Observations of air and ground temperatures collected between 1993 and 2004 from Emigrant Pass Geothermal Climate Observatory in northwestern Utah are analyzed to understand the relationship between these two quantities. The influence of surface air temperature (SAT), incident solar radiation, and snow cover on surface ground temperature (SGT) variations are...
New thermal data from 18–24 Ma lithosphere on the
Cocos Plate delineate contrasting subsurface thermal
conditions in adjacent sections of crust. Heat flow through
seafloor created at the East Pacific Rise is generally
suppressed by ~70% relative to conductive lithospheric
cooling models, whereas heat flow through adjacent,
similarly-aged lithosphere generated...
We construct an extratropical reduced temperature–depth profile for land areas north
of 20°N latitude from the global borehole temperature database compiled for climate
reconstruction. The mean reduced temperature profile compares well with a time series
constructed from an initial baseline temperature (0.6° ± 0.1°C) and the last 140 years
of...
We examine variability observed in heat flow determinations collected on hot spot
swells. We find substantial scatter in heat flow at wavelengths of a few hundred kilometers
and less at both Hawaii and Reunion, where closely spaced data exist, and large variability
in the regional heat flow surveys at Cape...
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 316 Sites C0006 and C0007 examined the
deformation front of the Nankai accretionary prism offshore the Kii Peninsula, Japan. In the drilling area,
the frontal thrust shows unusual behavior as compared to other regions of the Nankai Trough. Drilling
results, integrated with observations from...
There has been a renaissance of interest in marine heat flow in the past 10–15 years, coinciding with fundamental achievements in understanding the Earth’s thermal state and quantifying the dynamics and impacts of material and energy fluxes within and between the lithosphere and hydrosphere. At the same time, technical capabilities...
In the North Atlantic, cold, relatively salty water sinks in the icy Labrador and Greenland seas, forming North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This circulates through the global ocean, driving ocean overturning and global heat transport and, thus, impacting global climate. As one of the most climatically sensitive regions on Earth,...
Improved interpretations of the strength of the San
Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA based on thermal data
require quantification of processes causing significant
scatter and uncertainty in existing heat flow data. These
effects include topographic refraction, heat advection by
topographically-driven groundwater flow, and uncertainty
in thermal conductivity. Here, we re-evaluate...
[1] Borehole temperature-depth profiles contain a record of surface ground temperature
(SGT) changes with time and complement surface air temperature (SAT) analysis to infer
climate change over multiple centuries. Ground temperatures are generally warmer than
air temperatures due to solar radiation effects in the summer and the insulating effect
of...
Changes in snow’s influence on surface ground temperature (SGT) could create a bias
in the borehole temperature record of climate change. Using a snow-ground thermal model
which predicts changes in the mean annual offset between SGT and surface air
temperature (SAT), we calculate the response of SGT to changes in...
We present two profiles of collocated single-channel seismic reflection and heat flow determinations across Hawaiian flexural moat: one north of Oahu and the other north of Maro Reef. Seismic reflection data are used as an aid in determining depth to basement and interpreting moat stratigraphy. Moat sediments are locally up...
We perform numerical simulations of buoyancy-driven, pore fluid flow in the
Hawaiian archipelagic apron and underlying oceanic crust in order to determine the extent to
which heat redistributed by such flow might cause conductive heat flow measurements to
underrepresent the true mantle heat flux. We also seek an understanding of...
The POM-SAT model for comparing air and
ground temperatures is based on the supposition that surface
air temperature (SAT) records provide a good prediction
of thermal transients in the shallow subsurface of the Earth.
This model consists of two components, the forcing function
and an initial condition, termed the pre-observational...