The EU FP 7 project ‘SOCIOEC’ started in March 2012 and this paper gives an overview on the main research questions and first results.
SOCIOEC is an interdisciplinary project bringing together scientists from several fisheries sciences with industry partners and other key stakeholders to work on solutions for future fisheries...
The EU FP 7 project ‘SOCIOEC’ started in March 2012 and a special session on the challenges and methodological background was organised during the IIFET Conference. In this overview we list the abstracts of the papers delivered and give a short overview on the discussion
We assess cod, herring, and sprat fisheries in the Baltic Sea under different salinity conditions using a bioeconomic model with simple predation functions. We compare the current fishing policy to an optimal policy under two different salinity conditions, which have a link to climate change. The fishery of these species...
In 2011 the FAO Committee on Fisheries tasked FAO with the development of an international instrument in the form of guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries (SSF Guidelines). The SSF Guidelines will facilitate the empowerment and mobilization of stakeholders to promote change towards sustainable small-scale fisheries and hence facilitate the...
Chalan Beel, a wetland situated in the North Western Bangladesh is a very potential wetland with immense biodiversity and fisheries value. Its management problem has engulfed with suggestions ranging from private leasing, joint administration by public representation and government and community based approaches. However, nothing sustainable so far emerged concerning...
In July 2011 the European Commission acknowledged that "Our current system is not working in favour of sustainability. Too many fleet segments live on low profits, depend on subsidies for survival. 'Business as usual' is not an option".
Indeed, the reform of the policy "must not be yet another piecemeal,...
In order to survive and prosper fishing companies have to balance the need for continuity and change. Investment strategy is a good indicator on the direction companies are headed in terms of capacity, onboard production, and the financial risks they are willing to take. However, the success of an investment...
Seaweed farming based primarily on the culture of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species has grown significantly in the Philippines and Indonesia over the last two decades, with growth also taking place at a smaller scale in Tanzania, India and a few other developing countries. Unlike other forms of aquaculture, seaweed farming...
Artisanal or small scale inshore fisheries are one of the economic sub sectors of the economy and make valuable economic contribution to the coastal communities of Tanzania. It provides rich protein food, employment, income thus contribute to their livelihood. The fishery also contributes significantly to foreign earnings and revenue. Small-scale...
Various traditional methods are employed to preserve and process Rastrineobola argentea
locally known as dagaa (sardines) an indigenous fish species of Lake Victoria. The widely
used known customarily dagaa and dagaa products preservation methods include sundrying,
smoking, salting and various combinations of these. The advantages of smoking
dagaa are manifold....
Fish is important from the point of view of food and nutritional security, especially in developing countries. Most of the countries having sea gates and those having lakes are using different methods and techniques to exploit their fisheries sector to achieve their food security. Eritrea as one of the countries...
The seafood industry is one part of the food industry competing for consumer protein demand. Generic advertising or promotion offers one approach to expand that demand. Generic promotion programs focus on market expansion involving an entire industry or segment. They involve advertising directly to the final consumer or to institutional...
Stepwise logistic regression was used to explore consumption survey data to identify factors affecting consumer preference for fish in Taiwan. Most of the consumers responding prefer to eat fish, although the per capita consumption of fish was stagnant. Some demographic factors and consumer preference for food attributes were identified to...
This paper aims to reveal consumers’ preferences for quality graded fish products based upon existing data on first-hand sales in Denmark. The data represents the value of fish for consumption as a non-differentiated private good.
The objective is to measure the welfare gains to society of an increase in “quality”...
A panel of food industry managers discussed the challenges of the food chain with emphasis on the retail component. Major issues identified included the supply chain with the advent of web-retail, industry image with consumers, environmental issues and workforce challenges. Panelists included Pam Lund (Momenta LLC), Lynn Wilson (Momenta LLC),...
The transition from a producer-oriented to a consumer-oriented society has created numerous new demands for food products. New food trends, such as lightness, safety and healthiness, as well as the ecological aspects of products concern fish, too. The outlook of the entire production chain needs to be clarified to enable...
Both at home and abroad concerns about genetically modified foods have disrupted food markets and raised a number of problems for international trade. This paper addresses the issue of labeling foods produced using genetically modified ingredients from an economic perspective. The wide range of consumer attitudes with respect to food...
Shellfish farming is the most common and the most established activity of aquaculture in France and in EU15. Such as main suppliers of mussels and oysters, mariculture production makes up the referent market for bivalves molluscs, unlike most other aquatic species for which capture fisheries are prevalent. Moreover, the specificity...
In the early 1990s, the crisis of the fishing industry resulted in both economic and human tragedies. Drawing conclusions from the crisis the fishing fleets experienced at that time, some groups of producers started to think of better enhancement of their production. Since then, they have tried to adapt their...
In “Landing fees vs. harvest quotas with
uncertain fish stocks”, Martin Weitzman maintains that
the conventional view among both fisheries economists
and fisheries managers is that “prices” are inferior to
“quantities” as instruments for regulating the fishing
industry. Weitzman takes the opposite position,
appealing to two well-established ideas in economics:...
The paper analyzes the relative performance of two market-based fisheries management instruments in the presence of a stochastic stock-recruitment relation. Regulators are forced to choose either a fee per fish landed or a quota on the total fish harvest at a time when they are uncertain what will be...
A large share of world production of aquatic animals of around 120 million tons per year enters international marketing channels. Since more than 90% of this trade consists of processed products in one form or other and in general represents products from the higher value segments, a comparison on a...
Between 1988 and 1997, Japanese fish and shellfish catch dropped by 42 percent, falling to its lowest level in 31 years. Domestic prices sharply increased, but per capita fish and shellfish consumption is still higher than that of all meats. To meet rising demand, Japan became the world's largest importer,...
Weitzman's paper is useful because it provides the fisheries economics profession with a reason to re-examine certain elements of the currently accepted fisheries management theory. As a result, this contribution may lead to a more solid theoretical foundation for fisheries management. This, of course, is the way any science is...
Various international instruments that could play a positive role in the management of fisheries on the high seas, such as the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and the FAO Compliance Agreement, have not yet come into force. The reach of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations does not yet extend seamless across the...
In this paper we will study two auctions for fish found in Norway, and compare them applying auction theoretical assumptions. We will use the revenue equivalence theorem as a basis to explain why these two different auction mechanisms are chosen for the sale of fish. It is shown that the...
An inverse system framework is followed in this paper to analyse the process of price formation in the Sydney Fish Market for the quota species of Australias South East Fishery. The log-linear version is supported by the data and the system is estimated using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) technique....
The Portland Fish Exchange, opened in 1986 has grown into a highly successful auction. During the same period other auctions in New England have diminished in their importance. Other attempted display auctions on both the east and west coast of the United States have failed. What factors have made the...
Ex-vessel price formation of fish in Iceland has been a stumbling stone within the fisheries for a long period of time. Fish as a raw material for processing has been sold either in direct sales or through auction markets leading to different prices. In many cases direct sales leads to...
This paper provides an analysis of the market potential for organic salmon, primarily in the European Union. There
has been a substantial growth in the demand for organic food products in industrialised countries in the course of the past
decade. Legislation for organic production is now being extended to aquaculture,...
The authors are research assistant, professor and department chair, and assistant professor in the Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics at the University of Rhode Island, respectively. Frank Asche is professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Stavanger, Norway. Funding for this project was provided by...
There has been a growing interest in recent years in the potential use of product differentiation (through eco-type labelling) as a means of promoting and rewarding the sustainable management and exploitation of fish stocks. This interest is marked by the growing literature on the topic, exploring both the concept and...
Fish is an increasingly popular source of protein and lifestyle food choice. High demand for fish and inadequate management of many fisheries has resulted in sub-optimum production and economic and environmental performance. Initiatives to address these problems include regional and international fisheries agreements, NGO-campaigns and industry-led management innovations. The Marine...
Risk management has become increasingly politicized and contentious. Polarized views, controversy, and conflict have become pervasive. Research has begun to provide a new perspective on this problem by demonstrating the complexity of the concept “risk” and the inadequacies of the traditional view of risk assessment as a purely scientific enterprise....
Detailed economic analyses of fisher performance are critical inputs in improving the management of fisheries. The paper provides guidelines about the economic methodologies and the data required to monitor and assess the performance of individual transferable quota fisheries. In particular, it describes the methods of evaluation that could be applied...
The annual assessment of shrimp fishing performance is important to three interrelated audiences: the regulatory community which defines the policy arena in which fishermen operate, financial institutions which extend credit, and producers. Historic, economic performance data enables policy makers to estimate the ability of producers to absorb production losses and/or...
Cooperative research, the active participation of industry in scientific research, is receiving increased attention as an alternative to traditional government-sponsored methods. Its strongest attributes are its potential to improve spatial and temporal collection of fishery data while reducing some research costs. Despite these potential benefits, there are obstacles to adopting...
This paper explores the policy efforts dealing with the problem of declining Pacific Northwest fish runs. Results have been disappointing. Decades of expensive efforts costing billion of dollars have been relatively ineffective in increasing salmon runs. Many species of wild fish continue to decline or remain significantly below target levels...
The marine environment is experiencing increased human-induced stress, compounded by natural and human-induced (global warming) climatic changes. “Freedom of the sea” is no longer a viable option as marine resources become increasingly scarce. Both fishermen and managers must work cooperatively and diligently to monitor the existing limited resources. In order...
Given the fragile nature of fish stocks in the North Sea, it is of increasing importance to produce accurate and informed estimates of the state of stocks for the purpose of setting TACs. In order to do this, realistic and reliable estimates of fishing mortality and the current state of...
New Zealand marine fishing activities create many types of environmental externalities. Legislation requires that the externalities be internalised and fisheries management agencies must choose from a wide range of instruments which are best suited to the task. Selection of best instruments can be aided by following a hierarchical decision process,...
Fisheries management involves a degree of separation between ownership of the fish and associated natural resources, ownership and operation of fishing enterprises and management of the fishery as a whole. The arms length nature of some of the resulting relationships means that public reporting of a range of economic and...
Commercial fishing in Queensland, Australia, involves a diversity of fishing activities such as trawl, line, net and crab. Due to a complex licensing arrangement (Licence Packages), most fishers are endorsed to operate in more than one fishery providing flexibility for commercial fishing operations. The aim of this paper is to...
The economics literature has recently turned its attention to the existence of gender differences in various aspects of choice behaviour. This paper focuses upon such differences as may exist in the valuation of environmental resources. Firstly, the paper presents several reasons why women are expected to have a lower willingness-to-pay...
The objective of this study is to incorporate anticipated congestion in an individual-specific demand framework using random utility theory. In this process the notion of interdependent utility functions will be utilized and implemented in a relatively simple econometric structure. The model will be illustrated in an empirical application to wilderness...
In seeking to value environmental amenities and public goods, individuals often have trouble trading off the
(vague) amenity or good against a monetary measure. Valuation in these circumstances can best be described as fuzzy—both in terms of the amenity valued, perceptions of property rights, and the numbers chosen to reflect...
The Venice lagoon is the largest one in the Mediterranean sea (550 km2). It is a relevant site for both professional fishing and recreation (fishing and boating). The paper estimates the recreational and sport-fishing demand using the contingent valuation method. A stratified sample-based survey has been made in order to...
The paper reports on a large-scale demand model for recreational fishing in Michigan. The model is based on the travel cost method and is specified as a four-level nested-logit. Seasonal participation is modeled by repeating the site choice logit over the course of a season. Data on anglers' trips and...
The author highlights the many new insights that have already arisen in the rapidly emerging literature on performance and CU measurement in fisheries. She stresses two fundamental points. First, for relevant policy guidance it is crucial to seriously ponder the implications of myriad complicating factors for CU modeling and measurement,...
In 1999, the FAO Committee on Fisheries adopted an International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The paper presents this new international fisheries instrument and discusses the main issues which would need to be addressed by Nations and regional fisheries organizations worldwide to ensure its implementation. Specific...
Excess capacity or capacity utilization measures are presented in the multi-output case. Such measures can be either technical or economic. They may also be ray measures or revenue measures. The choice of the best measure depends on data availability and the policy use of the measure.
Management of fishing effort and fishing capacity is receiving increased attention world-wide. In the Northeast region of the U. S., the principal focus has been on managing “active” fishing vessels, although concerns have increased over the magnitude of “latent” effort and its implications for resource recovery and sustainability. This paper...
Excess capacity results because fishermen do not have an incentive to conserve fish in-the-sea causing them to over-invest in the capital used to harvest fish as well as other production or factor inputs.1 Excess capacity like overcapitalization and overfishing is a symptom of our regulated, open access fishery management system....
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This study was aimed at assessing how efficient the small - scale fishing units in Lagos State, Nigeria use the monetary inputs: costs of gear repairs, craft repairs, fuel, fishing losses, hired labor, and the residual costs of craft and gear. Between January and December, 113 mechanized and 43 non-mechanized...
The coastal zone is a dynamic area surrounding the interface between land and sea. The coastal area and its resources offer great benefits and opportunities for human use. Most coastal activities in Tanzania rely on the natural resources that the coast offers (fishing, forestry, agriculture, tourism, mining, salt production mariculture...
This paper compares the status of fishing to farming in the Nariva Swamp, on the eastern coast of the island of Trinidad, in the country of Trinidad and Tobago. This swamp is one of international significance, since it is a home to the endangered animal, the manatee (Trichecus manatee). Also...
Despite growing interest in Marine Protected Areas, relatively little is still known in practice about their economic impact or their distributional consequences for stakeholders. The present paper, based on an EU-funded project, attempts to shed light on this issue by examining the economics of an artisanal fishery operating in an...
In the past three and a half a century since fisheries development was embarked upon in West Africa, the significant contributions of women in sustaining the socio-economic livelihoods of their families has been neglected and taken for granted. Development and support systems have paid much less attention to the economic...
Economists in developed countries having specific institutional and macroeconomic conditions have been the major contributors to fisheries economics theory and policy. Whereas the theory and the policies may be appropriate in certain circumstances for developing countries, it is not necessarily true that the two major recommendations of fisheries theory, capacity...
The paper first reviews the aquaculture sector in Thailand and focuses on the development of freshwater fish. The government has promoted freshwater fish culture mainly to supply domestically. The development policies that influence markets and access have been stated. It then highlights fish consumption by region. As a result of...
Recent trends in global fish production, consumption and trade reflect several fundamental shifts in the structure of supply of and demand for fish and seafood. Rapid changes in world demand for fish is first discussed. Six panelists discuss the issues derived from considering fisheries—with particular emphasis on aquaculture—as a major...
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), in collaboration with the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), are presently attempting to model supply and demand for highly aggregated fish categories within the context of IFPRI's IMPACT global...
Aquaculture is currently responsible for an insignificant proportion of total fish production in Uganda. However, given increasing demand for fresh fish in urban and peri-urban areas, and threats to the supply of fish from natural catch fisheries there seems to be a potentially strong market for fish and fish products...
A development mandate is explicit in South Africa’s new fisheries legislation, the Marine Living Resources Act, which is based on the principles of equity, sustainability and stability. The new policy represents a significant departure from that of the previous Government, which largely confined its role to resource management. This presents...
In the recent years, resource depletion of inshore and coastal fisheries has seriously impacted Taiwan. Local fishing communities’ economic profits in these fisheries have declined and resulted in lower earned incomes for the fishermen. These phenomena have lead many scholars, government agencies and fishing communities to evaluate the optimal number...
Fisheries resources in Oregon have been the focus of a public policy and management controversy for the last several years. As changes in fisheries resources management and policy decisions continue to be occur, the two communities that are directly involved - the fishery management community and the fishing family business...
Fish resource management system in Malawi has undergone several changes for nearly a century. The conventional centralised fisheries management system was introduced after the colonial rule through a mandated Fisheries Department, taking over the whole responsibility of controlling exploitation of fisheries resources from the traditional powers. The major focus at...
This paper evaluates evidence that fish stocks in Africa's inland waters are climate-driven and cannot be stabilized by conventional fisheries management measures. We draw on published material and our own recent and on-going research in Lake Chad and the East African Great Lakes area to propose that fisherfolk's livelihood strategies...
A partnership project of the Bangladesh Department of Fisheries, five NGOs and ICLARM has introduced community management of inland fisheries in Bangladesh. Management arrangements and outcomes are compared in four waterbodies with different property rights. In the closed lake fishers jointly stock, guard and harvest fish, non-members are excluded. Production...
It is usually assumed that most, if not all, small scale fishing communities, particularly in tropical countries, represents the poorest and most disadvantaged part of rural societies. As a result, these populations have been targeted for poverty alleviation by fisheries development programmes since the early 60's. Unfortunately many of these...
It is impossible to place a date on the beginning of fishery research. It no doubt existed in a primitive way among the earliest civilizations. For practical reasons, the scope of this paper is limited to the four countries bordering the North Pacific--Japan, Canada, Russia and the United States--and to...
Dungeness crab stocks are healthy, with naturally occurring fluctuations in abundance. The fishing method is targeted and gear is selective. Bycatch mortality is minimal to non-existent. The issues facing this industry are not biological, but socioeconomic. The industry is working with the state management system to ensure a sound future...
I will present a brief history of fish processing along the Pacific Coast of California and Oregon, and recollect some childhood memories of “laying about” in fish houses and fishing boats in my “home port” of Fort Bragg. As many of you know, the past 25 years of my career...
West Coast fishery management is a product of its context, incentives, and history. The context is both regional and national. Incentives have encouraged investment and growth. The history is a progression of enclosure, expansion, and eventual contraction. A major West Coast fishery – groundfish – illustrates how fishery management has...
Trolling (the use of lures behind a moving boat) for salmon has probably been practiced for thousands of years with oars and sails. But it was not until the advent of reliable gasoline engines and increased regulations on the estuary gillnet fisheries of San Francisco Bay and the Columbia River...
As background, at the national level, for many years the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries concentrated on exploratory fishing, gear development, food science, catch statistics, scientific research, and marketing, and serviced the commercial industry in a variety of ways. In the early 1970's the name was changed to National Marine...
Wiegardt Brothers is the oldest family business to continuously harvest oysters in the US, in operation since the 1970s. We are oyster growers, or aquaculturists.
The west coast oyster industry was founded on the native oyster, Ostrey Lurida, also regionally named the Olympia or Yaquina oyster. The name native stuck...
The fishing activities within the English Channel may be regarded as various components of one large multi-species multi-gear multi-area fishery. As a result of a bioeconomic analysis of this fishery, significant differences in profitability between activities were outlined. According to industrial economics, such differences may be regarded as the result...
Economic performance of different fleet segments varies considerably from year to year, with some segments experiencing increased profitability while others experience decreased profitability. This variation is generally considered to be a consequence of the stochasticity in the industry. However, there is growing evidence that fisheries may not be as stochastic...
This paper analyzes spatial patterns of exploitation in the California sea urchin fishery using two different econometric approaches: a Poisson/SUR model of monthly observations and a micro-level Nested Logit model of individual harvester daily decisions. Each model is used to simulate the spatial distribution of fishing effort. The models are...
A primal formulation has been used to estimate a translog production function that includes fishing effort and fisherman’s skill as production factors. The selected functional form permits the analysis of the substitution possibilities among production inputs composing effort by calculating the Allen elasticity of substitution. Particular attention is paid to...
To reduce fleet capacity in European fisheries is an important objective of the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy. The success of such programmes depends both on the variation and the level of efficiency within the fishing fleets. If vessels with significantly lower efficiency level than average are decommissioned, the actual...
The question arises for fishery managers as to whether or not there are observable and measurable attributes of the skipper or vessel that fishery managers can monitor and possibly regulate to control expansions in fishing capacity from this source. This paper addresses this neglected issue of resource management through a...
This paper is a case study of the interrelationship between public policy and species decline in the oyster industry of Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, in the late 19th century, with some attention paid to the first decade of the 20th century. It examines the nature of the many regulatory shifts...
A logical analysis of the common fisheries models used in stock assessment has shown that they produce specific predictions with the logical form of existential statements, fail Karl Popper’s falsifiability criterion, and so cannot be falsified or tested by the empirical evidence. By contrast, the theoretical models of fisheries economics...
For more than a century, politicians, newspaper editors, tate and federal fisheries managers, and their various constituencies with an interest in salmon have complained,lobbied and petitioned, sought legislative relief, and studied to near extinction the declining runs of the Pacific Northwest’s anadromous fish runs. All to no avail, of course....
Lake Chad is a vitally important wetland in the semi-arid Sahel corridor. It provides the basis of many thousands of livelihoods which depend on its seasonal fluctuations to renew fish stocks, farmland and rangeland. This paper describes how the institutions which govern access to fishing rights has evolved on the...
The Market Quota System (MQS) is a free market style public resource tool. It can be applied to any public resource, such as fisheries, forestry, minerals, and even such things as airport runway scheduling slots, or taxi licenses etc. Any time that a public resource is sought after by private...
Fisheries management as we know it today is in a perpetual state of crisis because it is fatally flawed. Fisheries management will increasingly fail to prevent species decline, and even exacerbate those declines, unless it adopts new institutional priorities and methodologies based not on the prevalent “Industrial Model,” which is...