One means of evaluating the temperature requirements of an
animal is to determine changes temperature causes in the uses and
losses of energy and materials in the food the animal consumes. To
develop energy budgets for cichlids (Cichlasoma bimaculatum) at different
temperatures (20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 C) data...
The effects of three levels of dissolved oxygen (8, 5 and 3 mg/l)
upon the feeding, growth and bioenergetics of juvenile coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were determined in laboratory
studies. Experiments with individual fish were conducted during the
summer, fall and spring to measure rates of food consumption,
standard...
The effects of discharged sewage on physico-chemical conditions
and the distribution and abundance of marine benthic animals were
studied in Shilshole Bay, a part of Puget Sound, off Seattle,
Washington. For over 50 years prior to 1965, when this study was
initiated, 87,300 pounds (32,400 pounds BOD) per day of...
The goal of this study was to better understand stream communities through a perspective that might make their structure, organization, and development more understandable. This goal was approached
through the following objectives:
1. To determine the assemblages of stream organisms and define subsystems within a stream community.
2. To explain...
A framework is presented for a more causal explanation and ordering of stream characteristics than traditional means have used. Patterns of stream habitat distribution are related to particular characteristics of the geomorphology of watersheds. Variability in stream characteristics can be explained by the spatial distribution of properties of the watershed...
Traditional approaches to research and management of striped
bass have tended to be mechanistic, numerically oriented, and
based on limited life history information. In the study
presented here, comprehensive conceptual perspective was used
in a multivariate study of life history and evolutionary
adaptation of 10 striped bass populations representing the...
Atlantic menhaden, compared to gulf menhaden, exhibit
a life history pattern that appears to be adapted to a more
unpredictable reproductive environment. From experiments
on laboratory-reared eggs and larvae, Atlantic menhaden have
larger eggs with larger yolk volume. They are larger at
hatching, utilize their yolk faster, begin feeding at...
A hierarchical classification system of Iceland's
watersheds and rivers is presented. The classification
is based on Iceland's substrate, climate, water, biota,
and human cultural influences. The geological formations
of Iceland are very different in character depending on
their age and formation history. Three major types of
formations occur: Tertiary, Plio-Pleistocene,...
An approach to understanding and managing anadromous salmon, steelhead,
and sea-run cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) based on life history and
evolutionary adaptive capacities of species and stocks is presented. Species, stocks,
and local populations are viewed as systems that are continuously adapting to
changing environmental conditions. They have the potential...