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Creator:: Mote, Philip W., Rosenlof, Karen H., Holton, James R., Harwood, Robert S., and Waters, Joe W.
Abstract:: Measurements of stratospheric water vapor by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite show that in the tropical lower stratosphere, low‐frequency variations are closely related to the annual cycle in tropical tropopause temperatures. Tropical stratospheric air appears to retain information about the tropopause conditions it encountered for...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: northern summer [Reid and Gage, 1981]. As Frederick and Douglass [1983] pointed out, when the temperature

Creator:: Mote, Philip W., Rosenlof, Karen H., McIntyre, Michael E., Carr, Ewan S, Gille, John C., Holton, James R., Kinnersley, Jonathan S., Pumphrey, Hugh C., Russell, James M., and Waters, Joe W.
Abstract:: We describe observations of tropical stratospheric water vapor q that show clear evidence of large‐scale upward advection of the signal from annual fluctuations in the effective “entry mixing ratio” qE of air entering the tropical stratosphere. In other words, air is “marked,” on emergence above the highest cloud tops, like...
Resource Type:: Article

Creator:: Mote, Philip W., Holton, James R., and Boville, Byron A.
Abstract:: Air and trace gases are exchanged between the stratosphere and the troposphere on a variety of scales; but general circulation models (GCMs) are unable to represent the smaller scales. It would be useful to see how a GCM represents stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE), both to identify possible model deficiencies which would...
Resource Type:: Article
Full Text:: temporal variance is another necessary condi- tion. Frederick and Douglass [1983] calculated that 36% of

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