Reliable estimates of plant biomass and leaf surface area are essential for studying primary production, nutrient cycling, hydrology, wildlife management, and fire. This paper presents equations that can be used to make such estimates for most plant species-trees, shrubs, and herbs-dominant in western and central Oregon.' We also document the...
Growth was assessed for Douglasfir reproduction which had established naturally beneath three intensities of overstory thinning in a 65-year-old stand of Douglas-fir on the east side of the Oregon Coast Range. The age of advanced reproduction ranged from 4 to 15 years. Understory environments were described in terms of sunlight,...
The response of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) to two methods of site preparation for planting was compared. One site was cleared of mature brush by the "brown-crush-and-burn" method. The other was partially cleared by spraying with herbicides. Seedlings lifted and planted in December, January, February, and April were...
Stands of brush and tree species of low commercial value dominate many potentially productive forest lands in western Oregon. Site preparation to reduce competition from such vegetation will improve the success of reforestation efforts, as well as reduce the cost of controlling small mammals that destroy seeds and seedlings. Site...
Eight series of untreated posts (including five series of steel), 18 series of nonpressure-treated posts, and II series of pressure-treated posts remain in test at the Oregon State University post farm in western Oregon. So far all posts have failed in 36 untreated series, 33 nonpressure-treated series, and 2 pressure-treated...
Monitoring soil density on three sites during repeated trips with a high-speed skidder showed that: During the first 20 trips, soil density primarily increased between depths of 2 to 4 inches; Density increased most during the first few trips; Density continued to increase slowly in amount and depth with the...
A technique for solving efficiently the catenary problem encountered in surveying with tapes is presented. The theory of the catenary solution is outlined, and our technique is shown to solve correctly the catenary for all conditions. Analysis of error that compared the catenary correction to the more commonly used parabolic...
In recent years, a great deal of research in North America has been directed toward refining methods of assessing the load-carrying capability of skyline systems. Little effort has been directed, however, toward field measurement of cable tensions for skyline logging systems to facilitate initial tensioning of unloaded skylines or to...
Yarding delays add significantly to the time and cost required to obtain a given quantity
of timber. In this study, they increased total yarding time by as much as 28 percent. As yarding system complexity increases, the frequency of delays can also be expected to increase. For one balloon yarding...
Results reported here are from a large study designed to evaluate the effects of certain nursery procedures on subsequent survival of Douglas-fir seedlings. The effects of storage conditions and lifting dates were reported elsewhere (9). The determination of the optimum size of seedling for planting on different sites has been...
Energy is extremely important to all societies-but especially important to industrial societies. A characteristic of an industrial society is its enormous consumption of energy. Only in the past few years has there been a broad general concern about energy cost and supply. When petroleum prices increased by a factor of...
This bibliography lists selected references useful to the forester in managing young forests in the Douglas-fir region. The references pertain to those management activities that are carried on in the forest from stand regeneration until final harvest. Emphasis is on silvicultural, operational, and economic aspects of management, but social and...
Oregon white oak, Quercus garryana Dougl., could have greater commercial use, but information on its drying properties is lacking. All oaks are difficult to dry, and the initial kiln conditions are important to prevent excessive surface checking and honeycombing. This study illustrated that a maximum dry-bulb temperature of 110 F...
Urbanites who own forest land belong to a larger category of owners often referred to as small woodland owners. As a group, small woodland owners have been the subject of much investigation. Little research, however, has focused specifically on urban-dwelling owners who, as defined by the Census Bureau, live in...
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is one of the world's most important and valuable timber trees. Its natural distribution in North America resembles an inverted V with uneven sides. From the apex in British Columbia, the western half extends along the Pacific mountain ranges into California for about 2,200 km...
Among the many products of Oregon's forests are poles and piling. These products form the basis of an industry with distinctive manufacturing and marketing processes. Based on information collected through interviews with officials of the pole and piling industry, this report describes characteristics of the industry-its major markets, marketing procedures,...
Some of the world's most productive timberland lies on the slopes of the coastal range in Oregon and Washington. More than one-half of the commercial forest land in that area is estimated as high site quality for Douglas-fir, with a site index of 140 or better. But much of this...
The steadily increasing costs of raw materials, of the treated products, and of their replacement in service, as well as the steadily shrinking supply of preferred species, prompted a forum at Oregon State University on May 15, 1973 "to encourage the use of western hemlock and western fuss for poles...
Data collected from permanent sample plots at medium and high elevations in Oregon's coastal forest clearly indicate that snow damage adversely influences stand development. Sapling stands of western hemlock and Douglas-fir were subjected to severe snow damage above 1,000 feet in the early parts of 1965 and 1966 and above...
Douglas-fir seedlings were planted in 1963 near Burnt Woods, Oregon, on land covered with grass, salal, or bracken to test the effects of terracing on regeneration. After 9 years, survival was best (about 95 percent) among seedlings machine-planted along the centers of the terraces and was better on south than...
Fifteen large glued-laminated beams made from visually graded hem-fir lumber were designed, fabricated, and tested to failure in static bending. When tested, the beams had an average moisture content of 7.5 percent. The beams were 40 feet long, 5 1/8 inches wide and 24 inches deep. Before laminating, individual pieces...
Reforestation sometimes is delayed by planting seedlings that do not have high potential for survival. Several factors influence survival. Unstored Douglas-fir lifted and planted in early fall generally are increasingly harmed by moisture stress the farther south in the Douglas-fir region they are. Such early-lifted seedlings are harmed even more...
How much do we know about the environment of a tree seedling? How often are our
regeneration practices doing an effective job of improving habitat enough to make the
difference in forest establishment? Environmental research, and manipulation techniques, have
received intensive emphasis in recent years. Much is known about the...
During clearcut logging, complete removal of the forest canopy and the shade it provides
to small streams can cause large increases in water temperature. Such increases in temperature can be prevented if buffer strips of vegetation are left along the stream to provide shade. The purposes of this paper are...
Although the Douglas-fir region of the northwestern United States and British Columbia is frequently considered to have a common silviculture, obstacles to successful regeneration of the species range from competing vegetation and mammals on the mesic sites to extreme drought and heat on the xeric southerly exposures in northern California...
The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were studied. The seeds, of varieties glauca and menziesii, came from eight widely separated areas. Plants from both varieties made maximum growth with soil and air temperatures between 18 and 24...
The forest-products industries are most important to the state of Oregon. Oregon leads the nation in the production of plywood, lumber, and particle board. More than half of softwood plywood production in the United States came from Oregon at the time of this survey, and more than a fifth of...
This note was prepared to answer the questions most of ten asked by foresters concerned about the porcupine and its control. The literature was reviewed for information on the animal's life history and the extent of damage in other areas. Direct field work reported was done primarily near Medford, Oregon,...
"We describe a test procedure developed during growth room and field trials for which we processed hundreds of test lots of seedlings, mainly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), as well as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), noble fir (Abies...
Production rates, skidding costs, and soil disturbance were compared for two partial-cut units-one with preplanned skid trails and winching and one conventional unit-harvested with a Caterpillar D-7F. For the unit with preplanned skid trails and winching, production was 11 percent less, and skidding cost per unit volume was 29 percent...
This bibliography represents selected literature pertinent to interaction studies of vegetation-seedling competition in reforestation; it is not a complete review of the scientific literature.
"Control of competing vegetation during establishment is one of the key links in the chain of events leading to a new plantation and, ultimately, a productive forest resource. Experience has repeatedly shown that, without adequate site preparation, reforestation efforts almost inevitably will fail. Vegetation control during the establishment period by...
The Dwight L. Phipps State Forest Nursery at Elkton annually supplies 22 million 2-0
Douglas-fir seedlings to Oregon land managers. Some managers report excellent success in
planting, but others report failures, particularly when planting late in the season. In some
instances poor survival seemed to be related to storage.
Physiological...
Short-term heating of softwood veneer blocks temporarily softens the wood so that it can be peeled more readily. Heating reduces the depth of lathe checks and the likelihood of splitting and thereby increases the quality and quantity of veneer recovered. The softwood-plywood industry conventionally conditions blocks three ways: steaming blocks...
The authors describe a consistent and theoretically sound methodology for evaluating nonmarket uses of forest resources, particularly those associated with recreation. The analytical methodology is applied to a forest management unit. Present net worth of developed campgrounds and dispersed recreation activities on Oregon State Department of Forestry Lands in 1977...
The data included here were compiled for use in the 1980 Renewable Resources Planning Act Timber Assessment conducted by the U.S. Forest Service. They were used to develop structural equations and relationships comprising the 1980 Timber Assessment Market Model. These data series-covering U.S. demand, U.S. supply, and Canada-span 27 years...