Momentum transfer in climbing-film flow in an annular duct was
investigated. Air and various liquids, with a wide range of viscosities
and surface tensions, were investigated. The two phases flowed co-currently
upward, the liquid climbing as a thin film on the inner wail
while the outer wall remained dry.
The...
The pressure drop for two-phase liquid-liquid flow is theoretically
predicted for each flow regime. Empirical correlations, which
are applicable in all flow regimes, are also presented for holdup as
well as pressure drop.
The experimental study covered bubble and drop flow regimes.
The discontinuous phase was injected by nozzle into...
Scaling characteristics of calcium carbonate on a
heated surface in cooling tower water was investigated.
Bulk temperature was maintained constant at 95°F. Flow
velocities and surface temperatures ranged from 3 ft/sec to
10.3 ft/sec and from 105°F to 170°F respectively. City
water was used as make-up for two different water...
Deposition characteristics of magnesium silicate and calcium carbonate on a heated surface in cooling tower water using city water as make-up was investigated. Flow velocity, bulk temperature and calcium hardness were maintained constant at 5.3 ft/ sec, 95°F and 150 ppm as CaCO₃ respectively whereas surface temperature varied from 105°F...
Friction factors were measured for water flowing in ducts made
up of two rods held between two flat plates. Three rod diameters of
0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 inches were used. The spacings between rods
varied from 0.0 to 0.32 inch. It was found that the concept of
hydraulic diameter was...
An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of
flow channel geometry on fully developed turbulent flow in "clean" rod
bundle flow channels. This information was sought to obtain a better
understanding of crossflow mixing between rod bundle subchannels. The
experiments were performed in water with a Reynolds number...
The effects of mass flow rate and subchannel configuration on
the turbulent interchange between adjacent subchannel in simulated
rod bundle were investigated.
The simulated rod bundle was made by arranging seven 1.913 cm
diameter acrylic plastic rods in an equilateral triangular pattern in a
tube 8.89 cm inside diameter.
The...
The turbulent interchange of matter between parallel adjacent
subchannels in a simulated rod bundle for single phase flow was investigated
to determine the effects of mass flow rate and rod spacing.
The simulated rod bundle was made by placing six 1-inch diameter
rods in a square-square array. The overall test...
A cooling tower system was built and fouling resistances were
studied for cooling water flowing over a heated tubular surface. The
cooling water studied was formulated in an effort to match industrial
cooling water quality. The water used in this study had an average
Ryznar Stability Index of 6.23 and...
Turbulent mixing across adjacent subchannels in packed rod
bundles was studied using conductivity measurement and sodium
chloride solution as the tracer. Single phase water was the fluid
investigated.
The packed rod bundles were seven stainless steel tubes,
1.905 cm in diameter and 152.4 cm long, arranged in hexagonal close-packed
configuration...