There is a lack of consensus regarding the roles of sulfide saturation versus volatile degassing on the partitioning of Cu and Ag during differentiation and eruption of convergent margin magmas. Because of their oxidized character, volatile-rich magmas from the Eastern Manus Back-arc Basin (EMBB) only reach sulfide saturation following magnetite-driven...
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previously
compiled, presented and discussed in Jenner and O’Neill, 2012) are presented in
Supplementary
Fungal hyphae are among the most highly polarized cells. Hyphal polarized
growth is supported by tip-directed transport of secretory vesicles, which accumulate temporarily
in a stratified manner in an apical vesicle cluster, the Spitzenkörper. The exocyst complex
is required for tethering of secretory vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. We...
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of proteins and lipids at specific
PM subdomains (Shandala et al., 2012). During exocytosis, the ves
Anthropogenic and natural stressors often interact to affect organisms. Amphibian populations are undergoing unprecedented declines and extinctions with pesticides and emerging infectious diseases implicated as causal factors. Although these factors often co-occur, their effects on amphibians are usually examined in isolation. We hypothesized that exposure of larval and metamorphic amphibians...
Ligand activation of the aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) has profound effects upon the immunological status of the gastrointestinal tract, establishing and maintaining signaling networks, which facilitate host-microbe homeostasis at the mucosal interface. However, the identity of the ligand(s) responsible for such AHR-mediated activation within the gut remains to be firmly established....
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modulation of innate lymphoid cells. Immunity 36,
92–104. (2012).
22. Arsenescu, R. et al. Role of the
Context:
Functional connectivity—the facilitation of individual movements among habitat patches—is essential for species’ persistence in fragmented landscapes. Evaluating functional connectivity is critical for predicting range shifts, developing conservation plans, and anticipating effects of disturbance, especially for species affected by climate change.
Objectives:
We examined whether simplifying forest structure influenced animal...
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; Buchmann et al. 2012). However, factors that
affect and determine functional connectivity are diffi-
cult
We estimate fluid sources around a subducted seamount along the northern Hikurangi subduction
margin of New Zealand, using thermomechanical numerical modelling informed by
wedge structure and porosities from multichannel seismic data. Calculated fluid sources are
input into an independent fluid-flow model to explore the key controls on overpressure generation
to...
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. (2012) discuss laboratory
experiments and conduct a sensitivity study using fault friction coefficients
Trophic interactions within and among species vary widely across spatial scales and species’ ontogeny. However, the drivers and implications of this variability are not well understood. Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have a wide distribution, ranging from northern California to the eastern Bering Sea in North America, but it is...
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. Juvenile fish
may be gape limited, and thus must feed on small
prey items at small sizes (Nunn et al. 2012
A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand
ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early
part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as...
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“Curiosity” rover [Grotzinger et al., 2012] because of the
diversity of geologic features observed from orbit
As decomposers, fungi are key players in recycling plant material in global carbon cycles. We hypothesized that genomes of early diverging fungi may have inherited pectinases from an ancestral species that had been able to extract nutrients from pectin-containing land plants and their algal allies (Streptophytes). We aimed to infer,...
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formats. The LMP library was generated
(Peng, et al. 2012), where genomic DNA was sheared to 4 kb using