The epidermis of the brook lamprey, Lampetra planers
(Bloch), has been examined with histological and histochemical
techniques and the fine structure of the fibrillar
club cells has been studied with electron microscopy.
In histological structure the epidermis was found to
correspond to the observations of earlier workers. The
stratified epidermis...
During the spring of 1963 and 1964 an investigation of a small
mammal community was made in McDonald Forest, near Corvallis, Oregon.
The revised North American Census of Small Mammals procedure was
used, and from this census the species composition of the community
was determined. The relationships of several genera...
This study deals with the patterns of development and distribution
of connective tissue fibers in the placentae and adnexa of the golden
hamster (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse). The placentae and
adnexa representing all days of gestation from six to term were
stained for the presence of collagen, reticulin, and elastin. Additionally,...
Tissue obtained by punch biopsy from the antebrachial organ of
Lemur catta has been studied with the electron microscope. This study
describes the fine structure of the interstitial cells found between
apocrine sweat glands in the antebrachial organ. These large polygonal
cells are of three types: light cells, dark cells,...
The morphology and taxonomic use of the reproductive tracts of some of the Pacific Northwest Pulmonates were studied. The snails examined were, Monadenia fidelis (Gray), Vespericola columbiana (Lea), Allogona townsendiana (Lea), Haplotrema sportella (Gould), and Haplotrema vancouverense (Lea). The length of the reproductive tracts of nine or more individuals of...
Bluegill sunfish, Lepomia macrochirus, and cutthroat trout,
Salmo clarki, were exposed to a rapidly declining oxygen tension
for a period of time sufficient to just cause loss of equilibrium in
the fish. During recovery from the stress, measurements of
oxygen uptake, blood lactic acid, blood glucose, liver glycogen,
muscle glycogen,...
The fish of Suttle Lake, Oregon, have been found to harbor
an acanthocephalan parasite, which lives attached to the mucosa of
the intestine. Between July 1961 and January 1963, several hundred of
these fish were exarnined and nearly every one was infected
with this parasite, which was identified as Neochinorhynchus...
The Tailed Frog Ascaphus truei, the only species in the
family Ascaphidae found outside New Zealand, is a common inhabitant
of the mountain streams of the Northwestern United States and
British Columbia. The anatomical peculiarities of this primitive
anuran have been investigated, but no literature is available on the
digenetic...
The effects of estrogen treatment on uterine weight, uterine
nucleic acid content and adrenal weight were studied. Daily doses
of 0.05μg or 0.1 μg of Estradiol 17-β were administered subcutaneously
to seven day castrated female rats for periods varying
from 0 to 168 days. After two days of treatment uterine...
The present study was undertaken to determine, by measurement
of nuclear DNA, the degrees and frequencies of ploidy in the
last larval instar of the moth Galleria mellonella Linnaeus. While
such data have been amassed for a wide variety of vertebrate tissues,
few studies have been concerned with invertebrates and...
This study deals with the autoradiographic analysis, using a
DNA precursor (tritiated thymidine), of the trophoblastic giant cells
in the placentae of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse),
beginning with the sixth day of gestation and extending to term
on day sixteen. Both the percent of labelled cells in the...
The object of this study was to investigate the possibilities
of tracing aggregational behavior among Bufo boreas boreas
larvae with reference to tadpole development, and to attempt to determine
what aggregational factors initiate and maintain this behavior.
Additionally, an attempt was made to determine the significance
of temperature as an...
The purpose of this study was to record on tape and to
analyze the sonagrams of the complete repertoire of the vocalizations of the Rufous-sided Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus
oregonus. Meanings were assigned to a number of the calls.
Sounds of nestlings, juveniles, and vocalizations connected with
parental care were not...
In recent years, studies dealing with temperature regulation,
temperature sensitivity, and physiological responses to temperature
in lizards and other reptiles have increased tremendously. It is
notable that snakes have been largely ignored in such studies. This
no doubt is due to their less direct relationship to ancestral endotherms.
However, problems...
Cardicola alseae is a blood dwelling trematode found in the
fishes Salmo clarki henshawi and Salmo gairdneri gairdneri. Eggs
which were ovoid in shape and non-operculate left the adult and passed
to the gill capillaries of the secondary lamellae. The miracidium was
ovoid, 0.070 mm. long by 0.052 mm. wide,...
The investigation was conducted from January 1965 to March
1966. An intensive effort was made to obtain large numbers of animals,
as it is believed that unavailability of specimens has been the
limiting factor in the amount of research concerning this species.
Two hundred and sixty-nine animals were collected. They...
The ecology of a population of snowshoe hares, Lepus
americanus washingtonii, was studied in western Oregon from 1960
to 1962. Objectives were to obtain information to control hares,
which frequently cause damage to coniferous reproduction in the
region, and to compare the life history of this little-studied subspecies
with others....
The object of this study was to investigate the possibilities
of inducing superovulation in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)
by establishing the optimum dosage of pregnant mares' serum (PMS)
to produce a maximum ovulatory response, and to compare chinchilla
with other animals in this respect. Non-pregnant female chinchillas
were given a...
Gonatus fabricii (Lichtenstein, 1818), G. magister Berry,
1913, G. anonychus Pearcy and Voss, 1963, and Gonatopsis borealis
Sasaki, 1923 (Gonatidae) are squid forming a major portion of the
cephalopod fauna found off the Oregon coast. A study was undertaken
to determine the morphological differences among the four species
of squid....
Newborn rats exhibit a torporous response to cold stress at 2°C
from which they revive after several hours exposure even though
respiratory, cardiovascular, and muscular movements have ceased.
At less severe temperatures (20 to 25°C) the rats respond with a non-torporous
decrease in metabolic and physiologic activity and a lowering...
Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii is a strongly migratory race
of white-crowned sparrow that exhibits a marked deposition of fat
during the vernal migratory period. The physiological basis for fat deposition is a positive energy balance which results from a photo-periodically induced hyperphagia. Simultaneously with the increased
caloric intake there is an...
Rat luteal cells from functional and non-functional
corpora lutea (corpora lutea rendered non-functional by
hypophysectomy) were preserved for light and electron
microscopy in Bouin's and glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation
respectively. Material for electron microscopy was dehydrated
with ethanol, embedded in Araldite and stained
with lead hydroxide or uranyl acetate-lead citrate. Examination
of...
Description of anuran larvae with the use of staging tables is
a common practice in the study of frog life-histories, but there has
been no previous description or table of Ascaphus larvae. In comparing
Ascaphus larvae to a simplified staging table for anurans it
was found that these larvae vary...
The frequency of exchanges was measured in a reversed
acrocentric compound X chromosome that is deficient for interstitial
heterochromatin. Previous studies on similar chromosomes
containing interstitial heterochromatin have demonstrated a very
low frequency of single exchanges, and high frequencies of the
double and no exchange classes. It has been postulated...
The cuticle of the cercaria of Acanthatrium oregonense was
studied by means of electron microscopy and histochemistry. The
integument of this cercaria has a definite ultrastructure which
varies in different regions of the body. The body cuticle is a
syncytium containing vesicles and mitochondria. It is bounded
externally by a...
Weight-specific oxygen consumption of intact bluegill sunfish
was estimated in relation to body weight and temperature by the
sealed jar method. The relationship between body weight and weight-specific oxygen consumption was represented by the equation: Y = aX[superscript b]⁻¹ in which Y is the weight-specific oxygen consumption, expressed
as cc/kg/hr,...
The radiorespirometric method was used to study the catabolism
of glucose in intermolt crayfish. Rapid and extensive conversion
of C-3(4) of glucose to C¹⁴O₂ indicated that a significant
portion of the administered glucose was routed into the glycolysis-
Krebs cycle sequence. High yields of C-6 of glucose in the respiratory...
The effects of coumestrol on the uterine weight, uterine fluid
imbibition, uterine nucleic acid content, adrenal weight and body
weight of female rats were studied. Daily doses of 20 micrograms
of coumestrol per 0.1cc propylene glycol were administered subcutaneously
to spayed rats following a seven day recovery period,
for durations...
The embryonic and larval stages of the long-toed salamander,
Ambystoma macrodactylum are described from fertilization through
the development of five toes on the posterior limbs. New stage numbers
are employed in the description of the hind limb.
The eggs used in the study were obtained by the injection of
pituitary...
The 13 species of shrimps studied for this thesis were collected
off the Oregon coast. The family Oplophoridae is well represented
in this area. Five of the seven known genera were identified.
Hymenodora frontalis, H. glacialis, and H. gracilis were described
and further differentiating characters were illustrated. Other members
of...
In freshwater the crayfish, Pacifasticus leniusculus, maintains
sodium balance by absorbing sodium against a large concentration
gradient. The site of uptake is the gills. The rate of uptake is
regulated and can be increased by depleting the animals of sodium
Neither the mechanism of sodium transport or the regulatory mechanism...
Experimental crosses between Rana pretiosa pretiosa Baird
and Girard and Rana cascadae Slater, resulted in viable hybrids.
Reciprocal differences at the time of fertilization are indicated. A
high level of success in producing viable hybrids can be obtained if
Rana pretiosa pretiosa is the female of the parent species, The...
A comparative study was made of the morphology and histology of
three major groups of light organs in the genus Lampanyctus of the
family Myctophidae for the species, L. leucopsarus, L. ritteri,
L. nannochir, and L. regalis. The species can be divided according
to their ranges in depth, the first...
The distributions of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase,
non-specific esterases, and glycogen were described for the antennal
glands of the freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus, and the marine crabs
Cancer and Pugettia.
Alkaline phosphatase is confined primarily to the luminal edge
of the labyrinth in all of the above forms whereas acid phosphatase...
Electron microscopic, histochemical and thin-layer chromatographic
techniques have been used to study some cytological changes
associated with seasonal lipid deposition in the liver of Ascaphus.
Histochemical and chromatographic information has shown that unsaturated triglycerides occur in great quantities in the liver of pre-ovulatory females and may serve as a solvent...
Callistoma costatum and Tegula funebralis, marine intertidal
snails from low and high littoral zones respectively, were exposed to
air for two, six and twelve hour periods, during which time their
oxygen consumption rates were measured. The animals were then
immersed in sea water and their respiration rates recorded for a...
With a growing emphasis on details of behavior comes an increasing
need for knowledge of natural behavior patterns. Studies
on the life history of Peromyscus maniculatus have long been available
in the literature. More recently, investigators have turned to
analyzing the behavior of some of the subspecies of P.m. in...
This study deals with the histochemistry of the
changing patterns of glycogen in the uterus and extra-embryonic membranes of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus
auratus Waterhouse). The uterus and extra-embryonic
membranes of the golden hamster representing days of
gestation from six to term were stained with periodic
acid-Schiff and Best's carmine....
Temperature effects on osmoregulation were studied in larval
Ambystoma gracile. There was a pronounced effect on the osmotic
uptake of water through the skin. The rates at 5°C, 15°C and 25°C
were respectively 0.03 ml/hr., 0.1 ml/hr. and 0.2 ml/hr. for a
10g animal. The Q₁₀'s for these changes in...
Primary monolayer cultures of chick renal epithelial cells
grown on plastic coverslips were reversibly dissociated with the
chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The cellular
responses during dissociation and reaggregation in Hank's balanced
salt solution (BSS) were observed with phase optics and recorded
by time-lapse cinemicrography.
The epithelial cells grow as...
The histopathological and histochemical effects on the snail
Oxytrema siliqua, caused by the larvae of Nanophyetus salmincola,
have been studied. The parasite causes damage to the organ by increased
pressure, active ingestion of the hepatic tubules, and by
the increased burden placed upon the snail in disposing of the waste...
Development of the posterior crossvein in crossveinless-like
strains of Drosophila melanogaster can be influenced by high temperature
shocks at specific times in pupal development.
Three sensitive periods were detected in age response studies
on Ona X, Ona II, 5-hi III; crossvein restoration at 14 hours in
pupal development, a crossvein...
Four species of sponge from the coasts of Oregon and Washington
were studied and dissected for inhabitants and associates.
All four species differed in texture, composition, and habitat, and
likewise, the populations of associates of each species differed,
even when samples of two of these species were found adjacent to...
In the field of herpetology, most studies of homing have been
carried out with anurans and, to a lesser degree, reptiles. Studies
of orientation and navigation in urodeles have been limited to a few
brief notes and the extensive investigation of Taricha rivularis by
Twitty (1959 and 1964).
The rough-skinned...
There are essentially no publications dealing with the skin toxin
of Taricha granulosa. This study has undertaken investigations with
this toxin in an attempt to determine its potency and its effect on the
newt's potential predators.
Test solutions were made by macerating a known volume of newt
skin in a...
Developing sea urchin eggs (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus),
reared at 15° C, were subjected to single 15-minute treatments with
disodium versenate in calcium-free sea water, applied at 10-minute
intervals, from 4 minutes after insemination to the second cleavage.
These versene pulses produced specific degrees of retardation in
the mitotic process and delayed...
By salt depleting the animals or by injecting them with
aldosterone, I was able to increase the active transport of sodium
across the isolated skin. The potential difference was increased
by 37% and 43% respectively and the net sodium flux by 69% and
62%. Exposure of frogs to 50 mM...
The spermiogenesis of Mytilus edulis (a marine mussel) has
been studied, employing techniques of light and electron microscopy
and cytochemical preparations. The observations trace the development
of the acrosomal complex, the nucleus, the mitochondrial
middle-piece, and the flagellum.
In early spermatids numerous membrane-bounded proacrosomal
vesicles arise from several Golgi complexes...
The presence of the etiologic agent of "salmon poisoning"
disease, Neorickettsia helminthoeca, was demonstrated in eggs of
the trematode vector, Nanophyetus salmincola. Three dogs were
given 100,000 and one dog 82,000 ground fluke eggs by intraperitoneal
injection. The four animals developed "salmon poisoning"
disease and died. One of these dogs...
SH 714 (1, 2-alpha-methylene-6-chloro-delta-4, 6-17-alphahydroxyprogesterone
acetate) synthesized by Schering AG is an highly
antiandrogenic, nonestrogenic compound. The present investigation
was undertaken to determine the compound's effect upon the cell
associations of the germinal epithelium in the mature rat. From germinal epithelium for this dosage level of SH 714 was exhibited...
The gills of an Oregon crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana,
were examined with histological and histochemical techniques and
their fine structure was investigated by electron microscopy. Special
attention was given to the structural basis of active ion uptake.
The histology of these gills was the same as that of other crayfish...
Oögenesis in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
was studied by histological methods and by histochemical techniques
for polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids Urchins were
collected at Yaquina Head, Oregon at regular intervals between
April 1966 and March 1967. An attempt was made to correlate
seasonal variations in the coastal water...
The host fish for this study were collected from January
through June of 1965. Tidepools were selected at Bar View, Cape
Arago, Neptune State Park, Seal Rock, and Yaquina Head. Of the
187 fish examined, 132 were infected. The following host fishes
yielded the following parasites. New Host records are...
The female Philometra americana Ekbaum, 1933 is a common
subcutaneous parasite of the starry flounder, Platichthyes stellatus (Pallas) of Yaquina Bay, Lincoln County, Oregon. Maturation of this
worm produces noticeable red cysts subcutaneously between the fin
and tail rays and similarly on the operculum. The gravid female
penetrates the epidermis...
The anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica varies in color from
bright green to muddy brown. However, individuals found in caves
are white. White specimens of Anthopleura xanthogrammica collected
from dark caves along the Oregon coast were subjected to various
experiments to determine if these cave dwelling animals carried any
cells of the...
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (220-240 g) were ovariectomized
and seven days later were either treated as controls or received a
single injection of either 0.1 μg, 100 μg, or 2 mg of estradiol-17β dissolved in 0.1 cc propylene glycol. These rats were autopsied
either 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, or 72...
Lymnea columella snails were exposed to 3-5 newly emerged
Fasciola hepatica miracidia. The procedure insured 75-100 percent
infection of the host. Groups of 40 each exposed snails were placed
in controlled temperature containers and maintained at the following
series of temperatures: 8°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, and 35° C. Two...
The integumental histology of Taricha granulosa (Skilton) has
been investigated with special attention being given to the seasonal
variations associated with terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
The epidermis consists of a stratified squamous epithelium,
four to seven cell layers thick, with one to two layers being cornified.
The dermis is composed...
The patterns of cell proliferation in the choroid plexuses of
embryonic and post-natal hamsters were studied by means of auto-radiography
(H³-thymidine). In addition, the PAS technique was
used to determine the times of first appearance, relative amounts,
location, and times of disappearance of glycogen free the plexuses.
Many mitotic figures...