The central nervous system of Phidippus, while comparable to that
of other spiders in most respects, is distinguished by the extraordinary
development of visual processing centers, associated with the
complex visually-directed behavior of these animals.
The primary neuropile of the anterior medial eyes consists of two
distinct columnar synapsing regions....
Adaptive immune capabilities of the Urochordate S. montereyensis
were studied. Animals repeatedly injected with bacteria were bled and
the following properties were measured in vitro: agglutinin, bactericidin,
bacteria-cell association. Both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria
were isolated from the gut of S. montereyensis and used as antigens at
10⁸...
Characteristics of bacterial clearance were investigated in the
purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Echinodermata:
Echinoidea). Primary clearance kinetics were determined for three
bacteria, a marine Gram negative motile rod, a marine Gram positive non-motile
rod, and a fresh water fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida.
Various doses of live bacteria were injected...
It has long been observed that stress can increase our
susceptibility to infectious diseases and cancers. Recent
experimental evidence suggests that this increased susceptibility is
due to suppression of immunity. A variety of neuroendocrine products
are released during periods of stress, and a large number of these
are now known...
Due to an interest in the evolutionary origins of
vertebrate mechanisms of immunorecognition, researchers
have frequently turned to deuterostome invertebrates as
model organisms. The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), was selected for
this study of putative immunorecognition molecules in a
deuterostome invertebrate.
Hemagglutinins, molecules which agglutinate red blood...
The host snail Biomphalaria glabrata and the parasitic trematode
Schistosoma mansoni are valuable subjects for studies evaluating and
defining immunological parameters that determine the outcome of
individual host-parasite encounters. In this thesis, both soluble and
cellular components of the snail's hemolymph were examined to gain
insight into the basis for...
The echinoderm axial organ is located centrally, at the meeting point of the
animals' "circulatory" systems. This, and its unusual histology, have prompted
the implication of a number of different functions for the organ, including
circulation, excretion and host defense. None of these have been definitively
proven. Claims that starfish...