We have expanded on the results of an earlier paper [J. Chem. Phys. 72, 221 (1980)] which deals with a method for determining the response of a static, partially ordered ensemble of molecules to various types of electromagnetic probes. In this paper we consider types of spectroscopy whose response depends...
We have developed a method for determining the response of a static, partially ordered ensemble of molecules to various types of electromagnetic probes. In our formalism a physical model is constructued for the orientational distribution function, which is represented as a volume integral over a set of weighting functions. Procedures...
Tornadoes represent a unique natural hazard because of the very low probability of
occurrence, short warning times (on the order of only a few minutes), and the intense and
destructive forces imposed on engineered and non-engineered buildings. The very low-probability very high-consequence nature of a tornado strike makes designing for...
A detailed cost analysis was performed on 111 U.S. Forest Service campgrounds in the Pacific Northwest (Region 6). Five experience levels were analyzed to estimate facility, operation and maintenance, and opportunity costs. Cost functions, estimated by multiple linear regression analysis to predict the effect of size (number of sites) and...
Palms are an important component of tropical ecosystems, living alongside dicotyledonous trees, even though they have a very different growth pattern and vascular system. As monocots, vessels in palms are located within vascular bundles and, without a vascular cambium that many dicotyledonous trees possess, palms cannot add additional vessels to...
One of the challenges often faced in forestry is the estimation of forest attributes for smaller areas of interest within a larger population. Small-area estimation (SAE) is a set of techniques well suited to estimation of forest attributes for small areas in which the existing sample size is small and...
Various methods have been used to estimate the amount of above ground forest biomass across landscapes and to create biomass maps for specific stands or pixels across ownership or project areas. Without an accurate estimation method, land managers might end up with incorrect biomass estimate maps, which could lead them...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Coarse woody debris (CWD), represented by logs and snags >10 cm in diameter and >1 m in length, was sampled at eight sites in Russian boreal forests to determine the specific density of decay classes and decomposition rates. Tree species sampled included Abies siberica Ledeb., Betula pendula Roth., Betula costata...
Historical forest harvesting practices were reviewed in the original Alsea Watershed Study where they found increased energy
loading to the stream and produced higher stream temperatures. This was an important early research site that led to the
development of contemporary forest management practices to protect water quality and fish habitat...
This case study describes in detail how to conduct a performance review of forest product industries. This case study uses the paper industry for illustration, but the principles and methods presented are such that you will be able to conduct a performance review in any industry.
The waving-wand system of broadcast chemical application implemented in swath widths to 40 ft (>12 m) is capable of simulating broadcast deposition patterns for herbicides similar to those delivered by helicopter. Drop sizes vary from center to edge of swaths, which can range from >1,000 to 5,000 microns (μ). Any...