Index Catalog // ScholarsArchive@OSU

Kiln schedules for Douglas fir and western hemlock dimension lumber

Creator:: Kozlik, Charles J. and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Dimension Lumber 425 B Charles J. Kozlik eport D-7 ecember 1963 Forest Products Research FOREST RESEARCH

FaSTMECH Modelling results for seven different flow levels in Oak Creek, Corvallis Oregon

Creator:: Segura, Catalina and Katz, Scott
Abstract:: These data set includes calibrated predictions of Depth, Velocity and Shear Stress for seven discharges (0.4 to 3.4m^3, equivalent to 0.12 Qbf to Qbf) at Oak Creek using the Flow and Sediment Transport with Morphological Evolution of Channels (FaSTMECH).
Resource Type:: Dataset

The soaking method for the preservative treatment of fence posts

Creator:: Graham, R. D. (Robert D.) and Oregon Forest Products Laboratory
Abstract:: Revises February 1950 Information Circular 4.
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: . Forest Products Laboratory. Revised 1953 Bonnicksen, L. W., Graham, R. D., and Huber M. 0. Pole-frame Cot

The soaking method for the preservative treatment of fence posts

Creator:: Graham, R. D. (Robert D.) and Oregon Forest Products Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Office, Washington 25, D. C., for 5 cents in coin.) Wirka, R. M Tire-tube Method of Fence Post Treatment

Interactions between sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate and Douglas-fir heartwood

Creator:: Miller, D. B. and Morrell, Jeffrey J.
Abstract:: Vapam(r) (NaMDC) is the fumigant most commonly used to arrest and control decay of utility poles. While volatile fungitoxins are detectable only 1 to 2 years after treatment, poles treated with Vapam(r) remain free of decay fungi for 6 to 17 years. Vapam(r) decomposes to produce volatile fungicides as well...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: , Corvallis, OR. GOODELL, B. S., AND R. D. GRAHAM. 1983. A survey of methods used to detect and control

Wood pole maintenance manual : inspection and supplemental treatment of douglas-fir and western redcedar poles

Creator:: Graham, R. D. (Robert D.), Helsing, Guy G., and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: D. Graham Guy G. Helsing FOREIT REIEARCH (AB merest research laboratory, ; oregon'state university

Utilization of western hemlock and western firs for poles and piles

Creator:: Ruppert, William J., Graham, R. D. (Robert D.), and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Abstract:: The steadily increasing costs of raw materials, of the treated products, and of their replacement in service, as well as the steadily shrinking supply of preferred species, prompted a forum at Oregon State University on May 15, 1973 "to encourage the use of western hemlock and western fuss for poles...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: and Western Firs for Poles and Piles W. J. Ruppert JUL 1974 R. D. Graham Ll y uPa vEhal TY Research

Inspecting and treating western redcedar and Douglas fir poles in service

Creator:: Graham, R. D. (Robert D.), Mothershead, J. S., and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: INSPECTING AND TREATING WESTERN REDCEDAR AND DOUGLAS FIR POLES IN SERVICE by R. D. Graham J. S. Mothershead

First-year performance of 1-0 containerized Douglas-fir seedlings on droughty sites in southwestern Oregon

Creator:: Hobbs, Stephen D., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Byars, R. H ., Henneman, D. C., and Frost, C. R.
Abstract:: The effects of artificial shading and aspect on the performance of 1-0 container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings were evaluated 1 year after outplanting on four different aspects in southwest Oregon. The test areas, all characterized by steep slopes and shallow, skeletal soils with a surface mantle of loose rock and logging slash,...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: SITES IN SOUTHWESTERN OREGON S. D. HOBBS R. H. BYARS D. C. HENNEMAN C. R. FROST OREGON SCHOOL OF

Bibliography of bark

Creator:: Ross, William D.
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Physiol. 8:349-374. Donoho, C. W., and Walker, D. R . 1960. Effect of Temperature on Certain Carbohydrate

Seedling and site interactions

Creator:: Hobbs, Stephen D.
Resource Type:: Part of Book
Full Text:: 114 Stephen D. Hobbs Introduction 115 The Seedling Environment

History of the development, use, and management of forest resources

Creator:: Walstad, John D.
Resource Type:: Part of Book
Full Text:: 26 John D. Walstad Introduction 27 Resource History

Safe use of preservatives and preservative-treated wood at home and on the farm : a guide for the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Morrell, Jeffrey J., Graham, R. D. (Robert D.), and Miller, D. J.
Resource Type:: Other
Full Text:: , Calif.; and R. Inwards, Osmose Wood Preserving, Inc., Buffalo, N.Y. for their helpful suggestions in the

Distribution and vitality of xylem rays in relation to tree leaf area in Douglas-fir

Creator:: Gartner, Barbara L., Baker, D. C., and Spicer, R.
Abstract:: The factors that determine sapwood width and volume in a tree are not known. This study asked whether sapwood width is related to a need for stem storage sites. Experiments were conducted on 12 34-year-old Douglas-fir [(Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] trees with a 6-7 fold range of leaf areas and...
Resource Type:: Article

Functional trade-offs in the limb bones of dogs selected for running versus fighting

Creator:: Kemp, T. J., Bachus, K. N., Nairn, J. A., and Carrier, D. R.
Abstract:: The physical demands of rapid and economical running differ from the demands of fighting in ways that may prevent the simultaneous evolution of optimal performance in these two behaviors. Here, we test an hypothesis of functional trade-off in limb bones by measuring mechanical properties of limb bones in two breeds...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: , K. N. Bachus2, J. A. Nairn3 and D. R. Carrier1,* 1Department of Biology, 2Department of Orthopaedics

Five steps to successful regeneration planning

Creator:: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Cleary, Brian D., and Kelpas, B. R.
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: , carefully evaluate ground surveys, information. UNIT NAME/NJ). 5L)CA CdE&K 00/Z T /2 5. R (0W. SEC /3

Designing skid trail systems to reduce soil impacts from tractive logging machines

Creator:: Froehlich, Henry A., Aulerich, D. E., and Curtis, R.
Abstract:: Logging on skid trails restricted to 10 percent or less of the harvested stand can reduce the area of compacted soil by at least two-thirds, In a comparative study, productivity of Douglas-fir logs per hour was just as great In an area with designated trails as In an adjacent area...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: . FROEHLICH D.E. AULERICH R. CURTIS ULU& FOREJI REJEARCH LAS SCHOOL OF FORESTRY OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY

Truth to Nature: The Art and Ecology of Hudson River School Painting

Creator:: Loeb, Harper
Abstract:: Beginning with the inception of American art history as a formal discipline in the 1940s, the dominant mode of interpreting nineteenth-century American landscape painting has been to view aspects of the landscape as symbols for grand cultural, religious, national, and moral narratives. While this method of interpretation highlights some key...
Resource Type:: Masters Thesis
Full Text:: Abstract approved: Dana R. Warren Peter Betjemann Beginning with the inception of

Marine wood maintenance manual : a guide for proper use of Douglas-fir in marine exposures

Creator:: Morrell, Jeffrey J., Helsing, Guy G., Graham, R. D. (Robert D.), and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Oregon State Unive (Grant R/CP-18) for providing financial port; John D. Lew, University of Cal Forest

Wood-metal corrosion : an annotated survey

Creator:: Graham, R. D. (Robert D.), Wilson, M. M., Oteng-Amoako, A., and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: 1 07 A45J' P1,.71 cop .7 COMPACT orrosion My R. D. Graham M. M. Wilson A. Oteng-Amoako Forest

Dynamics of water transport and storage in conifers studied with deuterium and heat tracing techniques

Creator:: Meinzer, Frederick C., Brooks, J. R., Domec, Jean-Christophe, Gartner, Barbara L., Warren, J. M., Woodruff, D. R., Bible, K., and Shaw, D. C.
Abstract:: The volume and complexity of their vascular systems make the dynamics of long‐distance water transport in large trees difficult to study. We used heat and deuterated water (D₂O) as tracers to characterize whole‐tree water transport and storage properties in individual trees belonging to the coniferous species Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco...
Resource Type:: Article

Modeling of metal-plate-connected wood truss joints: Part II - application to overall truss model

Creator:: Vatovec, M., Miller, T. H., Gupta, R., and Lewis, S.
Abstract:: A previously developed, three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element (FE) joint model and several two-dimensional (2-D), beam-element based FE models with different joint-stiffness assumptions (pinned, rigid, and semi-rigid) were used to analyze the full-scale behavior of a metal-plate-connected (MPC) wood scissors truss. The truss displacement and force results were investigated for sensitivity with...
Resource Type:: Article

Balloon logging with the pendulum-swing system -- factors affecting lift

Creator:: Olsen, Eldon D., Tuor, Brian R., Pyles, Marvin Russell, and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Authors Eldon D. Olsen is associate professor, Brian L. Tuor is in- structor, and Marvin R. Pyles is

Modeling of metal-plate-connected wood truss joints

Creator:: Vatovec, M., Miller, T. H., and Gupta, R.
Abstract:: A commercially available, three-dimensional finite-element analysis software was used to model the load-displacement behavior of metal-plate-connected (MPC) joints in wooden trusses. Model features included consideration of material properties, teeth-to-grain-to-direction-of-force orientation, wood-to-wood interaction, and gaps between wood members. To simulate wood-to-plate interaction, the main feature of the model, each tooth of...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: the model L-D output to the joint testing results. R Models. The element layout and loading

Increasing the productivity of a small yarder : crew size, skidder swinging, hot thinning

Creator:: Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Olsen, Eldon D., and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Abstract:: The production rates and costs of harvesting smallwood were determined for a small yarder (Koller K-300) operating under variable conditions: the size of the crew, the addition of a skidder to swing logs from the landing, and the type of harvest method-employed, either conventional or hot thinning (simultaneous felling and...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: PRODUCTIVITY OF A SMALL YARDER: CREW SIZE, SKIDDER SWINGING, HOT THINNING WREN D. KELLOGG ELDON D. OLSEN FORE

Relationship of specific gravity to moduli of rupture and elasticity in commercial hardboard, statistical supplement

Creator:: Hofstrand, A. D. (Arland Duane)
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: HARDBOL.RII ('r ', 'T''TP ' TTO1w... A. D. Hofstrand INTROI.UCTICN Statistics is a scientific tool to aid

Oregon State Forester ; Vol. 20, No. 1 (January 1967)

Creator:: OSU Oregon Forestry Alumni Association
Abstract:: Magazine of the OSU Oregon Forestry Alumni Association.
Resource Type:: Other
Full Text:: exemplify the many admirable traits which made Casey R a ndall a man to be remembcr~d:" Page Four

Production and costs of cut-to-length thinning : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project

Creator:: Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Spong, Ben, and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Abstract:: Young Douglas-fir stands were commercially thinned to achieve vegetation- and wildlife-related objectives. Harvesting and forwarding production and costs were compared among three mechanized thinning treatments: light thin [(115 residual trees per acre (tpa)], light thin with 0.5-ac openings (92 residual tpa), and heavy thin (53 residual tpa). The sites were...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: RC 44 cov.indd D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 4 R e s e a r c h C o n

Machines and techniques for skyline yarding of smallwood

Creator:: Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Abstract:: Research on skyline machines and techniques currently available for yarding smallwood is reviewed. Three categories of machines are discussed: used yarders (with a low initial cost) adaptable to smallwood, new and versatile yarders (with a high Initial cost) manufactured in the United States, and new, foreign-built yarders (with a low...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: AND TECHNIQUES FOR SKYLINE YARDING OF SMALLWOOD L.D. KELLOGG L__j FOR R ARCH LAS i[ CHOOL OF

Mechanized felling in the Pacific Northwest : existing and future technology

Creator:: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), and Brink, Michael
Resource Type:: Other
Full Text:: December 1992 Mechanized Felling in the Pacific Northwest: Existing and Future Technology Loren D

Aerial photo-mensuration tables

Creator:: Dilworth, J. R. (John Richard), 1914-
Abstract:: Aerial photo cruising that can be accomplished quickly, cheaply and with a satisfactory degree of accuracy has been the goal of many forest mensurationists throughout the world. As early as 1925, photo cruising was accomplished successfully by Professor R. Hugershoff and his associates in Germany. The development of this technique...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: 222 256 296 331 378 Developed from Table No. 12 in U. S. D. A. Tech. Bull. No. 201 by R. E. McArdle

High diversity and widespread occurrence of mitotic spore mats in ectomycorrhizal Pezizales

Creator:: Healy, R. A., Smith, M. E., Bonito, G. M., Pfister, D. H., Ge, Z-W., Guevara, G. G., Williams, G., Stafford, K., Kumar, L., Lee, T., Hobart, C., Trappe, J., Vilgalys, R., and McLaughlin, D. J.
Abstract:: Fungal mitospores may function as dispersal units and/ or spermatia, and thus play a role in distribution and/or mating of species that produce them. Mitospore production in ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Pezizales is rarely reported, but here we document mitospore production by a high diversity of EcM Pezizales on three continents, in...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: K 3 , Kumar L 1 , Lee T 1 , Hobart C 7 , Trappe J 8 , Vilgalys R 3 , McLaughlin DJ 1 4 1

Applying the dual-isotope conceptual model to interpret physiological trends under uncontrolled conditions

Creator:: Barnard, H. R., Brooks, J. R., and Bond, B. J.
Abstract:: The inter-relationships among δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in tree ring cellulose and ring width have the potential to illuminate long-term physiological and environmental information in forest stands that have not been monitored. We examine how within-stand competition and environmental gradients affect ring widths and the stable isotopes of cellulose. We utilize...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from Tree Physiology Volume 32, 2012 (A/gs

Analysis of metal-plate-connected wood trusses with semi-rigid joints

Creator:: Gupta, R., Gebremedhin, K. G., and Cook, J. R.
Abstract:: Metal-plate-connected wood trusses with semi-rigid joints were investigated by the matrix method of structural analysis. The element-stiffness matrix and fixed-end forces of an individual member with one or both ends semi-rigid were derived as modifications of the idealized cases. The case of unequal elastic connections at two ends of a...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: deflection at the j-end: d i = ( - q L 4 / 8 E I ) - ( q L 3 / 2 S R ) (5) Rotation at the j-end of the

Effect of growth ring orientation and placement of earlywood and latewood on moe and mor of very-small clear Douglas-fir beams

Creator:: Grotta, A. T., Leichti, R. J., Gartner, Barbara L., and Johnson, G. R.
Abstract:: ASTM standard sizes for bending tests (either 50 × 50 mm or 25 × 25 mm in cross-section) are not always suitable for research purposes that characterize smaller sections of wood. Moreover, the ASTM standards specify loading the sample on the longitudinal-tangential surface. If specimens are small enough, then the...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: R. D. Wolfinger. 1996. SAS® System for Mixed Models. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 633 pp. Panshin

Skyline thinning a western hemlock-Sitka spruce stand : harvesting costs and stand damage

Creator:: Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Olsen, Eldon D., Hargrave, Michael A., and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Damage Loren D. Kellogg Eldon D. Olsen Michael A. Hargrave ii I College of Forestry lei Oregon State

Skyline thinning production and costs : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project

Creator:: Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Miller, Mark E., Olsen, Eldon D., and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Abstract:: Production rates and costs for skyline harvesting were examined over a range of residual thinning intensities, operational methods, and sites. The sites included three stands of 40- to 50-yr-old Douglas-fir on the Willamette National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Three silvicultural treatments were studied at two sites, and...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: : EXPERIENCE FROM THE WILLAMETTE YOUNG STAND PROJECT By Loren D Kellogg Mark Miller, Jr Eldon D Olsen

Nutritional Quality of Douglas-fir Wood: Effect of Vertical and Horizontal Position on Nutrient Levels

Creator:: Schowalter, Timothy D. and Morrell, Jeffrey J.
Abstract:: The chemical composition of the boles of 14 Douglas-fir trees growing in the central Willamette Valley of western Oregon was examined to determine whether differences in various chemical component levels might help to explain arthropod or microbial colonization patterns. Levels of nearly all cations as well as N and P...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: , Logan UT. MITCHELL, A. K.. H. J. BARCLAY, H. BRIX, D. E W. POL- LARD, R. BENTON, A N 0 R. DBJONG

Effects of stand density on the growth of young Douglas-fir trees

Creator:: Woodruff, David R., Bond, Barbara J., Ritchie, Gary A., and Scott, William
Abstract:: The objectives of this study were (i) to provide further evidence of a positive correlation of stand density with early growth of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii); (ii) to determine when after planting the positive growth response occurs and how long it lasts; and (iii) to use...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: . 1520. Scott, W., Meade, R., Leon, R., Hyink, D., and Miller, R. 1998. Planting density and tree-size

Landscape characteristics and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) distributions: explaining abundance versus occupancy

Creator:: Steel, E. A., Jensen, D. W., Burnett, K. M., Christiansen, K., Firman, J. C., Feist, B. E., Anlauf, K. J., and Larsen, D. P.
Abstract:: Distribution of fishes, both occupancy and abundance, is often correlated with landscape-scale characteristics (e.g., geology, climate, and human disturbance). Understanding these relationships is essential for effective conservation of depressed populations. We used landscape characteristics to explain the distribution of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon Plan data set, one...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: oa de d fr om w w w .n rc re se ar ch pr es s. co m b y O R E G O N S T A T E U

Voluntary Environmental Programs at an Alpine Ski Area: Visitor Perceptions, Attachment, Value Orientations, and Specialization

Creator:: Needham, Mark D. and Little, Christopher M.
Abstract:: This article examines visitor perceptions of voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) at the Mt. Bachelor ski area in Oregon, USA by examining what they know about VEPs, how these programs influence motivations to visit this area currently and in the future, and how place attachment, value orientations, and specialization influence these...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: : Visitor Perceptions, Attachment, Value Orientations, and Specialization Mark D. Needham

Accuracy and suitability of selected sampling methods within conifer dominated riparian zones

Creator:: Marquardt, Theresa, Temesgen, Hailemariam, and Anderson, Paul D.
Abstract:: Sixteen sampling alternatives were examined for their performance to quantify selected attributes of overstory conifers in riparian areas of western Oregon. Each alternative was examined at eight headwater forest locations based on a 0.52 ha square stem maps. The alternatives were evaluated for selected stand attributes (trees per hectare, basal...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: methods within conifer dominated riparian zones A d T a b c a A R R A K P S S M D 1 o i b ( M s

Factors related to variation of specific gravity in young-growth Douglas fir

Creator:: McKimmy, Milford D. and Oregon Forest Research Center
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: of areas for sampling and collection of speci- mens; to Dr. J. R. Stillinger and his associates at

Activity Substitutability and Degree of Specialization among Deer and Elk Hunters in Multiple States

Creator:: Needham, Mark D. and Vaske, Jerry J.
Abstract:: This article examines relationships between hunter specialization and activity substitutability. Data were obtained from a mail survey of 6,983 deer hunters in eight states and 2,584 elk hunters in three states. Activity substitutability was measured by asking what activity would provide the same satisfaction as deer or elk hunting. Between...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: , CA: Sage. Choi, S., Loomis, D., & Ditton, R. (1994). Effect of social group, activity, and

Strength and related properties of Douglas fir from mill samples

Creator:: Snodgrass, James D. and Noskowiak, Arthur F.
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Properties Jlas Fir from Mill Samples James D. Snodgrass Arthur F. Noskowiak u etin 10 May 1968 rest

The seasoning of Oregon hardwoods

Creator:: Espenas, Leif D. and Oregon Forest Products Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: of Oregon Hardwoods By Leif D. Espenas 4 OREGON FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY State Board of

Practical methodology for operational layout of commercial skyline thinning systems

Creator:: Cornell, Jennie L., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Abstract:: On-the-ground harvest unit layout, especially in skyline-thinning operations, is critical to meeting multiple resource objectives of the land manager and maintaining the economic viability of the timber harvesting operator. This phase of an operation can optimize the layout and harvesting of a sale or unit. Detailed layout by a knowledgeable...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Ap pa re nt H ills lo pe (% ) M in um um S lo pe D is ta nc e to A nc ho r ( ft

Utilization of Oregon hardwoods

Creator:: Robinson, Dan D. and Oregon Forest Products Laboratory
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: Oregon Hardwoods By Dan D. Robinson Oregon Foresl Products Laboratory OREGON STATE COLLEGE Corvallis

Tractor thinning productivity and costs : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project

Creator:: Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Davis, Chad T. (Chad Thomas), and Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory
Abstract:: Harvesting productivity rates and costs were determined for three silvicultural treatments used in commercial ground-based thinning of young stands to achieve timber management objectives and enhance wildlife habitat. Treatment definitions were based on residual trees per acre (tpa) after thinning. The treatments were light thin (115 residual tpa), light thin...
Resource Type:: Technical Report
Full Text:: N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 6 R e s e a r c h C o n t r i b u t

Reduction in carbon uptake during turn of the century drought in western North America

Creator:: Schwalm, Christopher R., Williams, Christopher A., Schaefer, Kevin, Baldocchi, Dennis D., Black, T. Andrew, Goldstein, Allen H., Law, Beverly E., Oechel, Walter C., Paw U, Kyaw Tha, and Scott, Russel L.
Abstract:: Fossil fuel emissions aside, temperate North America is a net sink of carbon dioxide at present¹⁻³. Year-to-year variations in this carbon sink are linked to variations in hydroclimate that affect net ecosystem productivity³,⁴. The severity and incidence of climatic extremes, including drought, have increased as a result of climate warming⁵⁻⁸....
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: Pacific Northwest California C ro p yi el d (P g C y r¬ 1 ) Figure 2 | Basin runoff and crop

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