Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Various methods have been used to estimate the amount of above ground forest biomass across landscapes and to create biomass maps for specific stands or pixels across ownership or project areas. Without an accurate estimation method, land managers might end up with incorrect biomass estimate maps, which could lead them...
One of the challenges often faced in forestry is the estimation of forest attributes for smaller areas of interest within a larger population. Small-area estimation (SAE) is a set of techniques well suited to estimation of forest attributes for small areas in which the existing sample size is small and...
Palms are an important component of tropical ecosystems, living alongside dicotyledonous trees, even though they have a very different growth pattern and vascular system. As monocots, vessels in palms are located within vascular bundles and, without a vascular cambium that many dicotyledonous trees possess, palms cannot add additional vessels to...
Tornadoes represent a unique natural hazard because of the very low probability of
occurrence, short warning times (on the order of only a few minutes), and the intense and
destructive forces imposed on engineered and non-engineered buildings. The very low-probability very high-consequence nature of a tornado strike makes designing for...
Accurately simulating gross primary productivity (GPP) in terrestrial ecosystem models is critical because errors in simulated GPP propagate through the model to introduce additional errors in simulated biomass and other fluxes. We evaluated simulated, daily average GPP from 26 models against estimated GPP at 39 eddy covariance flux tower sites...
In this study, triglycidylamine (TGA) was synthesized and evaluated as a crosslinking agent for soy flour (SF) for making five-ply plywood from yellow poplar. Glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE) and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TTE) were also investigated as crosslinking agents for SF as adhesive for plywood. The plywood panels bonded with...
The ability of selected plant extracts from wood and foliage to inhibit mold regrowth on fungal colonized wood was evaluated on Douglas-fir sapwood. Most foliage extracts produced some inhibition of Graphium or Trichoderma species, but isolations of other fungi increased following treatment. Five out of eight wood extracts produced 50%...
Post-thinning natural regeneration in the Pacific Northwest of USA was evaluated 13 years after thinning
50-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii) stands on a drier, interior
Coast Range site (McDonald) and 10 years after thinning 50- to 55-year-old Douglas-fir/western hemlock
(Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) stands on a moister,...
Sixteen sampling alternatives were examined for their performance to quantify selected attributes of overstory conifers in riparian areas of western Oregon. Each alternative was examined at eight headwater forest locations based on a 0.52 ha square stem maps. The alternatives were evaluated for selected stand attributes (trees per hectare, basal...
Although field-collected recordings typically contain multiple simultaneously vocalizing birds of different species, acoustic species classification in this setting has received little study so far. This work formulates the problem of classifying the set of species present in an audio recording using the multi-instance multi-label (MIML) framework for machine learning, and...
This article examines relationships between hunter specialization and activity substitutability. Data were obtained from a mail survey of 6,983 deer hunters in eight states and 2,584 elk hunters in three states. Activity substitutability was measured by asking what activity would provide the same satisfaction as deer or elk hunting. Between...
Harrya is described as a new genus of Boletaceae to accommodate Boletus chromapes,
a pink capped bolete with a finely scabrous stipe adorned with pink scabers, a chrome yellow
base, and a reddish brown spore deposit. Phylogenetic analyses of large subunit rDNA and
translation elongation factor 1α confirm Harrya as...
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing has demonstrated potential in measuring forest biomass. We assessed the ability of LiDAR to accurately estimate forest total above ground biomass (TAGB) on an individual stem basis in a conifer forest in the US Pacific Northwest region using three different computer software programs...
In recent years the “working landscape” concept has risen to prominence in popular, academic, and policy discourse surrounding conservation of both natural and cultural values in inhabited landscapes. Despite its implied reconciliation of commodity production and environmental protection, this concept remains contested terrain, masking tensions over land use practices and...
This paper presents a new Rock Share Estimation (RSE) procedure that can estimate the cost
of forest road construction. One of the key elements of the total cost in road construction is the
cost of embankment. The proportion of the rock directly influences the price of this activity.
Hence, a...
Droplet dynamics analysis concerns the measurements of droplet volume, cap and base areas and
contact angles, as they change in time to study evaporation, wettability, adhesion and other
surface phenomena and properties. In a typical procedure, the two-dimensional measurements
are based on a series of images recorded at successive stages...
Bacillus subtilis and essential oils have been explored separately for their ability to limit colonization by wood stain and mold fungi, but neither approach has been completely effective. One alternative strategy would be to combine the bacterial biocontrol with one or more natural products extracts. In this report, the ability...
As global climate changes over the next century, forest productivity is expected to change as well. Using PRISM climate and productivity data measured on a grid of 3356 plots, we developed a simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) model to estimate the impacts of climate change on potential productivity of Pacific Northwest (PNW)...
The ability of natural and synthetic hinokitiol, as well as a water soluble derivative (hinokitiol sodium salt), to protect wood against fungal attack was examined. Synthetic and natural hinokitiol provided similar protection. All three materials exhibited similar antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum on yellow poplar wafers at...
The most active phenolics in Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. residual bark were identified and evaluated following a chromatographic fractionation. Bark powder was defatted with hexane and crude extract (CE) was obtained by extraction with aqueous acetone (70%). A liquid partition with ethyl acetate was performed to produce an organic...
The inter-relationships among δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in tree ring cellulose and ring width have the potential to illuminate long-term physiological and environmental information in forest stands that have not been monitored. We examine how within-stand competition and environmental gradients affect ring widths and the stable isotopes of cellulose. We utilize...
• Premise of study: In the mixed evergreen forests in the western United States, Arbutus menziesii is able to quickly resprout following disturbance and, as such, act as a nurse tree during forest regeneration. The mechanism for this nurse tree effect has frequently been ascribed to mycorrhizal fungi, but no...
A fiber’s efficiency in a short-fiber composite can be accurately solved by shear-lag methods, which can account for fiber geometry, an imperfect interface (or interphase), and extend to low volume fractions. Such an analysis was used to evaluate the aspect ratio requirements for single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) in a polymeric composite...
Collaborative Regional Learning This document is part of a forest collaborative regional learning project on aspen restoration and social agreements. Thanks to all the individuals, collaborative groups, and organizations who provided feedback and suggestions. We appreciate the participation of members from: Blue Mountains Forest Partners, Deschutes Collaborative Forest Project, Harney...
Our ability to assess the continental impacts of woody encroachment remains compromised by the paucity of studies quantifying regional encroachment rates. This knowledge gap is especially apparent when it comes to quantifying the impact of woody encroachment on large-scale carbon dynamics. In this study, we use a combination of aerial...
Worldwide measurements of nearly 130C3 species covering all major plant functional types are analysed in conjunction with model simulations to determine the effects of mesophyll conductance (gm) on photosynthetic parameters and their relationships estimated from A/Ci curves. We find that an assumption of infinite gm results in up to 75%...
Solioccasus polychromus gen. & sp. nov., the most brightly colored hypogeous fungus known, is described from Papua New Guinea and tropical northern Australia south into subtropical forests along the Queensland coast and coastal mountains to near Brisbane. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data places it as a sister genus to Bothia...
Understanding canopy radiation regimes is critical to successfully modeling vegetation growth and function.
For instance, the vertical distribution of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) affects vegetation growth,
informative upon carbon and energy cycling. Availing upon advances in information capture and computing
power, geometrically explicit modeling of forest structure becomes increasingly possible....
Knowledge about the relationship between habitat structure and abundance of a target species
facilitates biodiversity conservation in managed forests. However, modeling the relationship
for infrequent small mammal species in silvicultural experiments introduces the challenge of
excessive zero counts and complex hierarchical sampling. A common solution has been to
ignore infrequent...
Bearing or compressive strength capacity perpendicular to the grain of timber beams is a troublesome issue. Not only do many different load cases occur in practice that are not covered by structural timber design codes but also these codes provide only a basic provision and vary throughout continents. Code design...
Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995-96, thus completing the park’s large predator guild. In the fall of 2010, approximately 15 years after wolf reintroduction, we sampled ten genera/species of berry-producing shrubs within 97 aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in the park’s northern ungulate winter range....
Dynamics of dead wood, a key component of forest structure, are not well described for mixed-severity fire regimes with widely varying fire intervals. A prominent form of such variation is when two stand-replacing fires occur in rapid succession, commonly termed an early-seral “reburn.” These events are thought to strongly influence...
It has been suggested that thinning trees and other fuel-reduction practices aimed at reducing the probability
of high-severity forest fire are consistent with efforts to keep carbon (C) sequestered in terrestrial pools, and
that such practices should therefore be rewarded rather than penalized in C-accounting schemes. By evaluating how fuel...
Canopy gaps created by tree mortality can affect the speed and trajectory of vegetation growth, species’ population dynamics, and spatial heterogeneity in mature forests. Most studies focus on plant development within gaps, yet gaps also affect the mortality and growth of surrounding trees, which influence shading and root encroachment into...
The management of federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region changed in early 1990s when the
Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) was adopted with the primary goal to protect old-growth forest and associated
species. A major decline in timber harvest followed, extending an earlier downward trend. The historic and...
We present a systems modeling approach to the development of a place-based ecohydrological model. The conceptual model is calibrated to a variety of existing observations, taken in watershed 10 (WS10) at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) in Oregon, USA, a long term ecological research (LTER) site with a long...
Gray wolves (Canis lupus) are the most socially polarizing species listed under the Endangered Species Act. Wildlife management practices at local, state, and federal levels include lethal control to resolve stakeholder and wolf conflicts as a last resort. There is little experimental evidence that lethal control is effective in this...
Current compression perpendicular-to-grain (C-perpendicular to) design values for wood members are based on mean stress obtained from ASTM D143 specimen. The standard ASTM test with metal on wood bearing has limited applicability in modern construction assemblies with C-perpendicular to loading scenarios. Previous work has shown that end-bearing conditions and wood-on-wood...
We investigated the effects of climate on the growth of red alder across a broad latitudinal gradient and over a wide range of growing conditions in the Pacific Northwest of North America (PNW). Data for this study came from a study established in 1988 that includes 31 research installations located...
Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors...
There are many reasons for building an alliance among agencies and citizens in forest and rangeland communities. In the big picture, the purpose is primarily to reach decisions that are objectively better. Essentially, the quality of decisions is improved by a multi-agency effort that includes a role for citizens and...
We conducted a comparative hazard assessment for 325,000 ha in a fire-prone area of southwest Oregon, USA. The landscape contains a variety of land ownerships, fire regimes, and management strategies. Our comparative hazard assessment evaluated the effects of two management strategies on crown fire potential and northern spotted owl (Strix...
Plant hydraulic architecture (PHA) has been linked to water transport sufficiency, photosynthetic rates, growth form and attendant carbon allocation. Despite its influence on traits central to conferring an overall competitive advantage in a given environment, few studies have examined whether key aspects of PHA are indicative of successional stage, especially...
Federal policies in the US strongly emphasize reducing hazardous fuels at the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI). However, these areas present restoration challenges as they often have exotic weeds, frequent human disturbance, and the presence of roads. Understanding seed banks is important in planning for desirable post-disturbance community conditions, developing integrated...