Recently, Mediterranean lagoon environment, mainly in the North Adriatic area, has been threatened by the overexploitation of fishery. Fishing has been rapidly growing since clam (Tapes phippinarum) fishery has spread over several lagoons. Fishing growth has been accomplished by capital-intensive fishery equipments increasing harvesting beyond the sustainable biological growth. This...
A linear programming (LP) profit-maximization model and a Target MOTAD risk programming model were developed to identify optimal management strategies and associated risk levels for the aquaculture of penaeid shrimp in Honduras. Data for this study were provided by three cooperating shrimp farms and included complete production records of 1,004...
The paper analyzes the relative performance of two market-based fisheries management instruments in the presence of a stochastic stock-recruitment relation. Regulators are forced to choose either a fee per fish landed or a quota on the total fish harvest at a time when they are uncertain what will be...
In this paper, a three-country dynamic bio-economic model is presented and used to simulate catch levels, stock size and profit potential of alternative management strategies for the Norwegian spring-spawning herring fishery. Management of the herring fishery is complicated by the migratory behaviour of the species moving between coastal state zones...
Polish distant water fisheries reached a crisis in the 90s. Thereby the present paper provides a charactwristic
of distant water fisheries where their main problems and possible solutions are briefly defined.
Following an assessment of Mexican water resources by governmental agencies in the late 1940’s, Tabasco State was identified as a potential area for aquaculture development, as the State holds 30% of National water resources and an important share of Southeast Mexican fisheries, particularly for oyster production. However, conflicts and competition...
Three speakers give their impressions of the conference with praise as well as suggestions for the future. The inter-disciplinary nature of the conference was praised as wellas the attempt to integrate non-economists and those outside of the academy. One suggested that fisheries cannot be properly understood and cannot be properly...
The current U.S. moratorium on implementation of new Individual Quota (IQ) programs has left fishery managers without an important tool in the quest for successful management systems. Meanwhile, many fisheries, such as the west coast groundfish fishery, are in desperate need of capacity reduction and more flexible management.
The Pacific...
In this paper, we use a common renewable resource model with stochastic growth to obtain three main results. First, we demonstrate that predictions of poor future environmental conditions lead to lower desired escapement (i.e., low remaining resource stock in place after harvest) and higher current harvest. At first glance, it...
Given high levels of uncertainty associated with fish stocks, predetermined access rights to the fishery may not deliver the most efficient outcome. Real time monitoring of the fishery could allow effort to be expanded or decreased in accordance with a set of performance indicators. The potential for using real time...
The Portland Fish Exchange, opened in 1986 has grown into a highly successful auction. During the same period other auctions in New England have diminished in their importance. Other attempted display auctions on both the east and west coast of the United States have failed. What factors have made the...
A large share of world production of aquatic animals of around 120 million tons per year enters international marketing channels. Since more than 90% of this trade consists of processed products in one form or other and in general represents products from the higher value segments, a comparison on a...
Measurement of capacity in marine fisheries is an important activity. An economic definition of capacity is the output level corresponding to the tangency between the long-run and short-run average cost curves. A technological-engineering definition is the maximum output per unit of time provided variable inputs are unrestricted. Although cost data...
In the recent years, resource depletion of inshore and coastal fisheries has seriously impacted Taiwan. Local fishing communities’ economic profits in these fisheries have declined and resulted in lower earned incomes for the fishermen. These phenomena have lead many scholars, government agencies and fishing communities to evaluate the optimal number...
Weitzman's paper is useful because it provides the fisheries economics profession with a reason to re-examine certain elements of the currently accepted fisheries management theory. As a result, this contribution may lead to a more solid theoretical foundation for fisheries management. This, of course, is the way any science is...
Commercial fishing in Queensland, Australia, involves a diversity of fishing activities such as trawl, line, net and crab. Due to a complex licensing arrangement (Licence Packages), most fishers are endorsed to operate in more than one fishery providing flexibility for commercial fishing operations. The aim of this paper is to...
Pacific Salmon are anadromous fish that cross state and international boundaries in their oceanic migrations. Fish spawned in the rivers of one jurisdiction are vulnerable to harvest in other jurisdictions. The rocky history of attempts by the United States and Canada to cooperatively manage their respective salmon harvests suggests that...
Cooperative research, the active participation of industry in scientific research, is receiving increased attention as an alternative to traditional government-sponsored methods. Its strongest attributes are its potential to improve spatial and temporal collection of fishery data while reducing some research costs. Despite these potential benefits, there are obstacles to adopting...
The recent expansion of the longline commercial fishery has heightened the conflicts among various fisheries in Hawaii, especially between longliners and non-longline commercial (troll and handline) and recreational fishing boats. The recent court ruling against longline fishing on some waters around Hawaiian islands may provide an impetus for the expansion...
1999 marks the end of the first decade after the reestablishment of a free Poland and of the Polish market economy. Tremendous changes have been undertaken, and the seafood sector is no exception to ther general rule; it has changed to an extent that no one could have foreseen at...
The United States has been collecting supplemental economic information in addition to biological catch and effort data from saltwater recreational anglers. This supplemental information was collected to enable the estimation of travel cost models of recreation demand. This paper will discuss in detail the data that is available and the...
The seafood industry is one part of the food industry competing for consumer protein demand. Generic advertising or promotion offers one approach to expand that demand. Generic promotion programs focus on market expansion involving an entire industry or segment. They involve advertising directly to the final consumer or to institutional...
Despite growing interest in Marine Protected Areas, relatively little is still known in practice about their economic impact or their distributional consequences for stakeholders. The present paper, based on an EU-funded project, attempts to shed light on this issue by examining the economics of an artisanal fishery operating in an...
Risk management has become increasingly politicized and contentious. Polarized views, controversy, and conflict have become pervasive. Research has begun to provide a new perspective on this problem by demonstrating the complexity of the concept “risk” and the inadequacies of the traditional view of risk assessment as a purely scientific enterprise....
This paper considers the regulation of a natural resource within a dynamic common agency framework. In setting harvest quotas, the regulator responds to lobbying pressure (contributions) from harvesters and conservationists. The truthful Markov perfect equilibrium stock is then an increasing function of the effective political weight for conservationists. Since the...
This paper addresses the adequacy and perspectives of multi-agent system (MAS) models in the context of policy sup-port for agricultural policy makers. The paper starts illustrating what MAS are and how they may be used. The general presenta-tion is followed by the description of an exemplary spatial dynamic model of...
A logical analysis of the common fisheries models used in stock assessment has shown that they produce specific predictions with the logical form of existential statements, fail Karl Popper’s falsifiability criterion, and so cannot be falsified or tested by the empirical evidence. By contrast, the theoretical models of fisheries economics...
Main research question: The aim of the study was to investigate how health perception, eating habits and
socioeconomic pattern influence choice of seafood. Materials and methods: A randomly drawn sample of Norwegian women
aged 45 to 69 years answered a self-administrated mail questionnaire about eating habits, socioeconomic status, and
questions...
Two developments: investigation of the relationship between climate and the size of small Pelagic fishstocks, and the extension of this relationship to include its impact on economic activity indicate the importance of specifying the linkage among changes in the environment, a profitable and stable industry and conservation of the resource...
The objective of the paper is to analyse and to simulate fishers dis-investment behaviour especially in the context of the French buyback policy. A case study, the limited entry scallop fishery of the Saint-Brieuc bay is used to consider the problem of excess capacity and to review the impact of...
The Cuban seafood industry has long been an important supplier of certain high-valued seafood products for the world market. In addition, the industry has historically played an important role in providing seafood products for the domestic markets in Cuba. Assistance from the Soviet Union during the 1960-70s led the development...
This paper considers the costs of fisheries management. It starts by reviewing the costs of fisheries management in Iceland, Newfoundland and Norway. The outcome of this study, as well as information from other countries, indicates that fisheries management costs are generally quite substantial relative to the value of landed catch....
In 1990-1993 in Kapasia sub-district in central Bangladesh ICLARM introduced low-input aquaculture for pond owners to adapt into their farming systems. Impacts on production, fish consumption and markets were assessed in 1998-1999. The percentage of ponds stocked increased from 1990 to 1998, but did not differ significantly between past participants...
Recent trends in global fish production, consumption and trade reflect several fundamental shifts in the structure of supply of and demand for fish and seafood. Rapid changes in world demand for fish is first discussed. Six panelists discuss the issues derived from considering fisheries—with particular emphasis on aquaculture—as a major...
In recent years, payments to purchase resources or easements or to change landowner behavior have become a major vehicle for resource conservation and environmental protection. These funds use various strategies to target resources for conservation, the choice of which may lead to striking differences in economic and environmental performance. In...
Indigenous knowledge (creation of human well-being with a modicum of Earth resources) in India was augmented in the twentieth century with new technologies. The new technologies have raised Indian well-being, but these
improvements has been insufficient to motivate Indians to choose families small enough to achieve human sustainability.
Fortunately, within...
Thaler’s short paper is written to forecast the future of economics. The author states at the top that he will be subject to certain biases and also suggests good reasons why he will be subject to them. But, it turns out that the forecasts themselves are not supported by objective...
The fishing activities within the English Channel may be regarded as various components of one large multi-species multi-gear multi-area fishery. As a result of a bioeconomic analysis of this fishery, significant differences in profitability between activities were outlined. According to industrial economics, such differences may be regarded as the result...
An integrated model combining a wildlife population simulation model and timber harvest and growth models was developed to explore the tradeoffs between the likelihood of persistence of a hypothetical wildlife species and timber harvest volumes on a landscape in the Central Oregon Cascades. Simulated annealing, a heuristic optimization technique, was...
The diplomatic corps of Iceland has used much of its time during the third quarter of the 20. century to convince other nations that Icelanders should control and utilise the resources of the waters within 12, then 50 and finally 200 nautical miles around the island. Icelandic politicians have used...
The Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. is home to the greatest hydroelectric system in the world. Its dams provide 75 percent of the power needs of nearly 10 million people. But the dams also create numerous obstacles to the survival of what was once the...
It is fitting for the theme of IIFET 2000 “Microbehavior and Macroresults” that some of the smallest life forms on planet Earth (caliciviruses measuring 36 nanometers in diameter), which replicate only inside the living cells of their hosts, be examined. From their beginnings in this microscopic ecologic niche where they...
This paper elaborates the use of distributed Genetic Algorithms (DGA) to study an artificial land rental market. The
study is based on a spatial comparative-static model in which a number of spatially ordered agents (farms) compete in an auction
for renting land. Each agent’s behavior is determined by a genetic...
In April 1997, the Council of the European Union (EU) initiated a debate about Community fishing agreements (CFAs). In its conclusions, the Council invited "the Commission to undertake an analysis of the costs and benefits of fishing agreements with the Community". The overall aim is to provide pertinent information to...
Using individual firm data from before and after the introduction of ITQs in the multi-species Nova Scotia mobile gear fishery, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine issues relating to capacity and capacity utilization. The paper examines how a change in the property rights regime can affect a multi-product...
The evolution of the Quota Management System of fisheries management in New Zealand has been accompanied by four innovations in the specific mechanisms used by government to collect revenue from commercial fishers and quota owners. These are: the introduction of resource rentals, the removal of resource rentals, the introduction of...
In the early 1990s, the crisis of the fishing industry resulted in both economic and human tragedies. Drawing conclusions from the crisis the fishing fleets experienced at that time, some groups of producers started to think of better enhancement of their production. Since then, they have tried to adapt their...
Fisheries management as we know it today is in a perpetual state of crisis because it is fatally flawed. Fisheries management will increasingly fail to prevent species decline, and even exacerbate those declines, unless it adopts new institutional priorities and methodologies based not on the prevalent “Industrial Model,” which is...
This paper compares the status of fishing to farming in the Nariva Swamp, on the eastern coast of the island of Trinidad, in the country of Trinidad and Tobago. This swamp is one of international significance, since it is a home to the endangered animal, the manatee (Trichecus manatee). Also...
Two fishery management innovations developed in New Zealand are described. The first is a programme of “self-monitoring” of the catch through the biological sampling by the skipper or a crew member on the vessel. The intent of this programme is to take a small sample of many units of effort...
There are, at least, four basic characteristics of the
universe that are the data source for North American
cultures in maintaining a balance between the physical
sense of the universe and the intuitive non-dimensional
spiritual sense of the universe. This balance is delicate
and can become distorted by too many...
The role of discounting in determining the optimal harvest of natural resources has been extensively debated in the economic and natural resources literature. Differing approaches to discounting to address sustainability and intergenerational equity issues have the potential to significantly affect the allocation of resources between harvesting and conservation for this...
The FAO International Plan of Action on the management of fishing capacity calls for all member states to provide estimates of the total capacity of their fleets by 2001. In the UK, a “capacity” measurement system is currently in place, based on vessel size and engine power. An assumption is...
Oyster relaying is one of the means by which oystermen increase the net return from their leases. Using a Poisson regression model, this research evaluates the factors affecting the demand for relaying permits by the oyster industry in Louisiana, the nation’s leading oyster producing state. Economic factors and prevailing environmental...
Fish is an increasingly popular source of protein and lifestyle food choice. High demand for fish and inadequate management of many fisheries has resulted in sub-optimum production and economic and environmental performance. Initiatives to address these problems include regional and international fisheries agreements, NGO-campaigns and industry-led management innovations. The Marine...
This is a summary paper on the redistribution and restructuring of the South African squid industry. Political normalisation in South Africa during 1994, and the drafting of the new Marine Living Resources Act 1998, led to the imperative to transform the fishing sector to more equitably reflect the racial demographics...
Pollution of the marine areas that support much of the world's commercial fisheries is regarded as a pressing global environmental problem. One often-cited issue is nutrient enrichment, but this may be a mixed blessing: it contributes to primary productivity and increases the sustainable fish catch, while simultaneously causing occasional and...
This paper deals with the application of a dynamic model, combining Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Penrose’s theory of the growth of firms, under the New Institutional Economics (NIE) terms, to analyze and manage the “Agribusiness Innovation System” (SIE) coordinated by an agricultural research-development (R&D) organization in Brazil – Embrapa....
The transition from a producer-oriented to a consumer-oriented society has created numerous new demands for food products. New food trends, such as lightness, safety and healthiness, as well as the ecological aspects of products concern fish, too. The outlook of the entire production chain needs to be clarified to enable...
Shetland is currently pioneering two innovations in fisheries management. The Shetland Regulating Order and the Community Fish Quota scheme are both certainly innovative, perhaps radical and may possibly become a model for other areas.
The Shetland Islands are often described as remote, barren and peripheral. From a fisheries perspective, however,...
On behalf of the Linus Pauling Institute, I am pleased to welcome you to this conference and, in particular, to the sessions on the Health Benefits of Seafood Consumption. It is our pleasure to be a co-sponsor of these sessions and I look forward to the presentations by the distinguished...
Various buyout or retirement schemes are used, primarily to reduce fishing effort and capacity. Buyouts are used to provide economic aid in cases of natural disaster and to reduce the numbers of vessels, licenses, and gear in a fishery, i.e., capacity reduction. This paper is part of a larger internship...
International concerns over food safety have accelerated the evolution and implementation of HACCP and risk
assessment. Risk assessment and HACCP are constituents of the overall risk analysis process. Risk analysis includes risk
management and risk communication in addition to risk assessment.
Risk assessment is an integral constituent of the series...
This paper proposes a game theoretic modeling framework for the assessment of the trade-off between economic efficiency gains and biodiversity conservation in a fishery. It introduces a biodiversity index, and develops an application of the method couched on Namibian hake fisheries. Results from the illustrative example show that the opportunity...
The aim of this paper is to propose a model to analyze and manage the scientific-technological innovation systems in public organizations dedicated to R&D in agribusiness, such Embrapa, under the terms of the theoretical system supplied by the New Institutional Economics. The purpose is to identify parameters that can increase...
Fish is the main animal source of protein for the people of Bangladesh. As a principal source of protein, the per capita production of fish is declining. The present study highlights the development of pond fish production through grassroots level organization. The study was conducted in rural areas of Bangladesh....
The economics literature has recently turned its attention to the existence of gender differences in various aspects of choice behaviour. This paper focuses upon such differences as may exist in the valuation of environmental resources. Firstly, the paper presents several reasons why women are expected to have a lower willingness-to-pay...
While overfishing frequently is explained in terms of «the Tragedy of the
Commons» model, it is argued that the economic causes of such long-run resource problems could be more accurately characterised in terms of a «Tragedy of High Prices» due to landings prices exceeding fishing costs at
the socially optimal...
The evidence for a protective role of omega
3 fatty acids in CHD is becoming clearer and firmer,
especially for secondary prevention. Intakes of
approximately 800-1,000 mg per day appear to be a prudent
approach for the latter group of patients. The safety of
intakes of up to 3,000 mg...
The Challenger Scallop Enhancement Company is a fishery self-governing organisation based around Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) property rights. The Company has direct responsibility for managing New Zealand’s largest scallop (Pecten novaezelandiae) fishery known as the Southern Scallop Fishery and is contracted to manage several others. The management framework in the...
The transition process from the Soviet economical system to the market economy in fisheries has received
relatively little attention from fisheries researchers. This study analyze how overall changes in political and economical life
of Estonia during the last decade have affected the complex system of the environmental, economic, social and...
For more than a century, politicians, newspaper editors, tate and federal fisheries managers, and their various constituencies with an interest in salmon have complained,lobbied and petitioned, sought legislative relief, and studied to near extinction the declining runs of the Pacific Northwest’s anadromous fish runs. All to no avail, of course....
In late 1999 Artisanal Fisherman Association in Thailand requested the government to take actions in curbing destructive anchovy fishing gears. They believed that anchovy fishing was the main cause of fishery resource depletion in their fishing grounds. Main anchovy fishing gears were light luring falling net, purse seine, and scoop...
Traditional aquaculture has to a large extent used herbivore species with limited requirements for additional feeding. However, in intensive aquaculture production one farm carnivore species like salmon and also feeds herbivore species with fishmeal as this increase growth. This has lead to a growing concern that increased aquaculture production poses...
In 1999, the FAO Committee on Fisheries adopted an International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The paper presents this new international fisheries instrument and discusses the main issues which would need to be addressed by Nations and regional fisheries organizations worldwide to ensure its implementation. Specific...
Abstract only. For complete paper: M. C. Healey and T. Hennessey. 1998. The paradox of fairness: the impact of escalating complexity on fishery management. Marine Policy 22:109-118.
The positive relationship between innovation and an unusually high concentration of ownership is considered in relation to the Exmouth Gulf Limited Entry Prawn Fishery. Innovation has lead to the adoption of improved harvesting practices and the investigation of the potential for stock enhancement. Experiences in this fishery are consistent with...
It is impossible to place a date on the beginning of fishery research. It no doubt existed in a primitive way among the earliest civilizations. For practical reasons, the scope of this paper is limited to the four countries bordering the North Pacific--Japan, Canada, Russia and the United States--and to...
The “Protestant ethic” with its emphasis on hard work, efficiency, and frugality has influenced the values of North
American fishing communities. Many commercial fishers concur with its principle of “waste not, want not,” and believe that
discarding marketable fish is wrong. In industrialized fisheries, this ethic by itself is inadequate,...
Restoring wild salmon runs to the Pacific Northwest is technically challenging, politically nasty, and socially divisive. Past restoration efforts have been largely unsuccessful. Society’s failure to reverse the continuing decline of wild salmon has the characteristics of a policy conundrum: nearly everyone supports, abstractly at least, restoring salmon runs; considerable...
This paper focus on motivation factors for market oriented value adding (MOVA) in the fishing industry of the limited fish resources. Analytical the paper interpreter the market orientation concept into the Structure- Conduct-Performance model from industrial economics. It shows that most established fisheries management systems as Olympic style, licenses and...
From merely being cod liver oil taken for vitamins A and D, fish oils have moved into the center stage of fatty acids in nutrition. The analytical work starting in 1950 provided the means to recognize the long-chain and truly essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids vital for retinal, neurological and...
These experiences working on regional and national problems for fisheries managers in NMFS have given me a perspective on the role of economics in fisheries management that I am going to share with you today. I would like to stress that this perspective is unique to me and does not...
Given the fragile nature of fish stocks in the North Sea, it is of increasing importance to produce accurate and informed estimates of the state of stocks for the purpose of setting TACs. In order to do this, realistic and reliable estimates of fishing mortality and the current state of...
In this paper a real options approach is taken to natural resource contract valuation. A comparison is made between hedging with futures on developed (harvested) versus undeveloped assets. The risk-free Q martingale probability measure is obtained for the developed asset, and modified to a cost-adjusted Q martingale in the undeveloped...
Apprentice programs offer a method to encourage responsible individual behavior by laying the foundation for successful collective property rights. Apprenticeship has three purposes: to restrict the rate of entry, to affect the quality of the participant, and to create the conditions for collective action for sustainability. Apprenticeship could be an...
Economic performance of different fleet segments varies considerably from year to year, with some segments experiencing increased profitability while others experience decreased profitability. This variation is generally considered to be a consequence of the stochasticity in the industry. However, there is growing evidence that fisheries may not be as stochastic...
The paper discusses compilation of economic accounts for wild fish stocks. The methods proposed in the System of National Accounting (SNA) satellite system, the System for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) are discussed and their usefulness assessed in simple examples. The paper proposes some methods for estimating the value...
The question arises for fishery managers as to whether or not there are observable and measurable attributes of the skipper or vessel that fishery managers can monitor and possibly regulate to control expansions in fishing capacity from this source. This paper addresses this neglected issue of resource management through a...
Both at home and abroad concerns about genetically modified foods have disrupted food markets and raised a number of problems for international trade. This paper addresses the issue of labeling foods produced using genetically modified ingredients from an economic perspective. The wide range of consumer attitudes with respect to food...