Coarse woody debris (CWD), represented by logs and snags >10 cm in diameter and >1 m in length, was sampled at eight sites in Russian boreal forests to determine the specific density of decay classes and decomposition rates. Tree species sampled included Abies siberica Ledeb., Betula pendula Roth., Betula costata...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Various methods have been used to estimate the amount of above ground forest biomass across landscapes and to create biomass maps for specific stands or pixels across ownership or project areas. Without an accurate estimation method, land managers might end up with incorrect biomass estimate maps, which could lead them...
One of the challenges often faced in forestry is the estimation of forest attributes for smaller areas of interest within a larger population. Small-area estimation (SAE) is a set of techniques well suited to estimation of forest attributes for small areas in which the existing sample size is small and...
Palms are an important component of tropical ecosystems, living alongside dicotyledonous trees, even though they have a very different growth pattern and vascular system. As monocots, vessels in palms are located within vascular bundles and, without a vascular cambium that many dicotyledonous trees possess, palms cannot add additional vessels to...
Tornadoes represent a unique natural hazard because of the very low probability of
occurrence, short warning times (on the order of only a few minutes), and the intense and
destructive forces imposed on engineered and non-engineered buildings. The very low-probability very high-consequence nature of a tornado strike makes designing for...
We have developed a method for determining the response of a static, partially ordered ensemble of molecules to various types of electromagnetic probes. In our formalism a physical model is constructued for the orientational distribution function, which is represented as a volume integral over a set of weighting functions. Procedures...
We have expanded on the results of an earlier paper [J. Chem. Phys. 72, 221 (1980)] which deals with a method for determining the response of a static, partially ordered ensemble of molecules to various types of electromagnetic probes. In this paper we consider types of spectroscopy whose response depends...
Accurately simulating gross primary productivity (GPP) in terrestrial ecosystem models is critical because errors in simulated GPP propagate through the model to introduce additional errors in simulated biomass and other fluxes. We evaluated simulated, daily average GPP from 26 models against estimated GPP at 39 eddy covariance flux tower sites...