCFE), and TCE. The first study was conducted in the

Abiotic transformations of TKEBS and other lower homologues of tetraalkoxysilanes by subsurface solids from a contaminated site

Creator:: Chu, Min-Ying
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: higher rate of parathion degradation was observed by Saltzman et al. at moisture content less than 10

Microcosm study of enhanced biotransformation of vinyl chloride to ethylene with TCE additions under anaerobic conditions from Point Mugu, California

Creator:: Pang, Incheol Jonathan
Abstract:: This microcosm study demonstrated the enhanced anaerobic transformation of vinyl chloride (VC) to ethylene. A previous microcosm study from Point Mugu site showed the accumulation of VC due to the slow transformation step of VC to ethylene. To overcome the rate-limiting step, two laboratory experiments tested the effect of trichloroethylene...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: remediation is cometabolism. Cometabolism, or co-oxidation, is defined as the degradation of a compound only

Bench-scale study for the bioremediation of chlorinated ethylenes at Point Mugu Naval Air Weapons Station, Point Mugu California, IRP Site 24

Creator:: Keeling, Matthew Thomas
Abstract:: Laboratory scale microcosm studies were conducted using site specific groundwater and aquifer solids to assess the feasibility of stimulating indigenous microorganisms in-situ to biologically transform Trichloroethylene (TCE) and its lesser chlorinated daughter products dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Three different treatments were conducted to determine the best approach for...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: systems and the subsequent degradation of TCE to varying degrees. In response to regulatory concerns

Abiotic and biological transformation of TBOS and TKEBS, and their role in the biological transformation of TCE and c-DCE

Creator:: Vancheeswaran, Sanjay
Abstract:: At Site-300, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), CA, trichloroethene (TCE) is present along with tetraalkoxysilanes such as tetrabutoxysilane (TBOS) and tetrakis(2-ethylbutoxy) silane (TKEBS), as subsurface contaminants. Intrinsic transformation of TCE to cis-dichloroethene (c-DCE) was observed in the groundwater at locations co-contaminated with TBOS or TKEBS. Attenuation of TBOS and TKEBS...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Experiments 40 3.3.2 Aerobic Biological Degradation of TBOS and TKEBS 45 3.3.3 Degradation of TKEBS by

Comparison of indigenous and bioaugmented butane and propane-utilizers for transforming 1,1,1-trichloroethane in Moffett Field microcosms

Creator:: Jitnuyanont, Pardi
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: lacking nutrient amendments. The rates of butane degradation in microcosms that were exposed to 1,1,1-TCA

Aerobic cometabolism of chloroform by butane and propane grown microorganisms from the Hanford subsurface

Creator:: Kim, Young
Abstract:: Batch microcosm studies were carried out to screen for microorganisms from the subsurface of Hanford DOE site that could cometabolically transform chloroform (CF) under aerobic conditions. The potential need for CF bioremediation at the Hanford site has resulted from the large release of carbon tetrachloride (CT) to the subsurface, of...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: synthetic. groundwater prepared had an ionic strength within the range of Hanford groundwater. Table 3.1

Radon-222 as an indicator for nonaqueous phase liquids in the saturated zone : developing a detection technology

Creator:: Hopkins, Omar Snowden
Abstract:: Radon-222 gas has unique properties allowing it to be used as an indicator for the presence of organic phase liquids in the saturated zone. It naturally occurs in soils. It is radioactive, making quantitative detection straight forward. A noble gas, it is chemically inert and does not react with aquifer...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: , that is to say it affects the 'strength' of adhesion between the fluid and the solid (Corey, 1977. pg

Inhibition of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas europaea by the emerging contaminant triclosan

Creator:: Hughes, Jamie L.
Abstract:: Identifying the inhibition of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by emerging organic contaminants is crucial due to the importance of AOB in wastewater treatment, the widespread use of antibacterial agents such as triclosan (TCS) in consumer products, and the sensitivity of N. europaea to inhibitors. Triclosan inhibition of nitrification by AOB...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: cometabolically transformed by N. europaea, determine its degradation products. 6) Compare the inhibition of

The effect of silver ions and nanoparticles on biofilms and planktonic cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea

Creator:: Giska, Jonathan R.
Abstract:: Due to the effective antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles they represent a significant proportion of all consumer-‐related nanomaterials. The introduction of silver nanoparticles from these products into domestic and industrial wastewater streams poses potential complications for biological treatment systems. A critical component of biological treatment that is extremely sensitive to...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: The effects of silver ions and nanoparticles on biofilms and

Transient Electron Donor Concentration Experiments for the Determination of Dehalogenation Rate and Kinetic Parameter Shifts in an Anaerobic Microbial Culture

Creator:: Green, Jennifer K.
Abstract:: Trichloroethene (TCE) is a common groundwater contaminant. Bioremediation, or the enhancement of natural microbial processes for the transformation of toxic compounds in soil and groundwater, is an effective solution to this widespread problem. The organisms that transform TCE in the subsurface are sensitive to environmental conditions, especially to the presence...
Resource Type:: Honors College Thesis
Full Text:: the anaerobic bacteria, Dehalococcoides mccartyi. Degradation rates of TCE and its transformation

Transformation of Carbon Tetrachloride and Chloroform by Trichloroethene Respiring Anaerobic Mixed Cultures and Supernatant

Creator:: Vickstrom, Kyle E.
Abstract:: Carbon tetrachloride (CT) and chloroform (CF) were transformed in batch reactor experiments conducted with anaerobic dechlorinating cultures and supernatant (ADC+S) harvested from continuous flow reactors. The Evanite (EV-5L) and Victoria/Stanford (VS-5L) cultures capable of respiring trichloroethene (TCE), 1,2-cis-dichloroethene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) to ethene (ETH) were grown in continuous...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: degradation and product formation; and (3) explore the dynamics of CT and TCE simultaneous transformation in

Transformation of Phenanthrene by Mycobacterium sp. ELW1 and the Formation of Toxic Metabolites

Creator:: Schrlau, Jill E.
Abstract:: The ability of Mycobacterium sp. ELW1, a novel microbe capable of alkene oxidation, to co-metabolize phenanthrene (PHE) was studied. ELW1 was able to completely co-metabolize PHE, at different concentrations below its water solubility limit, in an aqueous environment. The alkene monooxygenases in ELW1, used to initiate oxidation of PHE, were...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: peroxide, and activated sodium persulphate. 15 Bioremediation is the natural degradation of

Experimental demonstration and modeling of aerobic cometabolism of 1,4-dioxane by isobutane-utilizing microorganisms in aquifer microcosms

Creator:: Rolston, Hannah M.
Abstract:: 1,4-dioxane, a probable human carcinogen at low (< 1ppb) concentrations, has emerged as a groundwater contaminant due to its historical use as a stabilizer for the chlorinated solvent 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Aerobic cometabolism, the use of a primary substrate to induce the production of microbial enzymes that fortuitously degrade other compounds, is...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: nutrient amendment. Modeling of simultaneous isobutane utilization, 1,4-dioxane degradation, and biomass

Inhibition of Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria by Carbon Tetrachloride and Chloroform

Creator:: Ehret, Emma L.
Abstract:: Despite decades of cleanup efforts, chlorinated solvents are some of the most common groundwater and subsurface contaminants of the industrialized world. These compounds include chlorinated ethenes (CEs) such as trichloroethene (TCE) and chlorinated methanes (CMs) such as carbon tetrachloride (CT). Dehalococcoides mccartyi belongs to a class of microorganisms called organohalide-respiring...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Emma L. Ehret for

The Effect of Oxygen and Salinity Conditions on Soluble Metabolic Product Formation by Methylomicrobium buryatense 5GB1

Creator:: Cameron, Marina R.
Abstract:: Methanotrophic bacteria are promising means of producing value-added products as they have the ability to transform methane under atmospheric temperature and pressure. Efforts to develop methanotrophs to produce value-added products are hoped to incentivize a decrease in methane flaring operations. The data collected during this study was used to inform...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: . ....................... 4 Figure 3 Microbial Degradation Pathways for the Oxidation of Methane

Co-Encapsulation of Slow Release Substrates and Microbial Cultures in Alginate and Gellan Gum Beads to Promote the Co-metabolic Transformation of 1,4-Dioxane and Chlorinate Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Creator:: Rasmussen, Mitchell T.
Abstract:: Methods were developed for the co-encapsulation of slow release compounds (SRC) with viable microbial cells in alginate and gellan gum hydrogel beads, for the in-situ aerobic cometabolic treatment of groundwater contaminated with mixtures of 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which will be referred to as contaminants of concern (CoC). The...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: present, increase toxicity, and strengthen resistance to degradation 1,6. The unique properties of

Cometabolism of 1,4-Dioxane and Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Pure Cultures of Rhodococcus rhodochrous 21198 and Mycobacterium ELW1 and in Groundwater Microcosms Fed Isobutane and Isobutene as Growth Substrates

Creator:: Krippaehne, Krysta J.
Abstract:: 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) are hazardous compounds commonly found in soil and groundwater. Bioremediation through aerobic cometabolism is a potential option for the remediation of these contaminated sites. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of different primary...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: 1,4-dioxane was evaluated through the determination of zero order degradation rates of TCE, 1,1-DCE

Anaerobic Dehalogenation of Trichloroethene by Encapsulated Dehalococcoides mccartyi

Creator:: Lukens, Eileen P.
Abstract:: Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) like trichloroethene (TCE) were mostly used to replace drying cleaning fluids which contained hydrocarbons like benzene, and were highly flammable. Through improper disposal, storage, and spills, TCE and its downstream products, like cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), leached into groundwater and threaten human and environmental...
Resource Type:: Honors College Thesis
Full Text:: . .................................................................................................................................. 34 Figure 10: Converted linear rates of degradation of chlorinated ethenes for suspended cells in

Bioaugmentation of Pure and Enriched Cultures Fed Multiple Primary Substrates to Aerobically Cometabolize a Mixture of Chlorinated Solvents and 1,4-dioxane in Microcosms Containing Groundwater from a Department of Defense Site

Creator:: Laurance, Jon C.
Abstract:: Chlorinated solvents are common groundwater pollutants that often exist as mixtures resulting from the use of multiple solvents and their transformation into chlorinated daughter products. These sites are often co-contaminated with the solvent stabilizer 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D), which is not treated by traditional chlorinated solvent remediation techniques. Both 1,4-D and chlorinated...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Jon C. Laurance for

Cometabolism of Chlorinated Ethenes by Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4 Grown on Aromatic Substrates: Resting and Co-encapsulated Cell Kinetic Tests

Creator:: Saito, Alyssa M.
Abstract:: The cometabolic ability of Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4 grown on aromatic substrates was first assessed by resting suspended cells, and subsequently for cells encapsulated with and without slow release compounds (SRCs). In Chapter 3, benzyl alcohol was assessed as a food-grade growth substrate for promoting cometabolism of trichloroethene (TCE), via the...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: . ....................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 3.2 Kinetic degradation results of TCE by resting toluene grown B. vietnamiensis G4 (5

Cometabolism of 1,4-Dioxane and Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 and Coencapsulated with a Slow-Release Substrate in Microcosm and Column Studies

Creator:: Bealessio, Alisa D.
Abstract:: Mixtures of 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) are common and hazardous groundwater contaminants that can be challenging to address with traditional remediation strategies. Bioremediation through aerobic cometabolism has the potential to be an effective in-situ treatment strategy for these contaminants. Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ATCC 21198 is capable of...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: 4.7. Zero order degradation rates of VC, cis-DCE, 1,1-DCE,1,4D (A), and 1,1- DCE, 1,1,1 TCA, and TCE

Encapsulation of Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 in gellan gum at high densities and with a slow-release substrate for the in-situ bioremediation of contaminant mixtures from groundwater

Creator:: Williams, Gillian R.
Abstract:: As access to potable water grows scarce, there is an increasing reliance on alternative drinking water sources, namely groundwater (WHO, 2018). Chlorinated solvents, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) and 1,2-cis-Dichloroethene (cisDCE) are some of the most ubiquitous groundwater contaminants spread throughout the US. 1,4-dioxane (1,4D) was used primarily in the late...
Resource Type:: Honors College Thesis
Full Text:: Encapsulation of Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 in

Aerobic Cometabolism of 1,4-Dioxane and cis-Dichloroethylene by Gellan Gum and Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Beads Co-Encapsulated with Rhodococcus rhodochrous Strain ATCC 21198 and Slow-Release Growth Substrates: Batch, Column, and Toxicity Studies

Creator:: Conway, Sean P.
Abstract:: 1,4-Dioxane (dioxane) and cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE) are compounds commonly found in industrial cleaning and degreasing agents that are frequently present as groundwater contaminants. In an effort to develop a more effective treatment method for these compounds, hydrogel beads were fabricated with either gellan gum or a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: part of the anaerobic degradation pathway of perchloroethylene (PCE) and TCE. PCE and TCE are two of

Evaluation in a Physical Aquifer Model the Long-Term Performance of a Permeable Reactive Bio-Barrier Packed with Co-encapsulated Gellan Gum Beads for the Bioremediation of Chlorinated Compounds and Co-Contaminants

Creator:: Wortkoetter, Jacob
Abstract:: Chlorinated solvents are a class of widespread groundwater contaminants that are toxic, carcinogenic, and difficult to remediate at low concentrations. 1,4-dioxane, a suspected carcinogen, is often a co-contaminant found in mixtures of chlorinated solvent plumes. In-situ bioremediation methods of degrading these chemicals through aerobic cometabolism have shown promise. Permeable Reactive...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Jacob

Aerobic Cometabolism of cis-Dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, and 1,4-Dioxane by Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Beads that Co-Entrapped Rhodococcus rhodochrous Strain ATCC 21198 and Slow-Release Growth Substrates: Column Studies

Creator:: Bailey, Kestrel
Abstract:: CisCis-Dichloroethylene (ciscis-DCE), 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), and 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-D) are chlorinated solvents used as solvents and degreasers in industrial cleaning agents that have become common groundwater contaminants. To develop an effective treatment method for these compounds, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel beads were co-entrappcapsulated with Rhodococcus rhodochrous Strain ATCC...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Kestrel

Aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants : investigations of detection methods, bioremediation strategies, and toxicity impacts

Creator:: Huizenga, Juliana M.
Abstract:: Aromatic hydrocarbons represent a large class of environmental contaminants that have a broad range of structures, physicochemical properties, and toxicities. Arising from the burning of organic matter, particularly fossil fuels, they are both widespread and abundant in all environmental compartments. Both monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are...
Resource Type:: Dissertation
Full Text:: 21198, but at a slower rate compared to MTBE. This degradation was a combination of metabolic and

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