Hydrographic and tracer data from 2002 illustrate Atlantic water pathways and
variability in the Mendeleev Ridge and Chukchi Borderland (CBLMR) region of the
Arctic Ocean. Thermohaline double diffusive intrusions (zigzags) dominate both the Fram
Strait (FSBW) and Barents Sea Branch Waters (BSBW) in the region. We show that
details of...
Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the
saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections
along an Arctic outflow pathway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and into
the northwestern Atlantic using dissolved inorganic carbon and total...
During SHEBA, thin ice and freshening of the Arctic Ocean surface in the Beafort Sea led to speculation that perennial sea ice was disappearing [McPhee et al., 1998]. Since 1987, we have collected salinity, δ¹⁸O and Ba profiles near the initial SHEBA site and, in 1997, we ran a section...
Here we report results from an extensive survey of
dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Arctic Ocean, which
was achieved by means of a high-resolution, in situ UV fluorometer
deployed on a nuclear submarine. Based on a strong
linear correlation observed between fluorescence (320 nm excitation,
420 nm emission) and...
A Russian–American fieldwork effort on Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs was undertaken in June–July 1991. Here we report on aspects of major ion (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Alk, Cl–, SO42–) and several minor and trace element (Li isotopes, Sr isotopes, Ba, Al, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ge,...
Pacific winter waters, a major source of nutrients and buoyancy to the Arctic Ocean, are thought to ventilate the Arctic's lower halocline either by injection (isopycnal or penetrative) of cold saline shelf waters, or by cooling and freshening Atlantic waters upwelled onto the shelf. Although ventilation at salinity (S) >...
Dissolved barium (Ba) was measured along transects across Fram and Denmark Straits as part of the 1998 ARK-XIV/2 Polarstern expedition. Results are combined with other available tracer observations to analyze water mass composition at Fram Strait. A combination of Pacific water and Eurasian river runoff dominated (>80% and >10% of...
Upper ocean hydrography in the central Arctic Ocean
has relaxed since 2000 to near-climatological conditions
that pertained before the dramatic changes of the 1990s. The
behavior of the anomalies of temperature and salinity in the
central Arctic Ocean follow a first-order linear response to
the AO with time constant of...
Monitoring the sources and fate of freshwater in the
East Greenland Current (EGC) is important, as this water
has the potential to suppress deep convection in the Nordic
and Labrador Seas if the outflow of freshwater from the
Arctic Ocean increases in response to climate change. Here,
hydrographic, oxygen isotope...
We present a decade-long (1981–1990) high-resolution (subseasonal) record of Pb and Cd concentrations and Pb isotopic composition in a series of 119 snow samples from a 6-m snow pit at Summit, Greenland. Both metals show order of magnitude seasonal variability, with maxima in spring of every year, coinciding with sulfate...